区间机会约束线性优化模型应用于白洋淀的水质管理
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摘要
本文开发了一个区间参数机会约束线性优化模型(ICLP)规划不确定条件下的水质管理系统。ICLP结合了机会约束规划方法和区间线性规划方法。模型是一个综合的区间优化体系,体系内参数的不确定性表现为概率分布函数和区间数值两种类型。这种方法被应用于白洋淀的一个长期的水质管理系统中(模型可表示为BLICLP), BLICLP可以在不同违反环境约束风险的水平下产生一系列解,即区间解；同时为决策者提供各种决策选择。本文的研究结果表明开发的BLICLP模型不仅能够帮助决策者根据各种经济和水环境污染物容量对系统稳定性的约束选择正确的决策方案,而且能够产生一个使系统综合效益最大化的土地分配方案和行业规模分配方案。本文开发的模型是一个用来权衡经济效益,环境约束违背风险以及在流域级别的水质管理三者关系的有用的分析工具。
In the study, an interval-parameter chance-constrained linear programming (ICLP) model is developed for planning water quality under uncertainties. The ICLP model is based on an integration of chance-constrained programming (CCP) and interval linear programming (ILP) techniques. Uncertainties expressed as both probability distribution functions and interval values are incorporated within a general interval-optimization framework. The developed method is applied to the long-term water quality management in the Baiyangdian Lake (BLICLP). Interval solutions associated with different risk levels of constraint violation were obtained, which could be used for generating decision alternatives. The results demonstrated that the developed method not only helped decision makers identify desired policies under various economic and system-reliability constraints of water environmental capacity of pollutants, but also generated land-division and industry-division schemes with a maximized system benefit. The model is a useful tool for analyzing tradeoffs between economic benefits and environmental constraint-violation risks associated with water quality management at the watershed level.
In the study, an interval-parameter chance-constrained linear programming (ICLP) model is developed for planning water quality under uncertainties. The ICLP model is based on an integration of chance-constrained programming (CCP) and interval linear programming (ILP) techniques. Uncertainties expressed as both probability distribution functions and interval values are incorporated within a general interval-optimization framework. The developed method is applied to the long-term water quality management in the Baiyangdian Lake (BLICLP). Interval solutions associated with different risk levels of constraint violation were obtained, which could be used for generating decision alternatives. The results demonstrated that the developed method not only helped decision makers identify desired policies under various economic and system-reliability constraints of water environmental capacity of pollutants, but also generated land-division and industry-division schemes with a maximized system benefit. The model is a useful tool for analyzing tradeoffs between economic benefits and environmental constraint-violation risks associated with water quality management at the watershed level.
引文
[1]陈丽.我国水污染的现状及其防治[A].中国环境科学学会学术年会优秀论文集[C].陕西：西北政法大学出版社,2008：371-375
[2]Guo H.C., Liu L., Huang G.H., et al. A system dynamics approach for regional environmental planning and management:A study for the Lake Erhai Basin[J]. Journal of Environmental Management,2001,(61):93-111
[3]周才扬,穆宏强.我国的水污染现状及防治对策[J].长江职工大学学报,2002,19(4)：8-9
[4]张德尧.我国水环境问题及对策刍议[J].中国水利,2001(6)
[5]龙丽民,赵红杰,武建双.白洋淀水资源问题及保护对策[J].安徽农业科学,2006,34(6)：1188-1189
[6]张芸,王秀兰.白洋淀污染机理及防治探讨[J].水资源保护,1999,39(4)：29-32
[7]宋中海.白洋淀流域水文特性分析[J].河北水利,2005,(9)：10-11
[8]Thomann R.V., and Sobel M.J. Estuarine water quality management and forecasting[J]. ASCE Journal of Sanitary Engineering,1964,90(5):9-36
