弹性阻抗反演与流体识别技术应用研究
|
摘要
叠后波阻抗反演使用全角度叠加的地震资料,削弱了反映储层特征的敏感性;叠前AVO分析和反演能够提供丰富的岩性参数,但受噪音的影响较大。弹性阻抗反演克服了二者的缺点,既保留了叠前资料丰富的信息,又受噪音影响较小。但弹性阻抗是一个计算出来的量,其物理意义不明确,因而,需要开展从弹性阻抗中提取岩石物性参数的研究。流体识别是储层预测的重要内容,流体因子方法的研究对流体识别具有重要的意义。
本文首先阐述了不同弹性阻抗方程的基本理论,并对多种弹性阻抗方程的精度进行了对比分析;继而,阐述了弹性阻抗反演的基本理论和关键技术;接下来,根据实际地震资料的特点,分别就两种情况下从弹性阻抗中提取岩性参数的方法进行了研究。(1)在大角度入射情况下,通过对弹性阻抗方程进行线性变换,可以从三个弹性阻抗体中直接提取纵、横波速度和密度;在对参数提取方程做适当的变换后,推导出了直接从弹性阻抗中提取纵、横波阻抗和密度的方法。(2)在小角度入射情况下,如果无法得到三个角度叠加数据,通过合理的近似,简化参数求解方程,给出了直接从两个角度弹性阻抗数据体中提取纵、横波阻抗或者直接提取横波阻抗的方法。之后,通过不同岩性参数之间的关系计算得到其他参数。得到各种岩性参数后,对流体因子方法进行分析研究,结合井资料的分析进行流体识别。基于AVO分析的流体识别方法可以很好的区分含气储层;泊松阻抗方法和基于Gassmann方法的流体识别方法通过选择合理的参数,可以有效区分不同流体。最后,将本文研究的各种方法在垦东北地区和永新地区实际资料中进行了检验和应用。应用效果表明,文中讨论的方法是可行和有效的。
As poststack acoustic impedance inversion use the seismic data of full angle multiple stack, it weakens the reflection sensitivity of reservoir character. AVO analysis and inversion provides various lithology parameters, but it can be easily affected by many kinds of noise. Elastic impedance inversion approach overcomes the limitations of acoustic impedance inversion and AVO method, which preserves the information of prestack data, also avoids the effects of noise. However, elastic impedance is a parameter that can only be calculated out, therefore it has no clear physical meanings. So that it is quite valuable to carry out research on extracting lithology parameters from elastic impedance. Fluid identification is one of the most main contents of reservoir predication, so it is very important to analyze the fluid factors for the fluid discrimination.
This paper introduces the basic theory of elastic impedance function firstly, and analyzes the precision of different kinds of elastic impedance equations. Then, introduces the basic theory and pivotal technology for the elastic impedance inversion. After that, I study the methods of extracting lithology parameters from elastic impedance under two situations according to the characteristic of real seismic data: first, when the incidence is big, by linear transforming to the elastic equations, the compressional and shear wave velocity and density can be extracted directly; in addition, I rewrite the equation for parameter extraction and derive an equation that can be used as extracting compressional and shear wave impedance and density directly from elastic impedance. Secondly, when the incidence is small, it is hardly to get three angle gather stack datum, I simplify the solution equation by using reasonable approximation, and then present the approach for estimating compressional and shear wave impedance or only shear wave impedance directly from elastic impedance. Whereafter, according to the relationship of different lithology parameters, the other parameters can be calculated. Besides, after getting the litholoty parameters, I analyzes the fluid factor methods, which can discriminate the different fluids with well log data analysis. The methods of fluid factor based on AVO analysis can discriminate gas sand. The methods of fluid factor based on Gassmann equation and Poission impedance can discriminate different fluids effectively by choosing different parameters. At last, I tests and applies those approaches discussed before into the exploration of Keneast and Yongxin oil field. The result shows that discussed methods in this paper are feasible and effective.
