太湖底泥重金属赋存特征及其评价
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摘要
本文针对太湖底泥中Cd、Pb、Cr、Cu、Zn、Ni和As7种重金属元素的总量,Cd、Pb、Cr、Cu. Zn、Ni6种重金属的赋存形态进行研究,以实验分析以及理论分析相结合的方法,对重金属的含量水平、分布特征、赋存形态及AVS和SEM时空分布特征进行形态研究,并选择基于重金属总量的评价方法(富集系数法)、基于硫化物控制理论(AVS和SEM比值法)、并基于相平衡分配法对太湖底泥中重金属的沉积物质量基准进行研究,结果表明：太湖表层沉积物中7种重金属均超过背景值,表现出较高的累积效应；且这7种重金属的离散性均相对较大；7种重金属均具有中等程度空间自相关性,说明太湖表层底泥中重金属与点源污染有很大关系,已经受到了人类活动的影响；太湖底泥中重金属的含量总体来说从高到底程逐级递减的趋势,表明近年来受到的污染有加重的趋势；而重金属含量一般到第四层、达到20cm处就趋于稳定。太湖表层底泥中不同重金属的形态含量和分布有较大差异；相关性分析表明：Cr、Zn、Cu、Cd这4中重金属元素之间存在极显著的相关关系,可能存在相似的污染来源。太湖底泥中6种重金属有效态含量均有从表层至深层逐渐递减的趋势,且随着深度的增加,可交换态和可氧化态的含量有逐渐降低的趋势。AVS和SEM的分析结果表现,AVS和SEM均有较大的变异系数,SEMzn>SEMNi>SEMpb>SEMCu> SEMcd;从毒性效应来看,太湖表层沉积物中Cd和Pb可能对底栖生物存在毒性效应风险,应引起有关部门重视。通过与背景值的比较,Cd的富集系数最高,远远高于其它6种金属,可能对生态环境可能存在危害。太湖沉积物6种重金属的平衡分配系数(Kp)分别为：2.66x103、5.74x103、6.67×103、4.50×103、0.96x103、10.87x103；根据美国地表水水质基准和我国地表水水质标准,计算出太湖沉积物重金属的质量相对基准值,基本介于TEL和PEL之间。
This paper in connection with concentration characters of seven heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd and Pb) and BCR three stage sequential extraction procedure was applied to examine the speciation and concentration of six heavy metals(Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) in sediments of Taihu lake, combining the method of experimental analysis and theoretical analysis, study concentration characters, distribution characters, Chemical speciation and the concentration of AVS and SEM of heavy metals in the sediments and study its pollution assessment as the method of choosing the evaluation method which is based on heavy metal total concentration (enrichment coefficients method), AVS and SEM Ratio method, and Using Equilibrium-Partitioning Approach. The results indicated that, heavy metals concentrations in the sediments were significantly higher than the background values, a clear cumulative effect of these metals. Geostatistical analysis showed that there was moderate spatial self-correlation between heavy metals in the sediments from the studied area, which indicates that the spatial distribution of the heavy metal concentrations was influenced by human activities factors. The vertical distribution of total metal contents and their fractions decreased with depth and it is stable at the depth of 20cm. The fractions of heavy metals varied greatly in the surface sediment of Taihu lake Correlation analysis showed that Cr Ni Cu and Cd this 4 heavy metal elements have the extremely remarkable correlational dependence, possible to have the similar pollution origin. Acid volatile sulfide (AVS) and simultaneously extractable metal (SEM) analytic results showed that the concentration distribution of AVS and SEM has large differences, and SEMZn> SEMNi> SEMPb> SEMCu> SEMcd. From the toxicity point of view heavy metals in the surface sediments have potentially toxic to benthic organisms. The partitioning coefficient(Kp) of six heavy metals in sediments of Taihu Lake were:2.66×103,5.74×103,6.67×103,4.50×103, 0.96×103,10.87×103.With equilibrium partitioning approach and water quality criteria sediment quality guidelines for metals in Taihu lake were derived, which is basically situated between TEL and PEL.
This paper in connection with concentration characters of seven heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd and Pb) and BCR three stage sequential extraction procedure was applied to examine the speciation and concentration of six heavy metals(Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) in sediments of Taihu lake, combining the method of experimental analysis and theoretical analysis, study concentration characters, distribution characters, Chemical speciation and the concentration of AVS and SEM of heavy metals in the sediments and study its pollution assessment as the method of choosing the evaluation method which is based on heavy metal total concentration (enrichment coefficients method), AVS and SEM Ratio method, and Using Equilibrium-Partitioning Approach. The results indicated that, heavy metals concentrations in the sediments were significantly higher than the background values, a clear cumulative effect of these metals. Geostatistical analysis showed that there was moderate spatial self-correlation between heavy metals in the sediments from the studied area, which indicates that the spatial distribution of the heavy metal concentrations was influenced by human activities factors. The vertical distribution of total metal contents and their fractions decreased with depth and it is stable at the depth of 20cm. The fractions of heavy metals varied greatly in the surface sediment of Taihu lake Correlation analysis showed that Cr Ni Cu and Cd this 4 heavy metal elements have the extremely remarkable correlational dependence, possible to have the similar pollution origin. Acid volatile sulfide (AVS) and simultaneously extractable metal (SEM) analytic results showed that the concentration distribution of AVS and SEM has large differences, and SEMZn> SEMNi> SEMPb> SEMCu> SEMcd. From the toxicity point of view heavy metals in the surface sediments have potentially toxic to benthic organisms. The partitioning coefficient(Kp) of six heavy metals in sediments of Taihu Lake were:2.66×103,5.74×103,6.67×103,4.50×103, 0.96×103,10.87×103.With equilibrium partitioning approach and water quality criteria sediment quality guidelines for metals in Taihu lake were derived, which is basically situated between TEL and PEL.
引文
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