新型ALA+SPM组合式转子电机设计及实验研究
|
摘要
组合式转子电机集高密度轴向叠片各向异性(ALA)转子宽弱磁扩速范围和面贴式永磁同步电机(SPM)高转矩密度、高效率、高过载倍数等优点于一体,且克服了它们各自的缺点。实际上,在转子总长度一定的情况下,ALA段和SPM段长度关系及两段转子d轴偏转角对组合式转子电机的性能有着特别的影响和特殊的意义,两段转子长度合理分配和偏转角合适调节的组合式转子电机在高品质交流传动中具有广阔的发展前景。本文深入研究ALA+SPM组合式转子电机的运行性能,为该新型电机走向实用化提供更有力的技术支撑。
论文从交流传动系统的发展出发,介绍了组合式转子电机的研究现状,并对ALA转子电机和永磁同步电机的工作原理、转子结构、电磁关系和数学模型进行了全面分析。在此基础上,提出以电流限幅控制方式为组合式转子电机的安全运行条件,相量图为基本分析工具,研究永磁段占全长的比值k和两段转子d轴偏转角α的基本设计规律。
提出了两段转子长度固定,偏转角可调的实验样机结构方案,首次制作了一台4极偏转角可调的ALA+SPM组合式转子电机,并开展了系统而全面的实验研究。
电磁参数是评估电机运行性能的关键数据。为此,对不同偏转角的组合式转子样机参数进行了详细测定,结果表明,永磁段各向同性的组合式转子电机,偏转角基本不影响直轴电感、交轴电感和空载电动势大小。
空载起动能力是电机走向实用化的基本要求。本文比较了不同偏转角的组合式转子电机开环变频空载起动性能。结果证实了合适偏转角的组合式转子电机在逆变器电源供电下能同步升速到额定转速稳定运行,且具有良好的快速响应能力和较强的过载能力,与理论分析一致。
弱磁扩速是电机高速发展的关键。本文采用发电机组电源供电简易验证了不同偏转角的组合式转子电机的弱磁扩速能力,结果证实了合适偏转角的组合式转子电机具有更宽的扩速范围。
稳定运行是电机性能指标的基本要素。提出用小信号扰动法分析组合式转子电机稳定性,得出组合式转子电机轴上附加惯性阻尼器能减弱或消除系统振荡,提高系统的稳定性,改善系统的动稳态性能,仿真和实验验证了此方法有效可行。
A surface permanent magnet (SPM) machine has the characteristics of high power density, high efficiency and strong overload capacity. The axially-laminated anisotropic (ALA) reluctance machine can achieve a wide constant power speed range (CPSR). Therefore, the ALA+SPM combined rotor machine is expected to obtain the advantages of the SPM rotor machine and the ALA rotor machine, and overcome their shortcomings respectively. However, the performance of ALA+SPM machine is specially affected by both the fraction length of the two-part rotor with a fixed rotor full length and the deflection angle between two-part d-axes. The ALA+SPM combined rotor machine with reasonable designed the two new variables has a good applied prospect in the system of high-quality AC drive. To provide the new type machine with powerful technical support for its application in the near future, the operating performance of the machine is researched deeply in this paper,
Based on the development of AC drive system, this paper firstly introduces the study status of the combined rotor machine, and maks a detailed analysis on the operating principles, the rotor structure, electromagnetic relations and mathematical model of the SPM rotor machine and the ALA rotor machine. Then, the basic design rules of the variables k, the fraction length of SPM part, and a, the deflection angle between two part d-axes are researched under the proposed current limit control condition for the safe operation of the combined rotor machine, using the phasor diagram in d-q reference as the tool for analysis of the machine,
A 4-pole prototype with the two-part rotor fixed length and adjustable deflection angle was proposed and manufactured for the first time, on which the comprehensive and systematic experimental researches are implemented.
Electromagnetic parameters are critical data to assess the performance of a machine. Parameters of the prototype with the different deflection angle are tested in detail. Analysis results indicate that the deflection angle has little influence on d-axis inductance, q-axis inductance and no-load back electromotive force for the combined rotor machine with isotropic PM part (e. g., SPM).
The capability of no-load startup is an essential requirement for the application of a machine. The no-load startup performance of the combined machine of the different deflection angle with open-loop VVVF control is discussed. Results show that the combined machine of the reasonable angle a can operate synchronously from standstill to rated speed with inverter power supply, and obtain fast response and strong overload capacity, in accordance with theory analysis.
