混合动力车用径向—径向磁通复合结构永磁同步电机的优化研究
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摘要
在混合动力系统中径向-径向磁通复合结构永磁同步电机(CS-PMSM)与由行星齿轮和两电机组合而成的系统功能相同,可实现电控无级变速驱动的功能。本文对一台50kW/30kW的径向-径向磁通CS-PMSM进行了研究。
首先选定了径向-径向磁通CS-PMSM的功率等级、极数和相应的极槽配合。在此基础上对构成径向-径向磁通CS-PMSM的两个电机进行重新设计,并分别建立二维有限元仿真模型对其性能进行仿真分析,证明设计结果的合理性。
然后对径向-径向磁通CS-PMSM的齿槽转矩进行优化。在选择槽口宽度和极弧系数作为优化参数后,先对两电机分别进行优化,再分析两电机同向和反向转动时各自齿槽转矩的变化,最后对优化前后径向-径向磁通CS-PMSM的齿槽转矩和负载转矩波动进行了比较分析。
由于径向-径向磁通CS-PMSM的两电机共用外转子,不仅在结构尺寸上互相制约,还存在磁耦合问题。从电机设计的角度实现了磁解耦,并在保证外转子铁心不饱和的情况下尽量减小其厚度提高电机功率密度。通过有限元计算对磁场干涉程度进行评估,并在两电机运行在不同负载情况时比较各自的输出转矩,最终证实两电机可以互不干涉地独立运行。
最后建立径向-径向磁通CS-PMSM的二维有限元热模型,采用水冷和风冷两种冷却方式对电机的温度分布进行仿真,仿真结果表明电机可稳定运行于额定状态。
Among hybrid system, the radial-radial flux composite-structure permanent-magnet synchronous motor (CS-PMSM) has the same function with the system composed of the plenetary gear and two electric machines, so it can realize the function of electronic continuously variable transmission. This thesis makes a study of a 50kW/30kW radial-radial flux CS-PMSM.
Firstly the power rating of the radial-radial flux CS-PMSM is selected, so is its number of poles and its slot/pole number combinations. On this basis, the two motors which constitute the radial-radial flux CS-PMSM are redesigned. And then their two-dimensional finite element simulation models are established separately, so the simulation results of their performance can show the rationality of the design.
Then the cogging torque of the radial-radial flux CS-PMSM is optimized. After the choice of slot width and pole arc coefficient as optimization parameters, firstly the two motors are optimized separately, and then the changes of their respective cogging torque are analyzed while the two motors turns in the same direction and reverse. The cogging torque and load torque fluctuations of the radial-radial flux CS-PMSM before and after optimized are compared and analyzed.
As the two motors of the radial-radial flux CS-PMSM have common external rotor, not only check each other in structure, but also bring the matter of magnetic coupling. The magnetic decoupling is achieved by the design of two motors. And the thickness of the outer rotor core is reduced at full steam while ensuring the outer rotor core is not saturated, so it can increase the power density of the radial-radial flux CS-PMSM. Finally the extent of the magnetic field interference is assessed by finite element method, and the load torque of the two motors is compared when they run at different load conditions. Finally approves that the two motors of the radial-radial flux CS-PMSM can run independently without interference.
Last the two-dimensional finite element thermal model of the radial-radial flux CS-PMSM is established, and simulate the temperature distribution of the radial-radial flux CS-PMSM using water-cooled and air-cooled, and the simulation results show that it can run at rated condition stably.
首先选定了径向-径向磁通CS-PMSM的功率等级、极数和相应的极槽配合。在此基础上对构成径向-径向磁通CS-PMSM的两个电机进行重新设计,并分别建立二维有限元仿真模型对其性能进行仿真分析,证明设计结果的合理性。
然后对径向-径向磁通CS-PMSM的齿槽转矩进行优化。在选择槽口宽度和极弧系数作为优化参数后,先对两电机分别进行优化,再分析两电机同向和反向转动时各自齿槽转矩的变化,最后对优化前后径向-径向磁通CS-PMSM的齿槽转矩和负载转矩波动进行了比较分析。
由于径向-径向磁通CS-PMSM的两电机共用外转子,不仅在结构尺寸上互相制约,还存在磁耦合问题。从电机设计的角度实现了磁解耦,并在保证外转子铁心不饱和的情况下尽量减小其厚度提高电机功率密度。通过有限元计算对磁场干涉程度进行评估,并在两电机运行在不同负载情况时比较各自的输出转矩,最终证实两电机可以互不干涉地独立运行。
最后建立径向-径向磁通CS-PMSM的二维有限元热模型,采用水冷和风冷两种冷却方式对电机的温度分布进行仿真,仿真结果表明电机可稳定运行于额定状态。
Among hybrid system, the radial-radial flux composite-structure permanent-magnet synchronous motor (CS-PMSM) has the same function with the system composed of the plenetary gear and two electric machines, so it can realize the function of electronic continuously variable transmission. This thesis makes a study of a 50kW/30kW radial-radial flux CS-PMSM.