本文首先阐述了不同弹性阻抗方程的基本理论,并对多种弹性阻抗方程的精度进行了对比分析;继而,阐述了弹性阻抗反演的基本理论和关键技术;接下来,根据实际地震资料的特点,分别就两种情况下从弹性阻抗中提取岩性参数的方法进行了研究。(1)在大角度入射情况下,通过对弹性阻抗方程进行线性变换,可以从三个弹性阻抗体中直接提取纵、横波速度和密度;在对参数提取方程做适当的变换后,推导出了直接从弹性阻抗中提取纵、横波阻抗和密度的方法。(2)在小角度入射情况下,如果无法得到三个角度叠加数据,通过合理的近似,简化参数求解方程,给出了直接从两个角度弹性阻抗数据体中提取纵、横波阻抗或者直接提取横波阻抗的方法。之后,通过不同岩性参数之间的关系计算得到其他参数。得到各种岩性参数后,对流体因子方法进行分析研究,结合井资料的分析进行流体识别。基于AVO分析的流体识别方法可以很好的区分含气储层;泊松阻抗方法和基于Gassmann方法的流体识别方法通过选择合理的参数,可以有效区分不同流体。最后,将本文研究的各种方法在垦东北地区和永新地区实际资料中进行了检验和应用。应用效果表明,文中讨论的方法是可行和有效的。
As poststack acoustic impedance inversion use the seismic data of full angle multiple stack, it weakens the reflection sensitivity of reservoir character. AVO analysis and inversion provides various lithology parameters, but it can be easily affected by many kinds of noise. Elastic impedance inversion approach overcomes the limitations of acoustic impedance inversion and AVO method, which preserves the information of prestack data, also avoids the effects of noise. However, elastic impedance is a parameter that can only be calculated out, therefore it has no clear physical meanings. So that it is quite valuable to carry out research on extracting lithology parameters from elastic impedance. Fluid identification is one of the most main contents of reservoir predication, so it is very important to analyze the fluid factors for the fluid discrimination.
This paper introduces the basic theory of elastic impedance function firstly, and analyzes the precision of different kinds of elastic impedance equations. Then, introduces the basic theory and pivotal technology for the elastic impedance inversion. After that, I study the methods of extracting lithology parameters from elastic impedance under two situations according to the characteristic of real seismic data: first, when the incidence is big, by linear transforming to the elastic equations, the compressional and shear wave velocity and density can be extracted directly; in addition, I rewrite the equation for parameter extraction and derive an equation that can be used as extracting compressional and shear wave impedance and density directly from elastic impedance. Secondly, when the incidence is small, it is hardly to get three angle gather stack datum, I simplify the solution equation by using reasonable approximation, and then present the approach for estimating compressional and shear wave impedance or only shear wave impedance directly from elastic impedance. Whereafter, according to the relationship of different lithology parameters, the other parameters can be calculated. Besides, after getting the litholoty parameters, I analyzes the fluid factor methods, which can discriminate the different fluids with well log data analysis. The methods of fluid factor based on AVO analysis can discriminate gas sand. The methods of fluid factor based on Gassmann equation and Poission impedance can discriminate different fluids effectively by choosing different parameters. At last, I tests and applies those approaches discussed before into the exploration of Keneast and Yongxin oil field. The result shows that discussed methods in this paper are feasible and effective.
引文
[1]马劲风等.波阻抗约束反演中的约束方法研究[J].石油物探,2000,39(2):52-63
[2]张繁昌,印兴耀,吴国忱等.用模拟退火神经网络技术进行波阻抗反演[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),1997,21(6):16-23