Constant power speed range through field-weakening control is identified as the key technology for a machine to get further development in high speed field. The relevant experiments on combined rotor machine with different a are carried out with the help of sine wave generator set. Experimental results proved that the reasonable a can obtain wider CPSR.
Steady operation is the fundamental performance norm. The method to analyze the stability of the combined rotor machine by using the small-signal model is proposed. Conclusions are drawn that the additional mechanical inertia damper on rotor shaft can eliminate or abate systematic oscillation, and improve the stability of the system as well as dynamic performance. Experimental results verify that the method is effective and feasible.
论文从交流传动系统的发展出发,介绍了组合式转子电机的研究现状,并对ALA转子电机和永磁同步电机的工作原理、转子结构、电磁关系和数学模型进行了全面分析。在此基础上,提出以电流限幅控制方式为组合式转子电机的安全运行条件,相量图为基本分析工具,研究永磁段占全长的比值k和两段转子d轴偏转角α的基本设计规律。
提出了两段转子长度固定,偏转角可调的实验样机结构方案,首次制作了一台4极偏转角可调的ALA+SPM组合式转子电机,并开展了系统而全面的实验研究。
电磁参数是评估电机运行性能的关键数据。为此,对不同偏转角的组合式转子样机参数进行了详细测定,结果表明,永磁段各向同性的组合式转子电机,偏转角基本不影响直轴电感、交轴电感和空载电动势大小。
空载起动能力是电机走向实用化的基本要求。本文比较了不同偏转角的组合式转子电机开环变频空载起动性能。结果证实了合适偏转角的组合式转子电机在逆变器电源供电下能同步升速到额定转速稳定运行,且具有良好的快速响应能力和较强的过载能力,与理论分析一致。
弱磁扩速是电机高速发展的关键。本文采用发电机组电源供电简易验证了不同偏转角的组合式转子电机的弱磁扩速能力,结果证实了合适偏转角的组合式转子电机具有更宽的扩速范围。
稳定运行是电机性能指标的基本要素。提出用小信号扰动法分析组合式转子电机稳定性,得出组合式转子电机轴上附加惯性阻尼器能减弱或消除系统振荡,提高系统的稳定性,改善系统的动稳态性能,仿真和实验验证了此方法有效可行。
A surface permanent magnet (SPM) machine has the characteristics of high power density, high efficiency and strong overload capacity. The axially-laminated anisotropic (ALA) reluctance machine can achieve a wide constant power speed range (CPSR). Therefore, the ALA+SPM combined rotor machine is expected to obtain the advantages of the SPM rotor machine and the ALA rotor machine, and overcome their shortcomings respectively. However, the performance of ALA+SPM machine is specially affected by both the fraction length of the two-part rotor with a fixed rotor full length and the deflection angle between two-part d-axes. The ALA+SPM combined rotor machine with reasonable designed the two new variables has a good applied prospect in the system of high-quality AC drive. To provide the new type machine with powerful technical support for its application in the near future, the operating performance of the machine is researched deeply in this paper,
Based on the development of AC drive system, this paper firstly introduces the study status of the combined rotor machine, and maks a detailed analysis on the operating principles, the rotor structure, electromagnetic relations and mathematical model of the SPM rotor machine and the ALA rotor machine. Then, the basic design rules of the variables k, the fraction length of SPM part, and a, the deflection angle between two part d-axes are researched under the proposed current limit control condition for the safe operation of the combined rotor machine, using the phasor diagram in d-q reference as the tool for analysis of the machine,
A 4-pole prototype with the two-part rotor fixed length and adjustable deflection angle was proposed and manufactured for the first time, on which the comprehensive and systematic experimental researches are implemented.
Electromagnetic parameters are critical data to assess the performance of a machine. Parameters of the prototype with the different deflection angle are tested in detail. Analysis results indicate that the deflection angle has little influence on d-axis inductance, q-axis inductance and no-load back electromotive force for the combined rotor machine with isotropic PM part (e. g., SPM).
The capability of no-load startup is an essential requirement for the application of a machine. The no-load startup performance of the combined machine of the different deflection angle with open-loop VVVF control is discussed. Results show that the combined machine of the reasonable angle a can operate synchronously from standstill to rated speed with inverter power supply, and obtain fast response and strong overload capacity, in accordance with theory analysis.