Firstly the power rating of the radial-radial flux CS-PMSM is selected, so is its number of poles and its slot/pole number combinations. On this basis, the two motors which constitute the radial-radial flux CS-PMSM are redesigned. And then their two-dimensional finite element simulation models are established separately, so the simulation results of their performance can show the rationality of the design.
Then the cogging torque of the radial-radial flux CS-PMSM is optimized. After the choice of slot width and pole arc coefficient as optimization parameters, firstly the two motors are optimized separately, and then the changes of their respective cogging torque are analyzed while the two motors turns in the same direction and reverse. The cogging torque and load torque fluctuations of the radial-radial flux CS-PMSM before and after optimized are compared and analyzed.
As the two motors of the radial-radial flux CS-PMSM have common external rotor, not only check each other in structure, but also bring the matter of magnetic coupling. The magnetic decoupling is achieved by the design of two motors. And the thickness of the outer rotor core is reduced at full steam while ensuring the outer rotor core is not saturated, so it can increase the power density of the radial-radial flux CS-PMSM. Finally the extent of the magnetic field interference is assessed by finite element method, and the load torque of the two motors is compared when they run at different load conditions. Finally approves that the two motors of the radial-radial flux CS-PMSM can run independently without interference.
Last the two-dimensional finite element thermal model of the radial-radial flux CS-PMSM is established, and simulate the temperature distribution of the radial-radial flux CS-PMSM using water-cooled and air-cooled, and the simulation results show that it can run at rated condition stably.
引文
1杜绍研.混合动力电动汽车浅析.科技传播. 2010, 4: 32~33
2胡骅,宋慧.电动汽车(第二版).人民交通出版社, 2006: 1~36
3欧阳名高.我国节能与新能源汽车发展战略与对策.汽车工程. 2006, 28(4): 317~321
4何洪文,祝嘉光,李剑.混合动力电动汽车技术发展与现状.车辆与动力技术. 2004, (2): 50~55
5岳东鹏,郝志勇,张俊智.混合动力电动汽车研究开发及前景展望.拖拉机与农用运输车. 2004, (2): 1~4, 13
6 Taehyung Kim, Hyung-Woo Lee and Mehrdad Ehsani. High Performance Brushless Permanent Magnet Motor/Generator Drives in Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles. Power Electronics Specialists Conference. 2006: 1~5
7 K. T. Chau, C. C. Chan. Emerging Energy-Efficient Technologies for Hybrid Electric Vehicles. Proceedings of The IEEE. 2007, 95(4): 821~835
8 C. C. Chan. The State of The Art of Electric and Hybrid Vehicles. Proceedings of The IEEE. 2002, 90(2): 247~275
9 O. D. Momoh, M. O. Omoigui. An Overview of Hybrid Electric Vehicle Technology. Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference. 2009: 1286~1292
10辛克伟,周宗祥,卢国良.国内外电动汽车发展及前景预测.电力需求侧管理. 2008,10(1): 75~77
11杜雪飞,孙跃.混合电动车及其电气驱动系统.重庆大学学报. 2002, 25(9): 59~62
12张金柱.丰田第二代混合动力系统(THS II).内燃机. 2005, (3): 6~9, 14
13 K. T. Chau, C. C. Chan. Emerging Energy-Efficient Technologies for Hybrid Electric Vehicles. Proceedings of The IEEE. 2007, 95(4): 821~835
14 W. Qiang, T. B?ckstr?m and C. Sadarangni. A Novel Drive Strategy for Hybrid Electric Vehicles. IEEE International Electrical Machines and Drives Conference, Boston, 2001: 79~81
15 T. B?ckstr?m, C. Sadarangni and S. ?stlund. Integrated Energy Transducer for Hybrid Electric Vehicles. Eighth International Conference on Electrical Machines and Drives, 1997: 239~243
16 E. Nordlund, C. Sadarangani. Four-Quadrant Energy Transducer for Hybrid Electrical Vehicles Simulations and System Description. 19th Electric VehicleSymposium, Busan, Korea, 2002: 225~234
17 F. Magnussen, C. Sadarangani. Electromagnetic Transducer for Hybrid Electric Vehicles. Proceedings of the Nordic Workshop on Power and Industry Electronics. 2002, (8): 161~168
18 Ping Zheng, E. Nordlund, P. Thelin, C. Sadarangani. Investigation of The Winding Current Distribution in A 4-Quadrant-Transducer Prototype Machine. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics. 2005, 41(5): 1972~1975
19 Martin J. Hoeijmakers, Jan A. Ferreira. The Electrical Variable Transmission. Conference Record of The 2004 IEEE Industry Applications Conference 39th IAS Annual Meeting, 2004, Seattle, Washington, USA: 2770~2777.