[9]Futagami T., Tamai N., and Yatsuzuka M. FEM coupled with LP for water pollution control[J]. ASCE Journal of Hydraulics,1976,102(7):881-897
[10]Tong S.C. Interval number and fuzzy number linear programming[J]. Fuzzy Sets Syst,1994,66(3):301-306
[11]Huang G.H., Baetz B.W. and Patry G.G. An interval linear programming approach for municipal solid waste management planning under uncertainty[J]. Civil Eng Syst,1992,(9):319-335
[12]Li W., Li Y.P., Li C.H., et al. An inexact two-stage water management model for planning agricultural irrigation under uncertainty[J]. Agricultural Water Management,2010,(97):1905-1914
[13]Liu Z., and Tong S.Y. Using HSPF to Model the Hydrologic and Water Quality Impacts of Riparian Land-Use Change in a Small Watershed[J]. Journal of Environmental Informatics,2011,17(1):1-14
[14]Jing L., and Chen B. Field Investigation and Hydrological Modelling of a Subarctic Wetland-the Deer River Watershed[J]. Journal of Environmental Informatics,2011,17(1):36-45
[15]Huang G.H. IPWM:an interval parameter water quality management model[J]. Engineering Optimization,1996,(26):79-103
[16]Elisabeth Mance. An inexact two-stage water quality management model for the He River basin in Yongxin County[M]. The University of Regina, Canada, 2007,1-227
[17]He L., Wang G.Q., and Fu X.D. Disaggregation Model of Daily Rainfall and Its Application in the Xiaolihe Watershed, Yellow River[J]. Journal of Environmental Informatics,2010,16(1):11-18
[18]Hsieh P.H., Kuo J.T., Wu E.M., et al. Optimal best management practice placement strategies for nonpoint source pollution management in the Fei-Tsui Reservoir watershed[J]. Environmental Engineering Science, 2010,27(6):441-449
[l9]Lohani B.N., and Saleeni. Water Quality Management in Asia:Some Recent Studies[J]. Water Supply and Management,1982
[20]Ellis J.H. Stochastic water quality optimization using imbedded chance constraints[J]. Water Resources Research,1987,23(12),2227-2238
[21]Li Y.P., and Huang G.H. Two-stage planning for sustainable water-quality management under uncertainty[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2009,(90):2402-2413
[22]Huang G.H. A hybrid inexact-stochastic water management model[J]. Eur J Oper Res,1998,(107):137-158
[23]Xie Y.L., Li Y.P., Huang G.H., et al. An inexact chance-constrained programming model for water quality management in Binhai New Area of Tianjin, China[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2011,409(10):1757-1773
[24]Sii H.I., Sherrard J.H., and Wilson T.E. A water quality index based on fuzzy sets theory[J]. ASCE-CSCE National Conference on Environmental Engineering,1993,(253):253-259
[25]Lee C.S., and Chang S.P. Interactive fuzzy optimization for an economic and environmental balance in a river system[J]. Water Research, 2005,(39):221-231
[26]Li Y.P., and Huang G.H. Inexact multistage stochastic quadratic programming method of planning water resources systems under uncertainty[J]. Environmental Engineering Science,2007,24(10):1361-1378
[27]Liu C.L., Xie G.D., and Huang H.Q. Shrinking and drying up of Baiyangdian Lake Wetland:A natural or human cause? [J]. Chinese Geographical Science, 2006,(4):314-319
[28]Zhao Y., Yang Z.F., and Li Y.X. Investigation of water pollution in Baiyangdian Lake, China[J]. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 2010,(2):737-748
[29]Mao X.F., Yang Z.F., Chen B., et al. Examination of wetlands system using ecological network analysis:A case study of Baiyangdian Basin, China[J]. Procedia Environmental Sciences,2010,(2):427-439