Constant power speed range through field-weakening control is identified as the key technology for a machine to get further development in high speed field. The relevant experiments on combined rotor machine with different a are carried out with the help of sine wave generator set. Experimental results proved that the reasonable a can obtain wider CPSR.
Steady operation is the fundamental performance norm. The method to analyze the stability of the combined rotor machine by using the small-signal model is proposed. Conclusions are drawn that the additional mechanical inertia damper on rotor shaft can eliminate or abate systematic oscillation, and improve the stability of the system as well as dynamic performance. Experimental results verify that the method is effective and feasible.
引文
[1]Depenbrock M.Direct self control(DSC) of inverter-fed induction machines[J]. IEEE Trans. PE,1988(4).
[2]陈伯时.电力拖动自动控制系统一运动控制系统[M].机械工业出版社,2003.
[3]李永东.交流电机数字控制系统[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2002.
[4]李华德.交流调速控制系统[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2003.
[5]唐任远.现代永磁电机理论与设计[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2002.
[6]Profumo,F.,A.Tenconi,et al.Novel axial flux interior PM synchronous motor realized with powdered soft magnetic materials[C].IAS Meeting Proceeding,1998.
[7]Mademlis C. Compensation of magnetic saturation in maximum torque to current vector controlled synchronous reluctance motor drives[J].Energy Conversion,IEEE Transactions on,Volume 18,Issue 3,Sept.2003:379-385.
[8]Rashad E.M., Radwan T.S., Rahman M.A. A maximum torque per ampere vector control strategy for synchronous reluctance motors considering saturation and iron losses[C].Industry Applications Conference,39th IAS Annual Meeting.Conference Record of the 2004 IEEE,Volume 4,3-7 Oct.2004:2411-2417.
[9]Hofmann H.F., Sanders S.R., EL-Antably A. Stator-flux-oriented vector control of synchronous reluctance Machines with maximized efficiency[J].Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions on,Volume 51,Issue 5,Oct.2004:1066-1072.
[10]Sim Dong-Joon, Jung Hyun-Kyo, Hahn Song-Yop, et al. Application of vector optimization employing modified genetic algorithm to permanent magnet motor design[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,1997,33(2):1888-1891.
[11]Kazuhiro Ohyama and Katsuji Shinohara. Small-signal stability analysis of vector control system of induction motor without speed sensor using synchronous current regulator [J]. IEEE Transtractions on Industry Applications,2000,36(6):1669-1675.
[12]窦汝振,温旭辉.永磁同步电动机直接转矩控制的弱磁运行分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(12)：117-121.
[13]孙丹,贺益康.基于恒定开关频率空间矢量调制的永磁同步电机直接转矩控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(6)：112-116.
[14]Li Zhong, Eahman M F, Hu W Y, et al. Analysis of direct torque control in permanent magnet synchronous motor drives[J].IEEE Trans.on Power Electronics,1997,12(3): 528-535.
[15]徐衍亮.电动汽车用永磁同步电动机功率特性及弱磁扩速能力研究(二)[J].山东大学学报：工学版,2002,32(5)：412-417.
[16]Cruickshank AJ.O., Menzies R.W., Anderson A.F. Correspondence:Axially laminated anisotropic rotors for reluctance motors[J]. IEE Proceedings,1966,113 (12):2058-2060.
[17]易明军,辜承林.高凸极比轴向叠片式转子电机设计及其参数测定.微特电机,2000(2)：15-17.
[18]严岚.永磁无刷直流电机弱磁技术研究[D].杭州：浙江大学博士学位论文,2004
[19]辜承林,Chalmers B J.高密度轴向叠片式ALA转子同步电机的优化设计[J].中国电机工程学报,1998,18(1)：29-33.
[20]辜承林,李朗如.转子轴向叠压各向异性(ALA)磁阻电机磁场、参数及性能的分析与计算[J].中国电机工程学报,1994,14(3)：14-20.
[21]Nicola Bianchi, Chalmers Brian J. Axially laminated reluctance motor: analytical and finite-element methods for magnetic analysis[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2002,38(1):39-245.
[22]Boldea I., Fu Z.X., Nasar S.A. Performance evaluation of axially-laminated anisotropic(ALA) rotor reluctance synchronous motors[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,1994,30(4):977-985.
[23]周立求.ALA转子同步磁阻电机直接转矩控制系统研究[D].武汉：华中科技大学博士毕业论文,2005.
