火电厂水平衡试验与废水零排放研究
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摘要
当今世界正面临着严重水资源短缺的问题,正确处理火电厂的用水和废水对节水工作有着重要的意义。本文通过对火电厂零排放工作的总结,提出适合我国火电厂的废水零排放工艺。废水零排放工艺主要有:提高冷却水系统的浓缩倍率,减少冷却系统的排水;回收循环系统排污水;实施干冲灰的改造;发展脱硫废水处理工艺;优化系统运行状况。
华北某电厂共有八台300MW机组,水源全部为地下水。本文对该发电厂的用水和排水水量进行详细的测试,绘制出全厂的水平衡图。评价各用水系统用水状况。在水量测试过程中,针对水塔的特点,设计试验对其不同时间段、不同负荷条件下蒸发损失和风吹损失进行测试。为水务管理和实际运行提供了资料指导。
通过循环水中试试验,电化学和动态挂片,对高效阻垢缓蚀剂进行研究,选用安全可靠的阻垢缓蚀剂实现浓缩倍率达到4.0,并对运行状态进行评估。最终根据该电厂的实际情况,发展计划和试验数据,提供干除灰改造和脱硫岛建设后用水、排水情况,设计合理水处理单元,实现最终的零排放方案。
With the serious lack of the water resources, the suitable treatment of fresh and wastewater in the power plants is significative of saving water. The paper reviews the zero discharge and give a conclusion. At the same time, some personal ideas was gave for our country. The major ways in processing zero discharge: increasing the concentrate ratio of the cooling system, and decreasing drain; reusing the wastewater of the cooling system; rebuild the ash-sluicing system; developing the technics for the desulfurization wastewater; optimizing technology of water system operation.
The Power plant has eight unit of 300MW, which completely used underground water. The research gives the detailed data about use and release water in the power plant. According it, the balance of water are clear, followed by estimation of all kinds of sub-system. We attempt a testing for the vaporization and leakage of cooling system in different time and generate electricity load. The results have a great effort for water management and practice function.
We choose some corrosion inhibitor and antisludging agent to obtain concentrate radio of 4.Weighe-lost method, electrochemical test was used in medium sized experimentation. At the base of the future plan of the power plant and the data we have got, a serious of program suggested in order to carry out the zero discharge plan. Zero discharge system of wastewater is a relative complex system engineering in managing otiose run,give off, the leakage lose etc. It is only a short study under the existing technical situations.
华北某电厂共有八台300MW机组,水源全部为地下水。本文对该发电厂的用水和排水水量进行详细的测试,绘制出全厂的水平衡图。评价各用水系统用水状况。在水量测试过程中,针对水塔的特点,设计试验对其不同时间段、不同负荷条件下蒸发损失和风吹损失进行测试。为水务管理和实际运行提供了资料指导。
通过循环水中试试验,电化学和动态挂片,对高效阻垢缓蚀剂进行研究,选用安全可靠的阻垢缓蚀剂实现浓缩倍率达到4.0,并对运行状态进行评估。最终根据该电厂的实际情况,发展计划和试验数据,提供干除灰改造和脱硫岛建设后用水、排水情况,设计合理水处理单元,实现最终的零排放方案。
With the serious lack of the water resources, the suitable treatment of fresh and wastewater in the power plants is significative of saving water. The paper reviews the zero discharge and give a conclusion. At the same time, some personal ideas was gave for our country. The major ways in processing zero discharge: increasing the concentrate ratio of the cooling system, and decreasing drain; reusing the wastewater of the cooling system; rebuild the ash-sluicing system; developing the technics for the desulfurization wastewater; optimizing technology of water system operation.
The Power plant has eight unit of 300MW, which completely used underground water. The research gives the detailed data about use and release water in the power plant. According it, the balance of water are clear, followed by estimation of all kinds of sub-system. We attempt a testing for the vaporization and leakage of cooling system in different time and generate electricity load. The results have a great effort for water management and practice function.
We choose some corrosion inhibitor and antisludging agent to obtain concentrate radio of 4.Weighe-lost method, electrochemical test was used in medium sized experimentation. At the base of the future plan of the power plant and the data we have got, a serious of program suggested in order to carry out the zero discharge plan. Zero discharge system of wastewater is a relative complex system engineering in managing otiose run,give off, the leakage lose etc. It is only a short study under the existing technical situations.
引文
[1].刘昌明,陈志凯.中国水资源现状评价和供需发展趋势分析.北京:中国水利电力出版社,2001.
[2].刘正海等.火电厂节能与指标管理技术手册.北京:中国电力出版社,2006.
[3].李培江,张克峰等.工业水处理与回收利用.北京:化学工业出版社,2001.
[4].刘汝义,黄玉坤.发电厂用水和节水.水利电力出版社,1990.
[5].刘希波.火电厂水务管理.北京;中国电力出版社,1998.
[6].王佩章.关于火力发电厂节水评价指标的初探.山西电力,2002(3):21-23
[7].王翔,王佩章.燃煤电厂耗水指标和节水技术措施.华北电力技术,1996(5):21-30.