[3]张永刚.地震波阻抗反演技术的现状和发展[J].石油物探,2002,41(4):385-390
[4]马劲风等.波阻抗约束反演中的约束方法研究[J].石油物探,2000,39(2):52-63
[5] Guillaume Cambois.AVO inversion and elastic impedance[J].SEG 2000 Expanded Abstracts,2000:142-145
[6]印兴耀,张波,吴国忱等.反演法在提高地震资料信噪比中的应用[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2001,25(5):21-24
[7] Sena A.Far Angle Stack Seismic Inversion:A Feasibility Study[J].AEPT Research Memorandum,1997:97-103
[8] Connolly P.Elastic impedance[J].The Leading Edge,1999,18(4):438-452
[9] Aki K,and Richards P G..Quantitative Seismology:Theory and Methods[J].W.H. Freeman and Co,1980:123-192
[10] Whitcombe D N.Elastic impedance normalization[J].Geophysics,2002,67(1): 60-62
[11] David N Whitcombe . Extended elastic impedance for fluid and lithology prediction[J].SEG 2000 Annual Meeting Expanded Abstracts,2000:63-67
[12] Landr? Martin, Duffaut Kenneth and Rogn? Hege.Well calibration of seabed seismic data[J].SEG 1999 Annual Meeting Expanded Abstracts,1999,SAVO/MC 6.6:860-863
[13] Kenneth Duffaut,Martin Landr,Hege Rogn.Shear-wave elastic impedance[J].The Leading Edge,2000,11:1222-1226
[14] E F Gonzalez,Tapan Mukerji,Gary Mavko.Near and far offset P-to-S elastic impedance for discriminating fizz water from commercial gas[J].The Leading Edge,2003,10:1012-1015
[15] VerWest B . Elastic Impedance for the Inversion of Far Offset Seismic Sections[J].ARCO U. S. Patent Notes,1998
[16] Bruce VerWest.Elastic Impedance Revisited[J].EAGE 66th Conference & Exhibition-Paris,France,2004,6:7-10
[17] Santos L T and Tygel M..Impedance-type approximation of the P-P elastic reflection coefficient:modeling and AVO inversion[J].Geophysics,2004,69(2):592-598
[18] Jorge L Martins.Elastic impedance in weakly anisotropic media[J].Geophysics,2006,71(3):D73–D83
[19]马劲风.地震勘探中广义弹性阻抗的正反演[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(1):118-124
[20]倪逸.一种弹性波阻抗计算的一种新方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(2):147-150
[21]甘利灯,杜文辉,刘江丽等.弹性阻抗的概念及其精度分析[A].第十九届中国地球物理年会会刊[C].南京:南京师范大学出版社,2003:29-30
[22] Ma l and Morozov B.Ray-path elastic impedance[J].Expanded Abstr,Canadian SEG Conv,Calgary,2004
[23] Jinfeng Ma and Igor B Morozov.The Exact Elastic Impedance[J].CSEG 2005 Annual Meeting Abstracts,2005:224-227
[24]印兴耀,袁世洪,张繁昌.从弹性波阻抗中提取岩石物性参数[A].中国石油学会物探专业委员会及美国地球物理学家学会,CPS/SEG 2004国际地球物理会议论文集[C].北京:CPS/SEG 2004国际地球物理会议,2004:538-542
[25]王保丽,印兴耀,张繁昌.弹性阻抗反演及应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(1):89-92
[26]李爱山,印兴耀,张繁昌等.叠前AVA多参数同步反演技术在含气储层预测中的应用[J].石油物探.2007,46(1):64-69
[27]王保丽,印兴耀,张繁昌.基于Gray近似的弹性波阻抗方程及反演[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(4):435-439
[28] Wang Baoli,Yin Xingyao and Zhang Fanchang.Laméparameters inversion based on elastic impedance and its application[J].Applied Geophysics,2006,3(3):174-178
[29] Gray D.Bridging the gap:using AVO to detect changes in fundamental elastic constants[J].59th Ann Internet Expanded Abstract of SEG Mtg,1999:852-855
[30] Smith G C and Gidlow P M.Weighted stacking for rock property estimation and detection of gas[J].Geophys. Prosp.,1987,39:915–942
[31] Bill Goodway,Taiwen Chen,Jon Downton.Improved AVO fluid detection and lithology discrimination using Lamépetrophysical parameters;"λρ","μρ",&"λ/μfluid stack",from P and S inversions[J].SEG 1997 Annual Meeting Expanded Abstracts,1997,AVO2.7:183-186