[24]周立求.ALA转子电机及其控制系统[J].黄石理工学院学报,2006,22(6)：1-4,11.
[25]Station D.A., Miller T.J.E. and Wood S.E.. Maximising the saliency ratio of the synchronous relctance motor[J]. IEE proceedings-B,1993,140(40):249-259.
[26]Isaac F.N., Arkadan A.A. and El-Antably A. Magnetic field and core loss evaluation of ALA-motor synchronous reluctance machines taking into account material anisotropy[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,1998,34(5):3507-3510.
[27]Arkadan A A, Isaac F N, Mohammed O A. Parameters evaluation of ALA synchronous reluctance motor drives[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2000,36 (4):1950-1953.
[28]Boldea I., Fu Z.X. and Nasar S.A. High-performance reluctance generator[J]. IEE proceedings-B,1993,140(2):124-130.
[29]Matsuo T., T.A.Lipo. Field oriented control of synchronous reluctance machine[C]. Power Electronics Specialists Conference,1993. PESC'93 Record.24th Annual IEEE, 20-24 June 1993:425-431.
[30]Isaac F.N., Arkadan A.A., Russell A.A.,et al.Effects of anisotropy on the performance characteristics of an axially laminated anisotropic-rotor synchronous reluctance motor drive system[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,1998,34(5):3600-3603.
[31]Thomas A.Lipo, Paul C.Krause.Stability analysis of a reluctance-synchronos machine[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Appartus and System,1967,pas-86(7):825-834.
[32]J.Malan and Kamper M.J..Performance of a hybrid electric vehicle using reluctance synchronous machine technology[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2001:1319-1324.
[33]Germishuizen J.J., Van der Merwe F.S. and Kamper M.J.Performance comparison of reluctance synchronous and induction traction drives for electrical multiple units[C]. IEEE Industry Applications Conference,2000:316-323.
[34]Gu C.L., Chalmers B.J. and Lu C.W. Rotor design optimization of synchronous machine with two-part rotor[C].IEEE International Electric Machines and Drives Conf,1997,TB2/6.1-TB2/6.3.
[35]Gu C.L., Li L.R., Shao K.R., et al. Anisotropic finite element computation of high density axially-laminated rotor reluctance machine[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,1994,30(5):3679-3682.
[36]易明军,辜承林.ALA转子电机的实验研究[J].微特电机,2000,28(6)：6-9.
[37]吴志峤.ALA转子电机新结构及其实验研究[D].武汉：华中科技大学硕士毕业论文, 2002.
[38]吴志峤,辜承林.新型组合式转子同步电机参数研究[J].电机与控制学报,2002,6(1)：10-13.
[39]王英,辜承林.ALA转子电机振荡特性的实验研究[J].华中理工大学学报,1998,26(11)：35-37.
[40]辜承林,易明军.轴向迭片各向异性转子电机振荡及异步运行分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2000,20(12)：7-10.
[41]王英,辜承林,田一.ALA转子磁阻同步电动机的开环运行特性[J].大连铁道学院学报,2000,21(2)：50-53.
[42]王英,王宗培,辜承林.ALA转子磁阻同步电动机的动态不稳定性[J].电工技术学报,2000,15(5)：30-33.
[43]朱建华,辜承林.变频器驱动下ALA转子电机运行性能的实验研究[J].微特电机,2007,35(7)：1-3,7.
[44]朱建华.ALA转子电机的动稳定性研究[D].武汉：华中科技大学硕士毕业论文,2005.
[45]易明军.ALA转子电机启动特性的实验研究[J].电工电能新技术,2000(2)：22-25.
[46]易明军.ALA转子电机及其控制系统的研究[D].武汉：华中科技大学硕士毕业论文,1999.
[47]周立求,辜承林.直接转矩控制用于同步机的特点综述和仿真分析[J].电机与控制学报,2005,9(1)：59-63.
[48]Zhou L.Q., Zhu J.H., Gu C.L. A Direct Torque Control Scheme of ALA Synchronous Reluctance Machine and Its DSP-based Implementation[C].Industrial Electronics Society,31th Annual Conference of the IEEE,North Carolina,USA,Nov.6-10,2005: 1689-1964.
[49]Zhou L.Q., Zhu J.H., Gu C.L. The Study of Direct Torque Control Used in the Startup Process of ALA Rotor Motor[C].The Eighth International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems,Nanjing,P.R.China,Sept.27-29,2005:730-733.