[8].虞见思.澳大利亚火电厂的水务管理和“零排放”系统[J]EPC.1999,10(11):58-62
[9].荣幼澧译.发电厂零排放工艺的新成就[J].华东电力.2003,6:84-85.
[10].Lesfer Webb,Kenneth Weiss.True Zero Discharge:Water and Wastewater Design Considerations.Power Engineering,1989,93(7)
[11].Tom Elliott.Develop Monitoring Plan for Zero Discharge Power Ptant.Power,1989,133(10)
[12].Boger Jorden,John Manlbetch Zero—Discharge Concept Grapples with Reality.Power,1982,126(6)
[13].Hugh J.Martin,Gary R.Miller.A Zero Discharge Steam Electric Power Generating Station.JAWWA,1986,(5)
[14].倪定.嘉兴电厂工业废水零排放工程[J].华东电力.2005,33(2):23-27.
[15].朱远海,钱丽琳.神头第二发电厂废水零排放工程实施可行性研究[J].电力环境保护.1999,15(2):7-10.
[16].郝强.太原第一热电厂废水零排放系统[J].山西电力.2001,6:7-9.
[17].张福常,杨培育.西柏坡电厂废水零排放工程的设计与实施[J].电力建设.2001,22(1):23-27.
[18].朱江.湘潭火电厂实施废水零排放措施[J].水利电力劳动保护.2001,4:16-17.
[19].毛幻华,苗学舜.江西萍乡发电厂水平衡调查研究[J].环境与开发2001,16(2):50-51.
[20].王家生,黄种买,易赛莉等.大同热电有限责任公司废水零排放工艺研究[J].电力环境保护2002,18(2):21-24.
[21].王乐云,赵琦.彭城电厂废水零排放的实施及问题探讨[J]。电力环境保护2002,18(3):27-29.
[22].柳江华.盘电I期输煤系统污水治理实现零排放[J].贵州电力技术2003,3:27-28.
[23].孙立忠,冀玉春,吕琳.北票发电厂废水零排放系统的设计与实现[J].东北电力技 术.2003,11:49-51
[24]关维竹,陈泽萍.华北电力集团公司直属发电厂用水和废水治理情况分析.华北电力技术.1999(11):14-16
[25]杨旭中.燃煤电厂脱硫装置.北京:中国电力出版社,2006.
[26]周至祥,段建中,薛建明.火电厂湿法烟气脱硫技术手册.北京:中国电力出版社,2006.
[27]西北电力设计院.电力工程水务设计手册.北京:中国电力出版社2005.
[28]潘娟琴,李建华,胡将军.火力发电厂烟气脱硫废水处理.工业水处理.2005,25(9):5-7.
[29]Fowlkes C C.Corrosion rates to be expected at zero blowdown of recirculating water[J].Materials Performance,1974,13(10):26-30.
[30]Matson J V,Harris T G.Zero discharge of cooling water by sidestream softening[J].Journal WPCF,1979,51(11):2602-2614.
[31]Batchelor B,McDevit M.An innovative process for treating recycled cooling water[J].Journal WPCF,1984,56(10):1110-1117.
[32]Batchelor B,Lasala M B,McDevit M,et al.Technical and economical feasibility of ultra-high lime treatment of recycled cooling water[J].Journal WPCF,1991,53(7):982-990.
[33]Abdel-Wahab A I A.The Ultra-high Lime with Aluminum Process for Removing Chloride from Recirculating Cooling Water[D].Texas A&M University,2003.
[34]Sheldon D S.Removing Suspended Solids from Water for Utility and Industrial Steam Generation[J].Power,1981,125(6):S1-S16.
[35]Sheldon D S,Paul R P.Cooling-Water Treatment for Control of Scaling,Fouling,Corrosion [J].Power,1988,132(6):S1-S23.
[36]罗基煌.利用旁流软化法降低冷却水系统排放水量、提升用水效率[C].台湾:合理用水与造水技术研讨会,1997:327-337.《未完成》
[37].安洪光,崔连军,赵哲军.循环水实现自动补排水的探讨和应用.华北电力技术,2004,9:20-24
[38].高华生.工业循环冷却水旁流软化—净化处理技术进展.工业水处理,2007,27(6):1-5
[39].沙中魁,谢长血,李杰.火电厂循环水排污水的回收应用,2001,22(8):50-53
[40]苏金坡.超滤、反渗透技术在电厂循环冷却排污水的应用研究.华北电力大学,2004
[41].莫丽萍.双膜法回用电厂循环冷却水排污水的研究.华北电力大学,2004
[42].孙巍.反渗透水处理技术的试验研究.大连理工大学,2006
[43].居文平,朱立彤。火电厂水系统运行优化技术,2006中国电机工程学会年会论文集:754-75
[44]胡将军,薛非,李英柳,等.脱硫废水处理试验研究[J].环境保护科学,2002.28(10):11-13.
[2].刘正海等.火电厂节能与指标管理技术手册.北京:中国电力出版社,2006.
[3].李培江,张克峰等.工业水处理与回收利用.北京:化学工业出版社,2001.
[4].刘汝义,黄玉坤.发电厂用水和节水.水利电力出版社,1990.