[30]李凤超,刘存岐,管越强等.应用多元分析方法评价白洋淀水质现状[J].河北大学学报(自然科学报),2006,26(4)：405-410
[31]李经纬,杨路华,梁宝成等.改进的主成分分析法在白洋淀水质评价中的应用[J].海河水利,2007,157(13)：40-43
[32]Wang W., and Yin C.Q. The boundary filtration effect of reed-dominated ecotones under water level fluctuations[J]. Wetlands Ecology and Management, 2008,16(1):65-76
[33]王小鹏,哈建强,付学功.白洋淀水质平衡分析初探[J].水利科技与经济,2009,(3)211-213
[34]张婷,刘静玲,王雪梅.白洋淀水质时空变化及影响因子评价与分析[J].环境科学学报,2010,30(2)：261-267
[35]Qin X.S., Huang G.H., Zeng G.M., et al. An interval-parameter fuzzy nonlinear optimization model for stream water quality management under uncertainty[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2007,(180):1331-1357
[36]Lv Y., Huang G.H., Li Y.P., et al. Planning Regional Water Resources System Using an Interval Fuzzy Bi-Level Programming Method[J]. Journal of Environmental Informatics,2010,16(2):43-56
[37]Chen Z.M., Xia X.H., Tang H.S., et al. Emergy Based Ecological Assessment of Constructed Wetland for Municipal Wastewater Treatment:Methodology and Application to the Beijing Wetland[J]. Journal of Environmental Informatics,2010,15(2):62-73
[38]Huang G.H., Baetz B.W., Patty G.G. Grey dynamic programming for solid waste management planning under uncertainty[J]. ASCE Journal of Urban Planning and Development,1994,(120):132-156
[39]Charnes A., Cooper W.W., and Kirby P. Chance constrained programming:An extension of statistical method[J]. In Optimizing methods in statistics, 1972,(391):391-402
[40]Charnes A., and Cooper W.W. Response to decision problems under risk and chance constrained programming:Dilemmas in the transitions[J]. Manage Sci, 1983,(29):750-753
[41]Infanger G., Morton D.P., Cut sharing for multistage stochastic linear programs with interstage dependency[J]. Mathematical Programming, 1996,(75):241-251
[42]Ellis J.H. Stochastic programs for identifying critical structural collapse mechanisms[J]. Applied Mathematical Modelling,1991,(15):367-379
[43]Infanger G. Monte Carlo (importance) sampling within a Benders decomposition algorithm for stochastic linear programs[J]. Annals of Operations Research,1993,(39):69-81
[44]Watanabe T., and Ellis J.H. A joint chance-constrained programming model with row dependence[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 1994,(77):325-343
[45]Zam Y., and Daneshmand A. A linear approximation method for solving a special class of the chance constrained programming problem[J]. European Journal of Operational Research,1995,(80):213-225
[46]Li Y.P., Huang G.H., Nie S.L., and Qin X.S. An inexact two-stage chance-constrained program for planning waste management systems[J]. Resources Conservation and Recycling,2007,(49):284-307
[47]安新县地方志办公室.白洋淀志[M].北京：中国书店出版社,1996
[48]白洋淀国土经济研究会.白洋淀综合治理与开发研究[M].石家庄：河北人民出版社,1987：2-6
[49]张素珍.白洋淀湿地生态功能评价及保护对策[J].石家庄师范专科学校学报,2003,5(3)：40-41,44
[50]GB/T 3838—2002,地表水环境质量标准[S].北京：国家环境保护总局,2002
[51]李英华,崔保山,杨志峰.白洋淀水文特征变化对湿地生态环境的影响[J].自然资源学报,2004,19(1)：62-68
[52]刘真,刘素芳,刘平贵.白洋淀湿地面临的生态危机及对策[J].中国水土保持,2008,(8)28-30
[53]Li Y.P., Huang G.H., Nie S.L., et al. Inexact multistage stochastic integer programming for water resources management under uncertainty[J]. Journal of Environmental Management,2008,(88):93-107
[54]保定市经济年鉴[M].2002
[55]保定市经济年鉴[M].2006
[2]Guo H.C., Liu L., Huang G.H., et al. A system dynamics approach for regional environmental planning and management:A study for the Lake Erhai Basin[J]. Journal of Environmental Management,2001,(61):93-111
[3]周才扬,穆宏强.我国的水污染现状及防治对策[J].长江职工大学学报,2002,19(4)：8-9
[4]张德尧.我国水环境问题及对策刍议[J].中国水利,2001(6)
