WASP5水质模型在平原河网区水环境模拟中的开发与应用
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摘要
本文以平原河网区水环境为研究对象，在现有的平原河网水质数学模型功能分析比较的基础上，结合平原河网水环境变化特征，选择了美国国家环保局环境研究实验室开发的WASP5系统作为平原河网水质模拟的基本工具；针对WASP5系统自带的DYNHYD5水动力模型功能的局限性，以及平原河网水力调控系统复杂的特征，选择了具有产汇流模拟、闸坝控制模拟及河网水流模拟等功能的三级联解平原河网水动力模型替代DYNHYD5。通过编程实现了三级联解平原河网水动力模型与WASP5水质模型的耦合，使之可以应用于平原河网水环境的模拟。
本论文主要研究内容有：
(1)比较系统的介绍了WASP5水质模型和三级联解河网水动力模型的原理、功能及特点。
(2)对WASP5水质模型进行了优化：并利用Visual C++平台建立了三级联解河网水动力模型和WASP5水质模型之间的耦合模型。
(3)结合苏州市水务局的“苏州市城市中心区河道引调水工程”课题，把研究成果运用到实际引调水工程中去。通过利用数学模型模拟引调水工程中不同实施方案下的环境效益和经济效益，为引调水工程实施方案的确定提供了理论依据。
本文的研究结果表明WASP5水质模型能够作为模拟平原河网地区水环境的重要工具。
This paper is focused on the water environment in plain river network areas. Based on the comparison between available water quality models for plain river network areas and the characteristics of water environment changes in these areas, WASP5 system developed by the Environment Research Laboratory of US EPA was selected as the basic simulation tool. It is found that the fundamental functions of hydrodynamic model DYNHYD5 in WASP5 is weak in these areas.Considering the complicated natural hydraulic regularity and controlling hydraulic works on these networks, the hydrodynamic model suited for plain river network areas was selected which has the functions of simulating runoff and confluence, dam and sluice control and current in network rivers etc. The idea of coupling the hydrodynamic model suited with the WASP5 water quality model is realized and a coupling model is created. The coupling model can properly simulate the water environment in plain river network areas.
The main contents discussed in this paper are as follows:
(1) The principles, functions and characteristics of WASP5 water quality model and three-cascade river network hydrodynamic model were introduced systematically.
(2) The WASP5 water quality model was optimized; a coupling model of three-cascade river network hydrodynamic model with WASP5 water quality model was developed based on the platform of Visual C++.
(3) The coupling model and the presented methods were applied to the water diversion simulating in the project, Water Diversion Project for Canals in Central Suzhou City, which is funded by the Suzhou Water Bureau. The environmental and economic benefits of different water diversion plans were compared using numerical simulation method, which provided theoretical references for selection of the executive plan.
The results achieved in this paper shows that WASP5 water quality model can be used as the significant tool to simulate the water environment in plain network areas.
本论文主要研究内容有：
(1)比较系统的介绍了WASP5水质模型和三级联解河网水动力模型的原理、功能及特点。
(2)对WASP5水质模型进行了优化：并利用Visual C++平台建立了三级联解河网水动力模型和WASP5水质模型之间的耦合模型。
(3)结合苏州市水务局的“苏州市城市中心区河道引调水工程”课题，把研究成果运用到实际引调水工程中去。通过利用数学模型模拟引调水工程中不同实施方案下的环境效益和经济效益，为引调水工程实施方案的确定提供了理论依据。
本文的研究结果表明WASP5水质模型能够作为模拟平原河网地区水环境的重要工具。
This paper is focused on the water environment in plain river network areas. Based on the comparison between available water quality models for plain river network areas and the characteristics of water environment changes in these areas, WASP5 system developed by the Environment Research Laboratory of US EPA was selected as the basic simulation tool. It is found that the fundamental functions of hydrodynamic model DYNHYD5 in WASP5 is weak in these areas.Considering the complicated natural hydraulic regularity and controlling hydraulic works on these networks, the hydrodynamic model suited for plain river network areas was selected which has the functions of simulating runoff and confluence, dam and sluice control and current in network rivers etc. The idea of coupling the hydrodynamic model suited with the WASP5 water quality model is realized and a coupling model is created. The coupling model can properly simulate the water environment in plain river network areas.
The main contents discussed in this paper are as follows:
(1) The principles, functions and characteristics of WASP5 water quality model and three-cascade river network hydrodynamic model were introduced systematically.
(2) The WASP5 water quality model was optimized; a coupling model of three-cascade river network hydrodynamic model with WASP5 water quality model was developed based on the platform of Visual C++.
(3) The coupling model and the presented methods were applied to the water diversion simulating in the project, Water Diversion Project for Canals in Central Suzhou City, which is funded by the Suzhou Water Bureau. The environmental and economic benefits of different water diversion plans were compared using numerical simulation method, which provided theoretical references for selection of the executive plan.
The results achieved in this paper shows that WASP5 water quality model can be used as the significant tool to simulate the water environment in plain network areas.