[50]周立求,朱建华,辜承林.轴向叠片各向异性转子同步磁阻电机直接转矩控制的研 究[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(4)：154-158.
[51]秦岭,郭可忠.同步磁阻电动机滑模变结构控制器的设计与仿真[J].上海交通大学学报,2001(8)：1246-1249.
[52]Zhang Fengge, Wang Zheng and Wang Fengxiang.Open-loop dynamic characteristic comparison of doubly-fed brushless machine with ALA and cage rotor[C].IEEE Electrical Machines and Systems Conf,2001:1053-1056.
[53]Wang Fengxiang, Zhang Fengge and Xu Longya. Parameter and performance comparison of doubly fed brushless machine with cage and reluctance rotors[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2002,38(5):1237-1243.
[54]Rauch S.E., Johnson L. J. Design principle of flux-switching alternator[J]. ALEE Trans.,1955,74111:1261-1268.
[55]胡勤丰.永磁式双凸极电机稳态特性研究[D].南京：南京航空航天大学博士学位论文,2005.
[56]Chalmers B J, Akmese R, Musaba L, Design and field-weakening performance of permanent-magnet/reluctance motor with two-part rotor[C]. Proceeding Institution Electrical Engineering,1998,145(2):133-139.
[57]Chalmers B J, Musaba L.Design and field-weakening performance of a synchronous reluctance motor with axially-laminated rotor[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,1998,34(5):1035-1041.
[58]Shigeo Morimoto, Masayuki Sanada and Yoji Takeda. Performance of PM-assisted synchronous reluctance motor for high-efficiency and wide constant-power operation [J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2001,37(5):1234-1240.
[59]Boldea I, Tutelea L, Pitic C I. PM-assisted reluctance synchronous motor/generator (PM-RSM) for mild hybrid vehicles:electromagnetic design[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2004,40(2):492-498.
[60]Cheng Ming and Zhou E, Investigation of the composite solid rotor reluctance motor [C]. Proceedings of International Conference on Electrical Machines, Cambridge, USA, August 12-15,1990:824-829.
[61]郭伟,赵争鸣.新型同步磁阻永磁电机的结构与电磁参数关系分析[J].中国电机工 程学报,2005,25(11)：124-128.
[62]Richard G.Hoft. Liyapunov stability analysis of reluctance motors[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Appartus and Systems,1968, Vol.PAS-87(6):1485-1491.
[63]MAHARAJ K.Khanijo, AJOY K.Mohanty.Stability of reluctance synchronous motor [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Appartus and Systems,1968, Vol. PAS-87(12):2009-2015.
[64]Honsinger V B. Steady state performance of reluctance machine[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Syatems,1971, PAS-90:305-311.
[65]Chandana Perera P D, Frede Blaabjerg, et al.Pedersen John k.A sensorless, stable V/f control method for permanent-magnet synchronous motor drives[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2003,39(3):783-791.
[66]Chandana Perera P.D., Blaabjerg F., Pedersen J.K., et al. Open loop stability and stabilization of permanent magnet synchronous motor drives using DC-link current [C]. Proceding IEEE Nordic Workshop on Power and Industrial Electronics,2000: 47-53.
[67]Jee-Hoon Jung, Gang-Youl Jeong, and Bong-Hwan Kwon. Stability improvement of V/f-controlled induction motor drive systems by a dynamic current compensator[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electonics,2004,51(4):930-933.
[68]谷爱昱,陆永平.脉振磁场永磁低速同步电动机的稳定性分析[J].中小型电机,2003,30(1)：21-23.
[69]Lawrenson P J, Kingham I E. Viscously coupled inertial damping of stepping motor[J]. Proceedings IEE,1975,122(10):1137-1140.
[70]朱建华,辜承林.新型组合式轴向叠片转子电机结构及参数计算[J].微电机,2002(4)：14-17.
[71]辜承林.电机学(第2版)[M].武汉：华中科技大学出版社,2005.
[72]辜承林.机电动力系统分析[M].武汉：华中理工大学出版社,1995.
[73]周雅鹏.基于自适应观测器的可控磁通永磁同步电机控制系统研究[D].天津：天津大学,2009.
[74]金孟加.面贴式永磁同步电机直接转矩控制策略研究[D].杭州：浙江大学,2006.
[75]仲维刚.内置混合式转子可控磁通永磁同步电机有限元分析与控制[D].天津：天津大学,2008
[76]杜成顺.ALA转子电机无传感器变频调速系统实验研究[D].武汉：华中科技大学,2007.