[5]龙丽民,赵红杰,武建双.白洋淀水资源问题及保护对策[J].安徽农业科学,2006,34(6)：1188-1189
[6]张芸,王秀兰.白洋淀污染机理及防治探讨[J].水资源保护,1999,39(4)：29-32
[7]宋中海.白洋淀流域水文特性分析[J].河北水利,2005,(9)：10-11
[8]Thomann R.V., and Sobel M.J. Estuarine water quality management and forecasting[J]. ASCE Journal of Sanitary Engineering,1964,90(5):9-36
[9]Futagami T., Tamai N., and Yatsuzuka M. FEM coupled with LP for water pollution control[J]. ASCE Journal of Hydraulics,1976,102(7):881-897
[10]Tong S.C. Interval number and fuzzy number linear programming[J]. Fuzzy Sets Syst,1994,66(3):301-306
[11]Huang G.H., Baetz B.W. and Patry G.G. An interval linear programming approach for municipal solid waste management planning under uncertainty[J]. Civil Eng Syst,1992,(9):319-335
[12]Li W., Li Y.P., Li C.H., et al. An inexact two-stage water management model for planning agricultural irrigation under uncertainty[J]. Agricultural Water Management,2010,(97):1905-1914
[13]Liu Z., and Tong S.Y. Using HSPF to Model the Hydrologic and Water Quality Impacts of Riparian Land-Use Change in a Small Watershed[J]. Journal of Environmental Informatics,2011,17(1):1-14
[14]Jing L., and Chen B. Field Investigation and Hydrological Modelling of a Subarctic Wetland-the Deer River Watershed[J]. Journal of Environmental Informatics,2011,17(1):36-45
[15]Huang G.H. IPWM:an interval parameter water quality management model[J]. Engineering Optimization,1996,(26):79-103
[16]Elisabeth Mance. An inexact two-stage water quality management model for the He River basin in Yongxin County[M]. The University of Regina, Canada, 2007,1-227
[17]He L., Wang G.Q., and Fu X.D. Disaggregation Model of Daily Rainfall and Its Application in the Xiaolihe Watershed, Yellow River[J]. Journal of Environmental Informatics,2010,16(1):11-18
[18]Hsieh P.H., Kuo J.T., Wu E.M., et al. Optimal best management practice placement strategies for nonpoint source pollution management in the Fei-Tsui Reservoir watershed[J]. Environmental Engineering Science, 2010,27(6):441-449
[l9]Lohani B.N., and Saleeni. Water Quality Management in Asia:Some Recent Studies[J]. Water Supply and Management,1982
[20]Ellis J.H. Stochastic water quality optimization using imbedded chance constraints[J]. Water Resources Research,1987,23(12),2227-2238
[21]Li Y.P., and Huang G.H. Two-stage planning for sustainable water-quality management under uncertainty[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 2009,(90):2402-2413
[22]Huang G.H. A hybrid inexact-stochastic water management model[J]. Eur J Oper Res,1998,(107):137-158
[23]Xie Y.L., Li Y.P., Huang G.H., et al. An inexact chance-constrained programming model for water quality management in Binhai New Area of Tianjin, China[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2011,409(10):1757-1773
[24]Sii H.I., Sherrard J.H., and Wilson T.E. A water quality index based on fuzzy sets theory[J]. ASCE-CSCE National Conference on Environmental Engineering,1993,(253):253-259
[25]Lee C.S., and Chang S.P. Interactive fuzzy optimization for an economic and environmental balance in a river system[J]. Water Research, 2005,(39):221-231
[26]Li Y.P., and Huang G.H. Inexact multistage stochastic quadratic programming method of planning water resources systems under uncertainty[J]. Environmental Engineering Science,2007,24(10):1361-1378
[27]Liu C.L., Xie G.D., and Huang H.Q. Shrinking and drying up of Baiyangdian Lake Wetland:A natural or human cause? [J]. Chinese Geographical Science, 2006,(4):314-319