[32] Hedlin K.Pore space modulus and extraction using AVO[J].70th Ann Internet Mtg Soc. Expl. Geophys Expanded Abstracts,2000:170-173
[33] Hilterman F J.Seismic amplitude interpretation[J].Short Soc.Expl. Geophys,Distinguished Instructor Series 4,2001
[34] Biot M A.General theory of three-dimensional consolidation[J].Appl. Physics,1941,12:155–164
[35] Gassmann F.Uber die Elastizitat poroser Medien[J].Vier. Natur Gesellschaft,1951,96:1-23
[36] Krief M.,Garat J.,Stellingwerff J. et. al.A petrophysical interpretation using the velocities of P and S waves[J].The Log Analyst,1990,31(6):355-369
[37] BrianH. Russell et al.Fluid-property discrimination with AVO:A Biot-Gassmann perspective[J].Geophysics,2003,68(1):29-39
[38] Maurice Gidlow and George Cameron Smith.The Fluid Factor Angle[J].EAGE 65th Conference & Exhibition,2003:2-5
[39]宁忠华,贺振华,黄德济.基于地震资料的高灵敏度流体因子[J].石油物探,2006, 45(3):239-242
[40] Mark Quakenbush,Bruce Shang and Chris Tuttle.Poisson impedance[J].The Leading Edge,2006:128-138
[41] Guillaume Cambois.Can P-wave AVO be quantitative?[J].The Leading Edge,2000(11):1246-1251
[42] Bortfeld R..Approximations to the reflection and transmission coefficients of plane longitudinal and transverse waves[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1961,9(4):485-503
[43] Ma l. and Morozov LB..Ray-path elastic impedance[J].Expanded Abstr.,Canadian SEG Conv. Calgary,2004
[44] Sayers C.M. and Rickett l. E..Azimuthalvariation in AVO response for fractured gas sands[J].Geophys. Prosp,1997,45:165-182
[45] Pan. D.,Liu E. and Yue. J.Comparison of accuracies of elastic impedance[J].Journal of SeismicExploration,2006,14:303-317
[46]刘书会,张繁昌,印兴耀等.砂砾岩储集层的地震反演方法[J].石油勘探与开发,2003,30(3):124-128
[47]赵宪生等.子波反演与波阻抗反演[J].物探化探计算技术,1999,21(3):206-211
[48]殷八斤,曾灏,杨在延.AVO技术的理论与实践[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1995:46-67,191-205
[49]郭栋,王兴谋,印兴耀等.横波速度计算方法与应用[J].油气地球物理,2007,5(3):18-22
[50]张繁昌,印兴耀,高仁安.测井数据横向能量均衡及其在地震反演中的应用[A].韩文功,印兴耀,王兴谋等.储层地震技术新进展(上)[C].东营:石油大学出版社,2004:118-122
[51]李宏兵.具有剔除噪音功能的多道广义线性反演[J].石油物探,1996,35(4):11-17
[52]张玉芬等.多参数约束反演及其应用[J].地球科学,1997,22(2):219-222
[53]刘成斋,冉建斌,杨永生等.稀疏脉冲和基于模型反演在王家岗沙四段砂岩油藏精细勘探中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(4):401-406
[54]董恩清等.波阻抗约束反演及储层物性参数计算方法[J].测井技术,1998,22(5):337-340
[55]张繁昌,印兴耀.用多层前馈网络进行三维储层参数反演的方法[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2004,28(1):31-35
[56] Mallick S.AVO and elastic impedance[J].The Leading Edge,2001(20):1094–1104
[57] Shaoming Lu and George A McMechan.Elastic impedance inversion of multichannel seismic datafrom unconsolidated sediments containing gas hydrate and free gas[J].Geophysics,2004,69(1):164–179
[58]李爱山.基于EI的岩石物性参数提取方法研究与应用[D].东营:中国石油大学(华东),2007
[59] Shuey R T.A simplication of the Zoeppritz equations[J].Geophysics,1985,50:609-614
[60]陆娜,印兴耀,张繁昌.基于AVO分析的流体因子方法研究[A].中国地球物理年会第二十三届会议论文集[C].青岛:中国海洋大学出版社,2007:194
[61] Castagna J. P,Batzle M. L. and Eastwood R. O..Relationaships between compressional-wave and shear-wave velocities in clastic silicate rocks[J].Geophysics,1985,50:571-581
[62] Murphy W.,Reischer A. and Hsu K..Modulus Decomposition of Compressional and Shear Velocities in Sand Bodies[J].Geophysics,1993,58:227-239
[63] Leon Thomsen.Seismic anisotropy[J].Geophysics,2001,66(1):40