[77]Colby R.S., Novotny D.W. An efficiency-optimizing permanent magnet synchronous motor drive[J], IEEE transactions on Industry Applications,1988,24(5):462-469.
[78]Arkadan A.A. Hanbali A.A. Al-Aawar N. Design optimization of ALA rotor synRM drives using T-AI-EM enviromment[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2007,43 (4):1645-1648.
[79]Osheba S.M., Abdel-Kader F.M. Dynamic performance analysis of reluctance motors using damping and synchronising torques[J].IEE Proc-Electr.Power Appl,1990,137 (4):231-238.
[80]Arkadan A.A., Isaac F.N., Russell A.A.,et al.Computer aided models for the characterization of synchronous reluctance motor drive systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,1999,14(4):1459-1464.
[81]RICHARD F.Schiferl, THOMAS A.Lipo.Power capability of salient pole permanent magnet synchronous motors in variable speed drive applications[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,1990,26(1):115-123.
[82]Isaac F.N., Arkadan A.A. and El-Antably A.Characterization of axially laminated anisotropic-rotor synchronous reluctance motors[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,1999,14(3):506-511.
[83]Blaschke F., J.vander Burgt, Vandenput A. Sensorless direct field orientation at zero flux frequency[J]. Industry Applications Conference, Thirty-First IAS Annual Meeting, IEEE Vol.1,1996:189-196.
[84]窦汝振,辛明华,杜智明.基于矢量控制的电动汽车用异步电动机弱磁控制方法论[J].电机与控制应用,2009,36(5)：25-27.
[85]陈阳生,王文中.在恒转矩和弱磁控制状态下的各种永磁同步电机负载铁耗[J].电工技术学报,2007,22(9)：45-50.
[86]Kim Sang-Hoon, Sul Seung-Ki. Voltage control strategy for maximum torque operation of an induction machine in the field-weakening region[J]. IEEE Transtractions on Industrial Electronics,1997,44(4):512-518.
[87]Bachir Abdelhadi, Azeddine Benoudjit, and Nasreddine Nait-Said. Application of genetic algorithm with a novel adaptive scheme for the identification of induction machine parameters[J].IEEE Transtractions on Energy Conversion,2005,20(2): 284-291.
[88]Nicola Bianchi, Silverio Bolognani,Chalmers Brian J.Salient-rotor PM synchronous motors for an extended flux-weakening operation range[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2000,36(4):1118-1125.
[89]赵宇,宁圃奇,柴建云.新型复合转子永磁磁阻电机设计[J].电机与控制应用,2007,34(1)：7-10.
[90]Laurent Jolly, M. A. Jabbar and Liu Qinghua. Optimization of the constant power speed range of a saturated permanent-magnet synchronous motor[J]. IEEE Transtractions on Industry Applications,2006,42(4):1024-1030.
[91]Rahman M.F., Zhong L.,Khiang Wee Lim.A direct torque-controlled interior permanent magnet synchronous motor drive incorporating field weakening[J].IEEE Transactions on industry applications,1998,34(6):1246-1253.
[92]THOMAS M.Jahns.Flux-weakening regime operation of an interior permanent-magnet synchronous motor drive[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 1987, Vol. IA-23 (4):681-689.
[93]Rahman M.F., Zhong L., Enamul Hque Md.,et al. A direct torque controlled interior permanent-magnet synchronous motor drive without a speed sensor[J]. IEEE, Transactions on energy conversion,2003,18(1):17-22.
[94]THOMAS M.Jahns, GERALD B.Kliman and THOMAS W.Neuman.Interior permanent-Magnet synchronous motors for adjustable-speed drives[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,1986, Vol.IA-22(4):738-747.
[95]Ayman M.EL-Refaie, Donald W.Novotny and Thomas M.Jahans.Asimple model for flux weakening in surface PM synchronous machines using back-to-back thyristors[J]. IEEE power electronics letters,2004,2(2):54-57.
[96]Rahman M.F., Zhong L. Voltage switching tables for DTC controlled interior permanent magnet motor[C]. Industrial Electronics Society, The 25th Annual Conference of the IEEE, Vol.3,29 Nov.-3 Dec.1999:1445-1451.