20 M. J. Hoeijmakers, J. A. Ferreia. The Electrical Variable Transmission. Conference Record of The 2004 IEEE Industry Applications Conference 39th IAS Annual Meeting, 2004: 250~325
21宁可望.双转子机电能量变换器的基础研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文. 2006: 2~12
22 Y. Cheng, K. Y. Chen, C. C. Chan, A. Bouscayrol and S. M. Cui. Global Modeling and Control Strategy Simulation for a Hybrid Electric Vehicle Using Electrical Variable Transmission. IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, Harbin, China, 2008: 1~5
23崔淑梅,程远,陈清泉.先进汽车电气变速器.电工技术学报. 2006, 21(10): 111~116
24 S. M. Cui, Y. Cheng and C. C. Chan. A Basic Study of Electrical Variable Transmission and Its Application in Hybrid Electric Vehicle. IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, Windsor, UK, 2006: 1~4
25黄文祥.基于电磁能量转换的汽车传动系统控制策略的研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文. 2006: 11~26
26 L. Y. Xu. A New Breed of Electrical Machines-Basic Analysis and Applications of Dual Mechanical Port Electric Machines. Eighth International Conference on Electric Machines and Systems, Nanjing, 2005, 1: 24~31
27 L. Y. Xu, Y. Zhang. Design and Evaluation of a Dual Mechanical Port Machine and System. Proceedings of the 5th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference. 2006, 3: 1~5
28 Y. Zhang, L. Y. Xu. Application of Dual Mechanical Port Machine in Hybrid Electrical Vehicles. IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, United Kingdom, 2006: 1~5
29 T. Fan, X. H. Wen, S. Xue and L. Kong. A Unified Field Permanent Magnet Dual Mechanical Port Machine with Spoke Type PM Arrangement. IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, Harbin, China, 2008: 1~5
30 X. H. Guo, X. H. Wen, J. W. Chen, F. Zhao, and X. Z. Guo. Simulation of An Electrical Variable Transmission Based on Dual Mechanical Ports Electric Machine with Clutch. IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, Harbin, China, 2008: 1~5
31温旭辉,赵峰,范涛,徐隆亚.基于双机械端口电机的新型电力无级变速系统研究.电工技术学报. 2007, 22(7): 25~28
32赵静.轴向-轴向磁通复合结构永磁同步电机的基础研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文. 2007: 22~36
33吴芊.电动车用轴径向-轴向磁通复合结构永磁同步电机的研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文. 2008: 25~38
34沈琳.电动车用轴径向-径向磁通复合结构永磁同步电机的研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文. 2008: 37~50
35李丽娜.混合动力车用轴-径向磁通复合结构永磁同步电机的研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文. 2008: 35~46
36黄舒淳.交流发电机分数槽绕组设计.电机技术. 2009, 6: 4~8
37谭建成.三相无刷直流电动机分数槽集中绕组槽极数组合规律研究.微电机. 2007, 40(12): 72~77, 86
38董仕镇,马隽,沈建新.减少齿槽转矩的永磁电动机槽口优化设计.微特电机. 2007, 40(12):1~3
39 Bianchi N, Bolognani S, Cervaio S, et al. Brushless Motor Drives for Ventilation. Padova Italy, Dept Electrical Engineering. Univ, Padove, 2001: 1~22
40 Z Q. Zhu, D. Howe. Influence of Design Parameters on Cogging Torque in Permanent Magnet Machines. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion. 2000, 15(4): 407~412
41 Ping Zheng, Ranran Liu, Qian Wu, Jing Zhao and Zhiyuan Yao. Magnetic Coupling Analysis of Four-Quadrant Transducer Used for Hybrid Electric Vehicles. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics. 2007, 43(6): 2597~2599
