活性污泥法脱氮除磷工艺的优化设计研究
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摘要
活性污泥数学模型作为一种强有力的工具已经被国外在污水处理厂的管理和改造、新建污水厂设计方案的模拟和优化等领域广泛应用,而我国在实际工艺设计中常是依据经验来设计,设计中往往存在参数数据有限或是污水处理厂实际数据无法得到,从而使得工艺的设计带有一定的盲目性,很难进行工艺的最优化选择,本课题的目的是利用活性污泥数学模型对城市污水厂脱氮除磷工艺进行优化设计,使设计结果在满足出水要求的前提下,进一步降低基建费用和运行费用,用理论指导实践,提高城市污水处理厂运行效率。
首先,利用ASM2D模型为平台,在WEST软件环境下构建A2O污水处理工艺的仿真模型,并在参数灵敏度分析的基础上对模型进行校正,使其可以应用于实际污水厂模拟,然后利用校正模型对混合液回流比、DO和污泥龄三个工艺运行参数进行优化研究,研究结果认为,上述三个运行参数在设计参数值基础上仍然具有一定的优化空间。
其次,对活性污泥工艺三种设计方法——传统设计方法、试算法和优化法进行了论述,并对污水处理系统优化设计模型进行了重点阐述,分别从模型主体、目标函数和约束条件三个部分对优化模型进行了构建、并利用优化模型中的总费用函数对三种设计结果进行评价,结果表明,A、B污水处理厂采用优化法相对于传统设计方法分别要节省1971.94万元和2095.72,费用节省比率达到11.83%和22.83%;优化设计方法相对于试算法要节省911.11万元和1292.96万元,费用节省比率达到5.84%和15.43%。
最后,对优化模型中的各种参数进行了灵敏度分析,了解它们的取值对优化设计结果的影响,分析结果表明,不同种类的参数的灵敏度差别很大,其中目标函数中参数对结果影响最大,最大灵敏度达到-99.02%,其次是进水组分,最大灵敏度达到16.06%,不同设计标准对系统总费用有着重要的影响,随着排放标准的下降,系统的总费用也随之减少,减少的额度分别达到917.46万元和625.91万元。
Activated sludge mathematical model has been widely utilized as a powerful tool in the management and rebuilt of wastewater treatment plants and simulation and optimization for design programmes of newly built wastewater treatment plant overseas. However, in China the actual design process is often based on experience data, and there always are problems that design parameter data are limited or actual data of wastewater treatment plants are not available, as a result the design process are carried out under a certain blindness and are difficult to optimize. The purpose of this paper was utilizing activated sludge mathematical model to optimize design of nitrogen and phosphorus removal in urban sewage plant. Under the premise of meeting the requirements to standards of the effluent, the design results would reduce the costs of infrastructure and operating, apply theory to guide practice, enhance the efficiency of urban sewage treatment plant.
At first, utilizing study platform ASM2D to constitute A2O sewage treatment process simulation mode and calibrate it at the base of parameter sensitivity analysis, then three operation parameters—return ratio of supernatant fluid, DO and SRT—are researched with calibrated model, as a result these parameters may be adjusted in relation to design data.
Secondly, this article gave a detailed demonstration of how to constitute a sewage treatment system optimum design model made of target function,mainbody and restriction conditions ,and three design method—the tradtional activied sludge process design method, the test method and the optimization algorithms methods—were evaluated by use of targe function of optimum model, The results showed that, A, B sewage treatment plant designed with optimization method save 19.7194 million yuan for traditional design methods respectively, and 2095.72, cost savings rate of 11.83% and 22.83%, optimization of the design method for the test algorithm to save 9111100 yuan and 1292.96 million, cost savings rate of 5.84% and 15.43%.
Finally, analysing the sensitivity of the parameters in optimum model and acquiring its influence to results of optimum design as a result that the the sensitivity of different types of parameters varies greatly: the parameters of the objective function have the greatest impact on design results, the greatest sensitivity to -99.02 per cent, followed by influent components, to achieve maximum sensitivity of 16.06%, different design standards for the total cost of the system have an important impact, with the decline in emission standards, the total cost also will be reduced by the amount of 9.1746 million yuan, respectively, and 6.2591 million yuan.
首先,利用ASM2D模型为平台,在WEST软件环境下构建A2O污水处理工艺的仿真模型,并在参数灵敏度分析的基础上对模型进行校正,使其可以应用于实际污水厂模拟,然后利用校正模型对混合液回流比、DO和污泥龄三个工艺运行参数进行优化研究,研究结果认为,上述三个运行参数在设计参数值基础上仍然具有一定的优化空间。
其次,对活性污泥工艺三种设计方法——传统设计方法、试算法和优化法进行了论述,并对污水处理系统优化设计模型进行了重点阐述,分别从模型主体、目标函数和约束条件三个部分对优化模型进行了构建、并利用优化模型中的总费用函数对三种设计结果进行评价,结果表明,A、B污水处理厂采用优化法相对于传统设计方法分别要节省1971.94万元和2095.72,费用节省比率达到11.83%和22.83%;优化设计方法相对于试算法要节省911.11万元和1292.96万元,费用节省比率达到5.84%和15.43%。
最后,对优化模型中的各种参数进行了灵敏度分析,了解它们的取值对优化设计结果的影响,分析结果表明,不同种类的参数的灵敏度差别很大,其中目标函数中参数对结果影响最大,最大灵敏度达到-99.02%,其次是进水组分,最大灵敏度达到16.06%,不同设计标准对系统总费用有着重要的影响,随着排放标准的下降,系统的总费用也随之减少,减少的额度分别达到917.46万元和625.91万元。
Activated sludge mathematical model has been widely utilized as a powerful tool in the management and rebuilt of wastewater treatment plants and simulation and optimization for design programmes of newly built wastewater treatment plant overseas. However, in China the actual design process is often based on experience data, and there always are problems that design parameter data are limited or actual data of wastewater treatment plants are not available, as a result the design process are carried out under a certain blindness and are difficult to optimize. The purpose of this paper was utilizing activated sludge mathematical model to optimize design of nitrogen and phosphorus removal in urban sewage plant. Under the premise of meeting the requirements to standards of the effluent, the design results would reduce the costs of infrastructure and operating, apply theory to guide practice, enhance the efficiency of urban sewage treatment plant.