[28]Zhao Y., Yang Z.F., and Li Y.X. Investigation of water pollution in Baiyangdian Lake, China[J]. Procedia Environmental Sciences, 2010,(2):737-748
[29]Mao X.F., Yang Z.F., Chen B., et al. Examination of wetlands system using ecological network analysis:A case study of Baiyangdian Basin, China[J]. Procedia Environmental Sciences,2010,(2):427-439
[30]李凤超,刘存岐,管越强等.应用多元分析方法评价白洋淀水质现状[J].河北大学学报(自然科学报),2006,26(4)：405-410
[31]李经纬,杨路华,梁宝成等.改进的主成分分析法在白洋淀水质评价中的应用[J].海河水利,2007,157(13)：40-43
[32]Wang W., and Yin C.Q. The boundary filtration effect of reed-dominated ecotones under water level fluctuations[J]. Wetlands Ecology and Management, 2008,16(1):65-76
[33]王小鹏,哈建强,付学功.白洋淀水质平衡分析初探[J].水利科技与经济,2009,(3)211-213
[34]张婷,刘静玲,王雪梅.白洋淀水质时空变化及影响因子评价与分析[J].环境科学学报,2010,30(2)：261-267
[35]Qin X.S., Huang G.H., Zeng G.M., et al. An interval-parameter fuzzy nonlinear optimization model for stream water quality management under uncertainty[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 2007,(180):1331-1357
[36]Lv Y., Huang G.H., Li Y.P., et al. Planning Regional Water Resources System Using an Interval Fuzzy Bi-Level Programming Method[J]. Journal of Environmental Informatics,2010,16(2):43-56
[37]Chen Z.M., Xia X.H., Tang H.S., et al. Emergy Based Ecological Assessment of Constructed Wetland for Municipal Wastewater Treatment:Methodology and Application to the Beijing Wetland[J]. Journal of Environmental Informatics,2010,15(2):62-73
[38]Huang G.H., Baetz B.W., Patty G.G. Grey dynamic programming for solid waste management planning under uncertainty[J]. ASCE Journal of Urban Planning and Development,1994,(120):132-156
[39]Charnes A., Cooper W.W., and Kirby P. Chance constrained programming:An extension of statistical method[J]. In Optimizing methods in statistics, 1972,(391):391-402
[40]Charnes A., and Cooper W.W. Response to decision problems under risk and chance constrained programming:Dilemmas in the transitions[J]. Manage Sci, 1983,(29):750-753
[41]Infanger G., Morton D.P., Cut sharing for multistage stochastic linear programs with interstage dependency[J]. Mathematical Programming, 1996,(75):241-251
[42]Ellis J.H. Stochastic programs for identifying critical structural collapse mechanisms[J]. Applied Mathematical Modelling,1991,(15):367-379
[43]Infanger G. Monte Carlo (importance) sampling within a Benders decomposition algorithm for stochastic linear programs[J]. Annals of Operations Research,1993,(39):69-81
[44]Watanabe T., and Ellis J.H. A joint chance-constrained programming model with row dependence[J]. European Journal of Operational Research, 1994,(77):325-343
[45]Zam Y., and Daneshmand A. A linear approximation method for solving a special class of the chance constrained programming problem[J]. European Journal of Operational Research,1995,(80):213-225
[46]Li Y.P., Huang G.H., Nie S.L., and Qin X.S. An inexact two-stage chance-constrained program for planning waste management systems[J]. Resources Conservation and Recycling,2007,(49):284-307
[47]安新县地方志办公室.白洋淀志[M].北京：中国书店出版社,1996
[48]白洋淀国土经济研究会.白洋淀综合治理与开发研究[M].石家庄：河北人民出版社,1987：2-6
[49]张素珍.白洋淀湿地生态功能评价及保护对策[J].石家庄师范专科学校学报,2003,5(3)：40-41,44
[50]GB/T 3838—2002,地表水环境质量标准[S].北京：国家环境保护总局,2002
[51]李英华,崔保山,杨志峰.白洋淀水文特征变化对湿地生态环境的影响[J].自然资源学报,2004,19(1)：62-68
[52]刘真,刘素芳,刘平贵.白洋淀湿地面临的生态危机及对策[J].中国水土保持,2008,(8)28-30
[53]Li Y.P., Huang G.H., Nie S.L., et al. Inexact multistage stochastic integer programming for water resources management under uncertainty[J]. Journal of Environmental Management,2008,(88):93-107
[54]保定市经济年鉴[M].2002
[55]保定市经济年鉴[M].2006