引文
[1]谢永明，环境水质模型概论，中国科学技术出版社，1996．3
[2]刘东胜等，城市水环境分析模型系统的国际化与本土化研究。世界地理研究，2001，10[4]，107-112
[3]傅国伟等，水污染控制系统规划，清华大学出版社，1985
[4]孙颖等，河流及水库水质模型与通用软件综述，1998，5(2)，7-9
[5]张书农，环境水力学，河海大学出版社，1988
[6]李炜主编，环境水力学进展，武汉水利电力大学出版社，1999
[7]褚君达等，河网水质模型及其数值模拟，河海大学学报，1992(1)：16-22
[8]Tim A W.Water quality analysis simulation program(WASP)version 6.0,draft:User's Manual[C].Region 4 Atlanta,GA,USEPA,MS Tetra Tech,Inc,2001
[9]谭浩强，C程序设计，清华大学出版社，1998．1
[10]Stanley B．Lippman, Essential C++，华中科技大学出版社，2001．10
[11]Gregory Satir,Doug Brown,C++:The Core Language, O'Reilly & Associates, Inc.1996
[12]Michael J.Young,Mastering Visual C++ 6.0,电子工业出版社, 2001.8
[13]Peter Norton,Rob McGregor,MFC开发Windows95/NT 4应用程序，清华大学出版社，1998.10
[14]Robert B.Ambrose,et al.The Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program,WASP5,Part A:Model Document, 1993.Enviroment Research Laboratory Athens,Georgia 30613
[15]Robert B.Ambrose,et al.The Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program, WASP5,Part B: Model The WASP5 Input Dataset, 1993. Enviroment Research Laboratory Athens,Georgia 30605
[16]O'Connor.D.J. and R.V.Thomann.1972.Water Quality Models:Chemical,Physical and Biological Constituents.In:Estuarine Modeling:An Assessment.EPA Water Pollution Control Research Series 16070 DZV, Section 702/71,102-169
[17]S.E.Jogensen, Mathematical Submodels in Water Quality Systems, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., (1989)
[18]Cover, A.P.1979.Selection the Proper Reaeration Coefficient for Use in Water Quality Models.Presented at the U.S.EPA Conference on Environmental Simulation Modeling, 1979.4,19-22.Cincirmati,Ohio
[19]O'Connor, D.J., Journal of Environmental Engineering,Vol. 109, No.9:731-752,(1983)
[20]王华东等，水环境污染概念，北京师范大学出版社，1984,10
[21]Bowie et al, Rates, Constants,and Kinetics Formulations in Surface Water Quality Modeling,Second Edition, U.S.Environmental Protection Agency Athens, 1985,GA.EPA-600/3-85-040
[22]李博等，生态学，高等教育出版社，2000
[23]Di Toro et al. 1971. A Dynamic Model of the Phytoplankton Population in the Sacramento San
Joaquin Delta.Adv.Chem.Ser. 106,Am.Chem.Soc.,
[24]Smith,R.A.The Theoretical Basis for Estimating Phytoplankton Production and Specific Growth Rate from Chlorophyll,Light and Temperature Data.Ecological.1985(10),243-264
[25]Gerald T. Orlob, Mathematical Modeling of Water Quality: Streams, Lakes, and Reservoirs, Pitman Press in Great Britain
[26]S.E.Jogensen, Mathematical Submodels in Water Quality Systems, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., 1989
[27]Riley, G.A. et al., Quantitative Ecology of the Plankton of the Western North Atlantic.Bull.Bingharn Oceanog.Coll, 1949,12(3):1-169
[28]汪德灌，计算水力学理论与应用，河海大学出版社，1989
[29]王船海等，实用河网水流计算，河海大学，2002．6
[30]L．谢利曼，一般任意网格有限差分法，华水科技情报。1985．4
[31]白玉川等，河网非恒定流数值模拟的研究进展，水利学报，2000(12)，43-47
[32]李岳生等，河网非恒定流隐式方程组的系数矩阵解法，中山大学学报，1977，3 27-37
[33]韩龙喜等，复杂河网非恒定流计算模型—单元划分法，水利学报，1994，2(2)，52-56
[34]金忠青等，一种新的平原河网水质模型—组合单元水质模型，水科学进展，1998．9(1)，35-40
[35]吴寿红，河网非恒定流四级解法，水利学报，1985，8，42-50
[36]张二骏等，河网非恒定流三级联合解法，华东水利学院学报，1982，1，1-12
[37]程文辉，太湖流域水文水动力数学模型及供水典型年计算，河海大学，1992，10
[38]郑孝宇等，河网非稳态水环境容量研究，水科学进展。1997[8]：1，24-31
[39]韩龙喜等，三角联解法水力水质模型的糙率反演及面污染源计算，水利学报，1998[7]，30-35
[40]金忠青等，复杂河网的水力计算及参数反问题。水动力学研究与进展，1998，13[3]，280-285
[41]Scott Meyers,Effective C++ 2nd Edition，华中科技大学出版社，2000．5
[42]黄宣伟编著，太湖流域规划与综合治理，中国水利水电出版杜，2000，12
[43]苏州水网水质改善综合治理工程研究，河海大学环境工程系，2001，12