At first, utilizing study platform ASM2D to constitute A2O sewage treatment process simulation mode and calibrate it at the base of parameter sensitivity analysis, then three operation parameters—return ratio of supernatant fluid, DO and SRT—are researched with calibrated model, as a result these parameters may be adjusted in relation to design data.
Secondly, this article gave a detailed demonstration of how to constitute a sewage treatment system optimum design model made of target function,mainbody and restriction conditions ,and three design method—the tradtional activied sludge process design method, the test method and the optimization algorithms methods—were evaluated by use of targe function of optimum model, The results showed that, A, B sewage treatment plant designed with optimization method save 19.7194 million yuan for traditional design methods respectively, and 2095.72, cost savings rate of 11.83% and 22.83%, optimization of the design method for the test algorithm to save 9111100 yuan and 1292.96 million, cost savings rate of 5.84% and 15.43%.
Finally, analysing the sensitivity of the parameters in optimum model and acquiring its influence to results of optimum design as a result that the the sensitivity of different types of parameters varies greatly: the parameters of the objective function have the greatest impact on design results, the greatest sensitivity to -99.02 per cent, followed by influent components, to achieve maximum sensitivity of 16.06%, different design standards for the total cost of the system have an important impact, with the decline in emission standards, the total cost also will be reduced by the amount of 9.1746 million yuan, respectively, and 6.2591 million yuan.
引文
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[2]Ekama G A,Dold P L,Marais G v R.Procedures for determining influent COD fraction and the maximum specific growth rate of heterotrophs in activated sludge system[J].Wat Sci Tech,1986,18(6):91-114.
[3]Spanjers H,Olsson G,Klapwijk A.Determining influent short-term biochemical oxygen demand and respiration rate in an aeration tank by using respirometry and estimation[J].Wat Res,1994,28:1571-1583.
[4]Lukasse L J S,Keesman K J,van Straten G.Estimation of BODst,respiration rate and kinetics of activated sludge[J].Wat Res,1997,31:2278-2286.
[5]Wentzel M C,Mbewe A,Ekama G A.Batch test for measurement of readily biodegradable COD and active organism concentration in municipal wastewater[J].Wate SA,1995,21(2):117-124.
[6]Veldhuizen H.M.V.,van Loosdrecht M.C.M.and Heijnen J.J.Modelling biological phosphorus and nitrogen removal in a full scale activated sludge process[J].Wat.Res.,1999,33(16):3459-3468.
[7]Koch G,et a.(2000).Calibration and validation of activated sludge model No.3 for Swiss municipal wastewater,Wat.Res,34(14),P3580.
[8]Koch G,et al(2001).Calibration and validation of an ASM3-based steady state model for activated sludge systems PartI:prediction of phosphorus removal,Wat.Res,35(9),P2246.
[9]Furumai,Hiroaki,Kazmi,Absar A,et al..Modelling long term nutrient removal in a sequencing batch reactor.Wat.Sci.Tech.l999,33(11):2708-2714
[10]朱石清,唐建国,周骅.美国South Bermuda污水厂的升级改造.中国给水排水,2006,Vol 22(4):31-33
[11]Veldhuizen H.M.V.,van Loosdrecht M.C.M.and Heijnen J.J.Modelling biological phosphorus and nitrogen removal in a full scale activated sludge process[J].Wat.Res.,1999,33(16):3459-3468.
[12]Cinar,Ozer,Daigger,Glen T,Graef,StepHen P.Evaluation of IAWQ Activated Sludge Model No.2 using steady-state data from four full-scale wastewater treatment plants.Wat.Env.Res..1998,70(6):1216-1224;
[13]Carucci,A.Rolle,E.Smurra,P..Management optimization of a large wastewater treatment plants.Wat.Sci.Tech..1999,3 9(4):129-136
[14]Meyer,UPopel,H.J..Fuzzy-control for improved nitrogen removal and energy saving in WWT-plants with pre-denitrification Wat.Sci.Tech.2003,47(11):69-76;
[15]周雪飞.活性污泥1号模型(ASM1)水质特性参数研究[博士后出站报告].上海:同济大学环境科学与工程学院,2003.
[16]甘立军.活性污泥1号模型(ASM1)水质特性参数测定研究[硕士学位论文].上海:同济大学环境科学与工程学院,2003.
[17]周雪飞.活性污泥数学模型中异氧菌产率系数测定方法的研究.环境污染与防治,2006,Vol.28(7):493-495
[18]甘立军,刘建勇,顾国维等.ASM1中化学计量系数的测定与计算。中国给水排水,2003,Vol.19(1):79-81
[19]顾雪峰.ASM2号模型有机物组分的测定研究[硕士学位论文].上海:同济大学环境科学与工程学院,2005
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