[97]Masahide Ooshima,Akira Chiba,Azizur Rahman,et al.An improved control method of buried-type IPM bearingless motors considering magnetic saturation and magnetic pull variation[J].IEEE Transtractions on Energy Conversion,2004,19(3):569-575.
[98]胡奇锋,贺益康,唐益民.基于DSP永磁同步电机直接转矩控制系统研究[J].电力电子技术,2004,38(1)：16-18.
[99]林伟杰.永磁同步电机伺服系统控制策略的研究[D].杭州：浙江大学博士论文,2005.
[100]黄科元,贺益康.矩阵式变换器励磁的双馈电机磁场定向控制研究[J].大电机技术,2003(6)：26-30.
[101]李斌斌,窦满峰,张鑫.稀土永磁同步电动机直、交轴电感简易计算方法[J].微电机,2008,41(11)：19-20,39.
[102]莫会成.永磁交流伺服电动机的参数分析[J].微电机,2005,38(3)：3-6.
[103]陈东锁.变频空调中的永磁电机电感分析[C].泛珠三角制冷空调行业自动化技术(节能)应用论坛,2006：68-72.
[104]朱建华.新型组合式转子电机的分析计算与实验研究[J].微电机,2006,39(3)：15-17,40.
[105]吴志峤,辜承林.ALA转子电机稳定性研究[J].电机与控制学报,2003,7(3)：182-186.
[106]李伟.电压型逆变器供电的异步牵引电动机电磁设计和稳态特性研究[D].重庆：重庆大学硕士学位论文,2004.
[107]李伟,韩力.逆变器供电的感应电动机谐波转矩分析与计算[J].微特电机,2005,33(4)：7-9.
[108]李辉.双馈水轮发电机系统建模与仿真及其智能控制策略的研究[D].重庆：重庆大学博士论文,2004.
[109]杨顺昌,廖勇,余渝.考虑谐波影响后交流励磁电动机电磁转矩的分析与计算[J].电工技术学报,2003,18(1)：5-9.
[110]刘润爱,张根保,黄强,巩丽.提高零传动滚齿轮系统刚度的研究[J].系统仿真学报, 2006,18(3)：710-712.
[111]陈学珍,辜承林.组合转子同步电机稳定性探讨[J].电机与控制学报,2010,14(12)：41-46.
[2]陈伯时.电力拖动自动控制系统一运动控制系统[M].机械工业出版社,2003.
[3]李永东.交流电机数字控制系统[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2002.
[4]李华德.交流调速控制系统[M].北京：电子工业出版社,2003.
[5]唐任远.现代永磁电机理论与设计[M].北京：机械工业出版社,2002.
[6]Profumo,F.,A.Tenconi,et al.Novel axial flux interior PM synchronous motor realized with powdered soft magnetic materials[C].IAS Meeting Proceeding,1998.
[7]Mademlis C. Compensation of magnetic saturation in maximum torque to current vector controlled synchronous reluctance motor drives[J].Energy Conversion,IEEE Transactions on,Volume 18,Issue 3,Sept.2003:379-385.
[8]Rashad E.M., Radwan T.S., Rahman M.A. A maximum torque per ampere vector control strategy for synchronous reluctance motors considering saturation and iron losses[C].Industry Applications Conference,39th IAS Annual Meeting.Conference Record of the 2004 IEEE,Volume 4,3-7 Oct.2004:2411-2417.
[9]Hofmann H.F., Sanders S.R., EL-Antably A. Stator-flux-oriented vector control of synchronous reluctance Machines with maximized efficiency[J].Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions on,Volume 51,Issue 5,Oct.2004:1066-1072.
[10]Sim Dong-Joon, Jung Hyun-Kyo, Hahn Song-Yop, et al. Application of vector optimization employing modified genetic algorithm to permanent magnet motor design[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,1997,33(2):1888-1891.
[11]Kazuhiro Ohyama and Katsuji Shinohara. Small-signal stability analysis of vector control system of induction motor without speed sensor using synchronous current regulator [J]. IEEE Transtractions on Industry Applications,2000,36(6):1669-1675.
[12]窦汝振,温旭辉.永磁同步电动机直接转矩控制的弱磁运行分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(12)：117-121.
[13]孙丹,贺益康.基于恒定开关频率空间矢量调制的永磁同步电机直接转矩控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2005,25(6)：112-116.
[14]Li Zhong, Eahman M F, Hu W Y, et al. Analysis of direct torque control in permanent magnet synchronous motor drives[J].IEEE Trans.on Power Electronics,1997,12(3): 528-535.
