流域水污染控制规划SEA
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摘要
规划环境影响评价是战略环境评价在规划层次上的应用,是对规划实施后可能造成的环境影响进行分析、预测和评估,提出预防或者减轻不良环境影响的对策和措施,并进行跟踪监测的方法与制度。近年来,欧洲和北美国家开展了大量的战略环境影响评价(Strategic Environmental Assessment,SEA)实例研究,各国实践经验的丰富又对SEA相关理论和方法学提出了更高的要求。2003年9月1日颁布《中华人民共和国环境影响评价法》为规划评价的实施提供了法律依据,但我国现阶段的SEA理论方法和应用研究尚处于起步阶段。本论文选择流域水污染控制规划为研究对象,在分析和掌握国内外战略环境评价研究进展的基础上,根据中国规划SEA的发展需要,在规划SEA的理论体系、技术方法及实例应用等方面进行了探讨性研究,主要是针对规划层次上的环境影响从源头和过程的控制,通过对规划实施后资源环境承载能力的分析、预测和评价,提出预防或者减缓不良环境影响的对策和措施,从而实现控制环境污染。以期进一步完善我国规划环境影响评价理论体系和技术方法,为我国“一地、三域、十个专项”规划环境影响评价的全面实施与研究提供借鉴。
     论文的主要内容有:
     一、介绍论文的选题背景和选题意义;在回顾和总结国内外SEA研究与实践进展的基础上,提出中国SEA在技术方法上存在的主要问题;分析论述了开展流域水污染控制规划的必要性和可行性。
     二、分析论述适合流域水污染控制规划SEA的理论体系的构建,可持续发展理论、系统工程理论、生态系统理论、流域生态学理论以及环境承载力重要思想与理论精华对SEA的全面指导作用。
     三、研究了开展流域水污染控制规划战略环境评价的基本原则、工作程序包括战略分析、环境状况描述、环境影响识别、评价指标体系、环境影响预测与综合评价、战略替代方案及战略环境影响减缓措施等。
     四、对战略环境影响的识别、战略及替代方案环境影响的分析评价与预测以及战略环境影响综合评价的技术方法进行分类描述和分析,及其在战略环境评价的应用。
     五、第五、六章为实证研究。以巢湖流域水污染控制的战略环境评价为例,依据上述的理论和方法,通过规划分析、环境影响识别、建立战略环境影响评价指标体系、战略环境影响预测与综合评价对巢湖流域“九五”和“十五”水污染控制规划的执行效果进行了回顾性评价,并且对巢湖流域“十一五”水污染控制规划的三个替代方案进行预测性评价,最终筛选出技术合理、经济可行,可实施性强的的替代方案。为保证方案的实施,本文还提出了技术可行经济合理的保障措施。
Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) of planning is one category of SEA. Planning SEA is a formal, synthetic and systematic process to appraisal the environmental impacts of planning and its alternatives. The ultimately object of carrying out planning SEA is to ensure the assessing conclusions and environmental consequences are integrated into strategic decision-making process. Some European and North American countries have made a lot of case studies of SEA and accumulated much experience, which requires further research on SEA related theory and methodology. The "Environmental Impact Assessment Law of People's Republic of China" which was announced in September 1, 2003 has provided a legislation required for planning assessment. But the study on the theories system, technique method and application of planning SEA in China is just at beginning. According to the development demand of planning SEA in China, Watershed Water Pollution Control Plan (WWPCP) is selected as study object in this study. The WWPCP SEA is mainly aim at the environment impact of planning and to carry out the environmental pollution control from source and processes at present by put forward the measure of prevention or deceleration of environment impact based on the analysis, predict and evaluate of the carrying ability of resources and environment. On the basis of analyzing and knowing progress of SEA domestic and overseas and in order to perfect theories system of plan SEA and provide some experience for implementing and researching plan environmental impact assessment in China, such as one land use plan, three area plans, and ten special plans, theories system, technique methods and examples are studied exploring.
     The main contents of this thesis are as follows:
     1. Background and sense of thesis selection are summarized. Domestic-and-oversea study progress of SEA is reviewed and concluded. And development character is introduced. Put forward the key problems on technique method that existing in Chinese SEA. And analyzed the necessity and practicable of implement watershed water pollution control planning SEA in China.
     2. The theories system of watershed water pollution control planning are analyzed and discussed, including integration and intersection of the theory system, such as sustainable development theory, systematic engineering theory, eco-system theory, watershed ecology theory and environmental bearing capacity theory, and guidance to SEA from some important idea and essential.
     3. The general principle and procedures for watershed water pollution control planning are studied and presented in this thesis. And main contents including background investigation, the strategic analysis, the environmental issues scope, preliminarily identification of environmental indicators, the screening and complement of SEA indicator, establishing assessment criteria and indicator system, predicting and assessing strategic environmental impacts, sifting of assessed strategies and mitigation measures if strategies modification is necessary.
     4. Mapping and analyzing project EIA and economic technique and method, this paper believes that some EIA methods, such as checklists, matrices, or mathematic mode can be applied to planning SEA. And some economics method such as input-output analysis, investment and benefit analysis can also be used to planning SEA. And new approaches such as expert and GIS should be applied in planning SEA. And technique and method in planning SEA environmental issues scope, predicting and assessing strategic environmental impacts are classified and analyzed.
     5. Chapter 5 and chapter 6, the author makes a case study of SEA on watershed water pollution control planning of Chaohu Lake. In accordance with the theory, method procedure and principles above, in chapter 5 the author assessing the Ninth-Five,Year and Tenth-Five-Year watershed water pollution control planning of Chaohu Lake by means of these indicators. And the actual stratigic results of the two plans are given. In chapter 6 the Eleventh-Five-Year watershed water pollution control planning of Chaohu Lake was assessed during the process of the planning preparing. Three designed projects programme and three alternative projects programme were evaluated. The assessment result shows that alternative 3 is the appropriate solution. To guarantee the implementation of the alternative projects programme, the support measures are also brought forward.
     6. Finally, summarizing the above chapter and give brief conclusion.
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