42刘冉冉.混合动力车用径向-径向磁通复合结构永磁同步电机的研究.哈尔滨工业大学博士论文. 2010: 20~43
43黄旭珍.高功率密度永磁电机的损耗及温升特性的研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文. 2008: 1~7
44 D. Staton, A. Boglietti and A. Cavagnino. Solving The More Difficult Aspects of Electric Motor Thermal Analysis in Small and Medium Size Industrial Induction Motors. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion. 2005, 20: 620~628
45宋强,王志福,张承宁.电动车辆牵引电机绕组的温升测试方法研究.微特电机. 2006, (5): 1~3
46吴新振,王祥珩.异步电机双笼转子导条集肤效应的计算.中国电机工程学报. 2003, 23(3): 102~120
47 Ping Zheng, Ranran Liu, Peter Thelin, Erik Nordlund and Chandur Sadarangani. Research on The Cooling System of A 4QT Prototype Machine Used for HEV. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion. 2008, 23(1): 61~67
2胡骅,宋慧.电动汽车(第二版).人民交通出版社, 2006: 1~36
3欧阳名高.我国节能与新能源汽车发展战略与对策.汽车工程. 2006, 28(4): 317~321
4何洪文,祝嘉光,李剑.混合动力电动汽车技术发展与现状.车辆与动力技术. 2004, (2): 50~55
5岳东鹏,郝志勇,张俊智.混合动力电动汽车研究开发及前景展望.拖拉机与农用运输车. 2004, (2): 1~4, 13
6 Taehyung Kim, Hyung-Woo Lee and Mehrdad Ehsani. High Performance Brushless Permanent Magnet Motor/Generator Drives in Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles. Power Electronics Specialists Conference. 2006: 1~5
7 K. T. Chau, C. C. Chan. Emerging Energy-Efficient Technologies for Hybrid Electric Vehicles. Proceedings of The IEEE. 2007, 95(4): 821~835
8 C. C. Chan. The State of The Art of Electric and Hybrid Vehicles. Proceedings of The IEEE. 2002, 90(2): 247~275
9 O. D. Momoh, M. O. Omoigui. An Overview of Hybrid Electric Vehicle Technology. Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference. 2009: 1286~1292
10辛克伟,周宗祥,卢国良.国内外电动汽车发展及前景预测.电力需求侧管理. 2008,10(1): 75~77
11杜雪飞,孙跃.混合电动车及其电气驱动系统.重庆大学学报. 2002, 25(9): 59~62
12张金柱.丰田第二代混合动力系统(THS II).内燃机. 2005, (3): 6~9, 14
13 K. T. Chau, C. C. Chan. Emerging Energy-Efficient Technologies for Hybrid Electric Vehicles. Proceedings of The IEEE. 2007, 95(4): 821~835
14 W. Qiang, T. B?ckstr?m and C. Sadarangni. A Novel Drive Strategy for Hybrid Electric Vehicles. IEEE International Electrical Machines and Drives Conference, Boston, 2001: 79~81
15 T. B?ckstr?m, C. Sadarangni and S. ?stlund. Integrated Energy Transducer for Hybrid Electric Vehicles. Eighth International Conference on Electrical Machines and Drives, 1997: 239~243
16 E. Nordlund, C. Sadarangani. Four-Quadrant Energy Transducer for Hybrid Electrical Vehicles Simulations and System Description. 19th Electric VehicleSymposium, Busan, Korea, 2002: 225~234
17 F. Magnussen, C. Sadarangani. Electromagnetic Transducer for Hybrid Electric Vehicles. Proceedings of the Nordic Workshop on Power and Industry Electronics. 2002, (8): 161~168
18 Ping Zheng, E. Nordlund, P. Thelin, C. Sadarangani. Investigation of The Winding Current Distribution in A 4-Quadrant-Transducer Prototype Machine. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics. 2005, 41(5): 1972~1975
19 Martin J. Hoeijmakers, Jan A. Ferreira. The Electrical Variable Transmission. Conference Record of The 2004 IEEE Industry Applications Conference 39th IAS Annual Meeting, 2004, Seattle, Washington, USA: 2770~2777.