[2]张繁昌,印兴耀,吴国忱等.用模拟退火神经网络技术进行波阻抗反演[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),1997,21(6):16-23
[3]张永刚.地震波阻抗反演技术的现状和发展[J].石油物探,2002,41(4):385-390
[4]马劲风等.波阻抗约束反演中的约束方法研究[J].石油物探,2000,39(2):52-63
[5] Guillaume Cambois.AVO inversion and elastic impedance[J].SEG 2000 Expanded Abstracts,2000:142-145
[6]印兴耀,张波,吴国忱等.反演法在提高地震资料信噪比中的应用[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2001,25(5):21-24
[7] Sena A.Far Angle Stack Seismic Inversion:A Feasibility Study[J].AEPT Research Memorandum,1997:97-103
[8] Connolly P.Elastic impedance[J].The Leading Edge,1999,18(4):438-452
[9] Aki K,and Richards P G..Quantitative Seismology:Theory and Methods[J].W.H. Freeman and Co,1980:123-192
[10] Whitcombe D N.Elastic impedance normalization[J].Geophysics,2002,67(1): 60-62
[11] David N Whitcombe . Extended elastic impedance for fluid and lithology prediction[J].SEG 2000 Annual Meeting Expanded Abstracts,2000:63-67
[12] Landr? Martin, Duffaut Kenneth and Rogn? Hege.Well calibration of seabed seismic data[J].SEG 1999 Annual Meeting Expanded Abstracts,1999,SAVO/MC 6.6:860-863
[13] Kenneth Duffaut,Martin Landr,Hege Rogn.Shear-wave elastic impedance[J].The Leading Edge,2000,11:1222-1226
[14] E F Gonzalez,Tapan Mukerji,Gary Mavko.Near and far offset P-to-S elastic impedance for discriminating fizz water from commercial gas[J].The Leading Edge,2003,10:1012-1015
[15] VerWest B . Elastic Impedance for the Inversion of Far Offset Seismic Sections[J].ARCO U. S. Patent Notes,1998
[16] Bruce VerWest.Elastic Impedance Revisited[J].EAGE 66th Conference & Exhibition-Paris,France,2004,6:7-10
[17] Santos L T and Tygel M..Impedance-type approximation of the P-P elastic reflection coefficient:modeling and AVO inversion[J].Geophysics,2004,69(2):592-598
[18] Jorge L Martins.Elastic impedance in weakly anisotropic media[J].Geophysics,2006,71(3):D73–D83
[19]马劲风.地震勘探中广义弹性阻抗的正反演[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(1):118-124
[20]倪逸.一种弹性波阻抗计算的一种新方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(2):147-150
[21]甘利灯,杜文辉,刘江丽等.弹性阻抗的概念及其精度分析[A].第十九届中国地球物理年会会刊[C].南京:南京师范大学出版社,2003:29-30
[22] Ma l and Morozov B.Ray-path elastic impedance[J].Expanded Abstr,Canadian SEG Conv,Calgary,2004
[23] Jinfeng Ma and Igor B Morozov.The Exact Elastic Impedance[J].CSEG 2005 Annual Meeting Abstracts,2005:224-227
[24]印兴耀,袁世洪,张繁昌.从弹性波阻抗中提取岩石物性参数[A].中国石油学会物探专业委员会及美国地球物理学家学会,CPS/SEG 2004国际地球物理会议论文集[C].北京:CPS/SEG 2004国际地球物理会议,2004:538-542
[25]王保丽,印兴耀,张繁昌.弹性阻抗反演及应用研究[J].地球物理学进展,2005,20(1):89-92
[26]李爱山,印兴耀,张繁昌等.叠前AVA多参数同步反演技术在含气储层预测中的应用[J].石油物探.2007,46(1):64-69
[27]王保丽,印兴耀,张繁昌.基于Gray近似的弹性波阻抗方程及反演[J].石油地球物理勘探,2007,42(4):435-439
[28] Wang Baoli,Yin Xingyao and Zhang Fanchang.Laméparameters inversion based on elastic impedance and its application[J].Applied Geophysics,2006,3(3):174-178
[29] Gray D.Bridging the gap:using AVO to detect changes in fundamental elastic constants[J].59th Ann Internet Expanded Abstract of SEG Mtg,1999:852-855
[30] Smith G C and Gidlow P M.Weighted stacking for rock property estimation and detection of gas[J].Geophys. Prosp.,1987,39:915–942
[31] Bill Goodway,Taiwen Chen,Jon Downton.Improved AVO fluid detection and lithology discrimination using Lamépetrophysical parameters;"λρ","μρ",&"λ/μfluid stack",from P and S inversions[J].SEG 1997 Annual Meeting Expanded Abstracts,1997,AVO2.7:183-186