[5].刘希波.火电厂水务管理.北京;中国电力出版社,1998.
[6].王佩章.关于火力发电厂节水评价指标的初探.山西电力,2002(3):21-23
[7].王翔,王佩章.燃煤电厂耗水指标和节水技术措施.华北电力技术,1996(5):21-30.
[8].虞见思.澳大利亚火电厂的水务管理和“零排放”系统[J]EPC.1999,10(11):58-62
[9].荣幼澧译.发电厂零排放工艺的新成就[J].华东电力.2003,6:84-85.
[10].Lesfer Webb,Kenneth Weiss.True Zero Discharge:Water and Wastewater Design Considerations.Power Engineering,1989,93(7)
[11].Tom Elliott.Develop Monitoring Plan for Zero Discharge Power Ptant.Power,1989,133(10)
[12].Boger Jorden,John Manlbetch Zero—Discharge Concept Grapples with Reality.Power,1982,126(6)
[13].Hugh J.Martin,Gary R.Miller.A Zero Discharge Steam Electric Power Generating Station.JAWWA,1986,(5)
[14].倪定.嘉兴电厂工业废水零排放工程[J].华东电力.2005,33(2):23-27.
[15].朱远海,钱丽琳.神头第二发电厂废水零排放工程实施可行性研究[J].电力环境保护.1999,15(2):7-10.
[16].郝强.太原第一热电厂废水零排放系统[J].山西电力.2001,6:7-9.
[17].张福常,杨培育.西柏坡电厂废水零排放工程的设计与实施[J].电力建设.2001,22(1):23-27.
[18].朱江.湘潭火电厂实施废水零排放措施[J].水利电力劳动保护.2001,4:16-17.
[19].毛幻华,苗学舜.江西萍乡发电厂水平衡调查研究[J].环境与开发2001,16(2):50-51.
[20].王家生,黄种买,易赛莉等.大同热电有限责任公司废水零排放工艺研究[J].电力环境保护2002,18(2):21-24.
[21].王乐云,赵琦.彭城电厂废水零排放的实施及问题探讨[J]。电力环境保护2002,18(3):27-29.
[22].柳江华.盘电I期输煤系统污水治理实现零排放[J].贵州电力技术2003,3:27-28.
[23].孙立忠,冀玉春,吕琳.北票发电厂废水零排放系统的设计与实现[J].东北电力技 术.2003,11:49-51
[24]关维竹,陈泽萍.华北电力集团公司直属发电厂用水和废水治理情况分析.华北电力技术.1999(11):14-16
[25]杨旭中.燃煤电厂脱硫装置.北京:中国电力出版社,2006.
[26]周至祥,段建中,薛建明.火电厂湿法烟气脱硫技术手册.北京:中国电力出版社,2006.
[27]西北电力设计院.电力工程水务设计手册.北京:中国电力出版社2005.
[28]潘娟琴,李建华,胡将军.火力发电厂烟气脱硫废水处理.工业水处理.2005,25(9):5-7.
[29]Fowlkes C C.Corrosion rates to be expected at zero blowdown of recirculating water[J].Materials Performance,1974,13(10):26-30.
[30]Matson J V,Harris T G.Zero discharge of cooling water by sidestream softening[J].Journal WPCF,1979,51(11):2602-2614.
[31]Batchelor B,McDevit M.An innovative process for treating recycled cooling water[J].Journal WPCF,1984,56(10):1110-1117.
[32]Batchelor B,Lasala M B,McDevit M,et al.Technical and economical feasibility of ultra-high lime treatment of recycled cooling water[J].Journal WPCF,1991,53(7):982-990.
[33]Abdel-Wahab A I A.The Ultra-high Lime with Aluminum Process for Removing Chloride from Recirculating Cooling Water[D].Texas A&M University,2003.
[34]Sheldon D S.Removing Suspended Solids from Water for Utility and Industrial Steam Generation[J].Power,1981,125(6):S1-S16.
[35]Sheldon D S,Paul R P.Cooling-Water Treatment for Control of Scaling,Fouling,Corrosion [J].Power,1988,132(6):S1-S23.
[36]罗基煌.利用旁流软化法降低冷却水系统排放水量、提升用水效率[C].台湾:合理用水与造水技术研讨会,1997:327-337.《未完成》
[37].安洪光,崔连军,赵哲军.循环水实现自动补排水的探讨和应用.华北电力技术,2004,9:20-24
[38].高华生.工业循环冷却水旁流软化—净化处理技术进展.工业水处理,2007,27(6):1-5
[39].沙中魁,谢长血,李杰.火电厂循环水排污水的回收应用,2001,22(8):50-53
[40]苏金坡.超滤、反渗透技术在电厂循环冷却排污水的应用研究.华北电力大学,2004
[41].莫丽萍.双膜法回用电厂循环冷却水排污水的研究.华北电力大学,2004
[42].孙巍.反渗透水处理技术的试验研究.大连理工大学,2006
[43].居文平,朱立彤。火电厂水系统运行优化技术,2006中国电机工程学会年会论文集:754-75
[44]胡将军,薛非,李英柳,等.脱硫废水处理试验研究[J].环境保护科学,2002.28(10):11-13.