[2]刘东胜等，城市水环境分析模型系统的国际化与本土化研究。世界地理研究，2001，10[4]，107-112
[3]傅国伟等，水污染控制系统规划，清华大学出版社，1985
[4]孙颖等，河流及水库水质模型与通用软件综述，1998，5(2)，7-9
[5]张书农，环境水力学，河海大学出版社，1988
[6]李炜主编，环境水力学进展，武汉水利电力大学出版社，1999
[7]褚君达等，河网水质模型及其数值模拟，河海大学学报，1992(1)：16-22
[8]Tim A W.Water quality analysis simulation program(WASP)version 6.0,draft:User's Manual[C].Region 4 Atlanta,GA,USEPA,MS Tetra Tech,Inc,2001
[9]谭浩强，C程序设计，清华大学出版社，1998．1
[10]Stanley B．Lippman, Essential C++，华中科技大学出版社，2001．10
[11]Gregory Satir,Doug Brown,C++:The Core Language, O'Reilly & Associates, Inc.1996
[12]Michael J.Young,Mastering Visual C++ 6.0,电子工业出版社, 2001.8
[13]Peter Norton,Rob McGregor,MFC开发Windows95/NT 4应用程序，清华大学出版社，1998.10
[14]Robert B.Ambrose,et al.The Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program,WASP5,Part A:Model Document, 1993.Enviroment Research Laboratory Athens,Georgia 30613
[15]Robert B.Ambrose,et al.The Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program, WASP5,Part B: Model The WASP5 Input Dataset, 1993. Enviroment Research Laboratory Athens,Georgia 30605
[16]O'Connor.D.J. and R.V.Thomann.1972.Water Quality Models:Chemical,Physical and Biological Constituents.In:Estuarine Modeling:An Assessment.EPA Water Pollution Control Research Series 16070 DZV, Section 702/71,102-169
[17]S.E.Jogensen, Mathematical Submodels in Water Quality Systems, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., (1989)
[18]Cover, A.P.1979.Selection the Proper Reaeration Coefficient for Use in Water Quality Models.Presented at the U.S.EPA Conference on Environmental Simulation Modeling, 1979.4,19-22.Cincirmati,Ohio
[19]O'Connor, D.J., Journal of Environmental Engineering,Vol. 109, No.9:731-752,(1983)
[20]王华东等，水环境污染概念，北京师范大学出版社，1984,10
[21]Bowie et al, Rates, Constants,and Kinetics Formulations in Surface Water Quality Modeling,Second Edition, U.S.Environmental Protection Agency Athens, 1985,GA.EPA-600/3-85-040
[22]李博等，生态学，高等教育出版社，2000
[23]Di Toro et al. 1971. A Dynamic Model of the Phytoplankton Population in the Sacramento San
Joaquin Delta.Adv.Chem.Ser. 106,Am.Chem.Soc.,
[24]Smith,R.A.The Theoretical Basis for Estimating Phytoplankton Production and Specific Growth Rate from Chlorophyll,Light and Temperature Data.Ecological.1985(10),243-264
[25]Gerald T. Orlob, Mathematical Modeling of Water Quality: Streams, Lakes, and Reservoirs, Pitman Press in Great Britain
[26]S.E.Jogensen, Mathematical Submodels in Water Quality Systems, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., 1989
[27]Riley, G.A. et al., Quantitative Ecology of the Plankton of the Western North Atlantic.Bull.Bingharn Oceanog.Coll, 1949,12(3):1-169
[28]汪德灌，计算水力学理论与应用，河海大学出版社，1989
[29]王船海等，实用河网水流计算，河海大学，2002．6
[30]L．谢利曼，一般任意网格有限差分法，华水科技情报。1985．4
[31]白玉川等，河网非恒定流数值模拟的研究进展，水利学报，2000(12)，43-47
[32]李岳生等，河网非恒定流隐式方程组的系数矩阵解法，中山大学学报，1977，3 27-37
[33]韩龙喜等，复杂河网非恒定流计算模型—单元划分法，水利学报，1994，2(2)，52-56
[34]金忠青等，一种新的平原河网水质模型—组合单元水质模型，水科学进展，1998．9(1)，35-40
[35]吴寿红，河网非恒定流四级解法，水利学报，1985，8，42-50
[36]张二骏等，河网非恒定流三级联合解法，华东水利学院学报，1982，1，1-12
[37]程文辉，太湖流域水文水动力数学模型及供水典型年计算，河海大学，1992，10
[38]郑孝宇等，河网非稳态水环境容量研究，水科学进展。1997[8]：1，24-31
[39]韩龙喜等，三角联解法水力水质模型的糙率反演及面污染源计算，水利学报，1998[7]，30-35
[40]金忠青等，复杂河网的水力计算及参数反问题。水动力学研究与进展，1998，13[3]，280-285
[41]Scott Meyers,Effective C++ 2nd Edition，华中科技大学出版社，2000．5
[42]黄宣伟编著，太湖流域规划与综合治理，中国水利水电出版杜，2000，12
[43]苏州水网水质改善综合治理工程研究，河海大学环境工程系，2001，12