[32] Hedlin K.Pore space modulus and extraction using AVO[J].70th Ann Internet Mtg Soc. Expl. Geophys Expanded Abstracts,2000:170-173
[33] Hilterman F J.Seismic amplitude interpretation[J].Short Soc.Expl. Geophys,Distinguished Instructor Series 4,2001
[34] Biot M A.General theory of three-dimensional consolidation[J].Appl. Physics,1941,12:155–164
[35] Gassmann F.Uber die Elastizitat poroser Medien[J].Vier. Natur Gesellschaft,1951,96:1-23
[36] Krief M.,Garat J.,Stellingwerff J. et. al.A petrophysical interpretation using the velocities of P and S waves[J].The Log Analyst,1990,31(6):355-369
[37] BrianH. Russell et al.Fluid-property discrimination with AVO:A Biot-Gassmann perspective[J].Geophysics,2003,68(1):29-39
[38] Maurice Gidlow and George Cameron Smith.The Fluid Factor Angle[J].EAGE 65th Conference & Exhibition,2003:2-5
[39]宁忠华,贺振华,黄德济.基于地震资料的高灵敏度流体因子[J].石油物探,2006, 45(3):239-242
[40] Mark Quakenbush,Bruce Shang and Chris Tuttle.Poisson impedance[J].The Leading Edge,2006:128-138
[41] Guillaume Cambois.Can P-wave AVO be quantitative?[J].The Leading Edge,2000(11):1246-1251
[42] Bortfeld R..Approximations to the reflection and transmission coefficients of plane longitudinal and transverse waves[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1961,9(4):485-503
[43] Ma l. and Morozov LB..Ray-path elastic impedance[J].Expanded Abstr.,Canadian SEG Conv. Calgary,2004
[44] Sayers C.M. and Rickett l. E..Azimuthalvariation in AVO response for fractured gas sands[J].Geophys. Prosp,1997,45:165-182
[45] Pan. D.,Liu E. and Yue. J.Comparison of accuracies of elastic impedance[J].Journal of SeismicExploration,2006,14:303-317
[46]刘书会,张繁昌,印兴耀等.砂砾岩储集层的地震反演方法[J].石油勘探与开发,2003,30(3):124-128
[47]赵宪生等.子波反演与波阻抗反演[J].物探化探计算技术,1999,21(3):206-211
[48]殷八斤,曾灏,杨在延.AVO技术的理论与实践[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1995:46-67,191-205
[49]郭栋,王兴谋,印兴耀等.横波速度计算方法与应用[J].油气地球物理,2007,5(3):18-22
[50]张繁昌,印兴耀,高仁安.测井数据横向能量均衡及其在地震反演中的应用[A].韩文功,印兴耀,王兴谋等.储层地震技术新进展(上)[C].东营:石油大学出版社,2004:118-122
[51]李宏兵.具有剔除噪音功能的多道广义线性反演[J].石油物探,1996,35(4):11-17
[52]张玉芬等.多参数约束反演及其应用[J].地球科学,1997,22(2):219-222
[53]刘成斋,冉建斌,杨永生等.稀疏脉冲和基于模型反演在王家岗沙四段砂岩油藏精细勘探中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(4):401-406
[54]董恩清等.波阻抗约束反演及储层物性参数计算方法[J].测井技术,1998,22(5):337-340
[55]张繁昌,印兴耀.用多层前馈网络进行三维储层参数反演的方法[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2004,28(1):31-35
[56] Mallick S.AVO and elastic impedance[J].The Leading Edge,2001(20):1094–1104
[57] Shaoming Lu and George A McMechan.Elastic impedance inversion of multichannel seismic datafrom unconsolidated sediments containing gas hydrate and free gas[J].Geophysics,2004,69(1):164–179
[58]李爱山.基于EI的岩石物性参数提取方法研究与应用[D].东营:中国石油大学(华东),2007
[59] Shuey R T.A simplication of the Zoeppritz equations[J].Geophysics,1985,50:609-614
[60]陆娜,印兴耀,张繁昌.基于AVO分析的流体因子方法研究[A].中国地球物理年会第二十三届会议论文集[C].青岛:中国海洋大学出版社,2007:194
[61] Castagna J. P,Batzle M. L. and Eastwood R. O..Relationaships between compressional-wave and shear-wave velocities in clastic silicate rocks[J].Geophysics,1985,50:571-581
[62] Murphy W.,Reischer A. and Hsu K..Modulus Decomposition of Compressional and Shear Velocities in Sand Bodies[J].Geophysics,1993,58:227-239
[63] Leon Thomsen.Seismic anisotropy[J].Geophysics,2001,66(1):40