20 M. J. Hoeijmakers, J. A. Ferreia. The Electrical Variable Transmission. Conference Record of The 2004 IEEE Industry Applications Conference 39th IAS Annual Meeting, 2004: 250~325
21宁可望.双转子机电能量变换器的基础研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文. 2006: 2~12
22 Y. Cheng, K. Y. Chen, C. C. Chan, A. Bouscayrol and S. M. Cui. Global Modeling and Control Strategy Simulation for a Hybrid Electric Vehicle Using Electrical Variable Transmission. IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, Harbin, China, 2008: 1~5
23崔淑梅,程远,陈清泉.先进汽车电气变速器.电工技术学报. 2006, 21(10): 111~116
24 S. M. Cui, Y. Cheng and C. C. Chan. A Basic Study of Electrical Variable Transmission and Its Application in Hybrid Electric Vehicle. IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, Windsor, UK, 2006: 1~4
25黄文祥.基于电磁能量转换的汽车传动系统控制策略的研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文. 2006: 11~26
26 L. Y. Xu. A New Breed of Electrical Machines-Basic Analysis and Applications of Dual Mechanical Port Electric Machines. Eighth International Conference on Electric Machines and Systems, Nanjing, 2005, 1: 24~31
27 L. Y. Xu, Y. Zhang. Design and Evaluation of a Dual Mechanical Port Machine and System. Proceedings of the 5th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference. 2006, 3: 1~5
28 Y. Zhang, L. Y. Xu. Application of Dual Mechanical Port Machine in Hybrid Electrical Vehicles. IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, United Kingdom, 2006: 1~5
29 T. Fan, X. H. Wen, S. Xue and L. Kong. A Unified Field Permanent Magnet Dual Mechanical Port Machine with Spoke Type PM Arrangement. IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, Harbin, China, 2008: 1~5
30 X. H. Guo, X. H. Wen, J. W. Chen, F. Zhao, and X. Z. Guo. Simulation of An Electrical Variable Transmission Based on Dual Mechanical Ports Electric Machine with Clutch. IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, Harbin, China, 2008: 1~5
31温旭辉,赵峰,范涛,徐隆亚.基于双机械端口电机的新型电力无级变速系统研究.电工技术学报. 2007, 22(7): 25~28
32赵静.轴向-轴向磁通复合结构永磁同步电机的基础研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文. 2007: 22~36
33吴芊.电动车用轴径向-轴向磁通复合结构永磁同步电机的研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文. 2008: 25~38
34沈琳.电动车用轴径向-径向磁通复合结构永磁同步电机的研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文. 2008: 37~50
35李丽娜.混合动力车用轴-径向磁通复合结构永磁同步电机的研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文. 2008: 35~46
36黄舒淳.交流发电机分数槽绕组设计.电机技术. 2009, 6: 4~8
37谭建成.三相无刷直流电动机分数槽集中绕组槽极数组合规律研究.微电机. 2007, 40(12): 72~77, 86
38董仕镇,马隽,沈建新.减少齿槽转矩的永磁电动机槽口优化设计.微特电机. 2007, 40(12):1~3
39 Bianchi N, Bolognani S, Cervaio S, et al. Brushless Motor Drives for Ventilation. Padova Italy, Dept Electrical Engineering. Univ, Padove, 2001: 1~22
40 Z Q. Zhu, D. Howe. Influence of Design Parameters on Cogging Torque in Permanent Magnet Machines. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion. 2000, 15(4): 407~412
41 Ping Zheng, Ranran Liu, Qian Wu, Jing Zhao and Zhiyuan Yao. Magnetic Coupling Analysis of Four-Quadrant Transducer Used for Hybrid Electric Vehicles. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics. 2007, 43(6): 2597~2599
42刘冉冉.混合动力车用径向-径向磁通复合结构永磁同步电机的研究.哈尔滨工业大学博士论文. 2010: 20~43
43黄旭珍.高功率密度永磁电机的损耗及温升特性的研究.哈尔滨工业大学硕士论文. 2008: 1~7
44 D. Staton, A. Boglietti and A. Cavagnino. Solving The More Difficult Aspects of Electric Motor Thermal Analysis in Small and Medium Size Industrial Induction Motors. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion. 2005, 20: 620~628
45宋强,王志福,张承宁.电动车辆牵引电机绕组的温升测试方法研究.微特电机. 2006, (5): 1~3
46吴新振,王祥珩.异步电机双笼转子导条集肤效应的计算.中国电机工程学报. 2003, 23(3): 102~120
47 Ping Zheng, Ranran Liu, Peter Thelin, Erik Nordlund and Chandur Sadarangani. Research on The Cooling System of A 4QT Prototype Machine Used for HEV. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion. 2008, 23(1): 61~67