[15]徐衍亮.电动汽车用永磁同步电动机功率特性及弱磁扩速能力研究(二)[J].山东大学学报：工学版,2002,32(5)：412-417.
[16]Cruickshank AJ.O., Menzies R.W., Anderson A.F. Correspondence:Axially laminated anisotropic rotors for reluctance motors[J]. IEE Proceedings,1966,113 (12):2058-2060.
[17]易明军,辜承林.高凸极比轴向叠片式转子电机设计及其参数测定.微特电机,2000(2)：15-17.
[18]严岚.永磁无刷直流电机弱磁技术研究[D].杭州：浙江大学博士学位论文,2004
[19]辜承林,Chalmers B J.高密度轴向叠片式ALA转子同步电机的优化设计[J].中国电机工程学报,1998,18(1)：29-33.
[20]辜承林,李朗如.转子轴向叠压各向异性(ALA)磁阻电机磁场、参数及性能的分析与计算[J].中国电机工程学报,1994,14(3)：14-20.
[21]Nicola Bianchi, Chalmers Brian J. Axially laminated reluctance motor: analytical and finite-element methods for magnetic analysis[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 2002,38(1):39-245.
[22]Boldea I., Fu Z.X., Nasar S.A. Performance evaluation of axially-laminated anisotropic(ALA) rotor reluctance synchronous motors[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,1994,30(4):977-985.
[23]周立求.ALA转子同步磁阻电机直接转矩控制系统研究[D].武汉：华中科技大学博士毕业论文,2005.
[24]周立求.ALA转子电机及其控制系统[J].黄石理工学院学报,2006,22(6)：1-4,11.
[25]Station D.A., Miller T.J.E. and Wood S.E.. Maximising the saliency ratio of the synchronous relctance motor[J]. IEE proceedings-B,1993,140(40):249-259.
[26]Isaac F.N., Arkadan A.A. and El-Antably A. Magnetic field and core loss evaluation of ALA-motor synchronous reluctance machines taking into account material anisotropy[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,1998,34(5):3507-3510.
[27]Arkadan A A, Isaac F N, Mohammed O A. Parameters evaluation of ALA synchronous reluctance motor drives[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2000,36 (4):1950-1953.
[28]Boldea I., Fu Z.X. and Nasar S.A. High-performance reluctance generator[J]. IEE proceedings-B,1993,140(2):124-130.
[29]Matsuo T., T.A.Lipo. Field oriented control of synchronous reluctance machine[C]. Power Electronics Specialists Conference,1993. PESC'93 Record.24th Annual IEEE, 20-24 June 1993:425-431.
[30]Isaac F.N., Arkadan A.A., Russell A.A.,et al.Effects of anisotropy on the performance characteristics of an axially laminated anisotropic-rotor synchronous reluctance motor drive system[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,1998,34(5):3600-3603.
[31]Thomas A.Lipo, Paul C.Krause.Stability analysis of a reluctance-synchronos machine[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Appartus and System,1967,pas-86(7):825-834.
[32]J.Malan and Kamper M.J..Performance of a hybrid electric vehicle using reluctance synchronous machine technology[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 2001:1319-1324.
[33]Germishuizen J.J., Van der Merwe F.S. and Kamper M.J.Performance comparison of reluctance synchronous and induction traction drives for electrical multiple units[C]. IEEE Industry Applications Conference,2000:316-323.
[34]Gu C.L., Chalmers B.J. and Lu C.W. Rotor design optimization of synchronous machine with two-part rotor[C].IEEE International Electric Machines and Drives Conf,1997,TB2/6.1-TB2/6.3.
[35]Gu C.L., Li L.R., Shao K.R., et al. Anisotropic finite element computation of high density axially-laminated rotor reluctance machine[J].IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,1994,30(5):3679-3682.
[36]易明军,辜承林.ALA转子电机的实验研究[J].微特电机,2000,28(6)：6-9.
[37]吴志峤.ALA转子电机新结构及其实验研究[D].武汉：华中科技大学硕士毕业论文, 2002.
[38]吴志峤,辜承林.新型组合式转子同步电机参数研究[J].电机与控制学报,2002,6(1)：10-13.
[39]王英,辜承林.ALA转子电机振荡特性的实验研究[J].华中理工大学学报,1998,26(11)：35-37.
[40]辜承林,易明军.轴向迭片各向异性转子电机振荡及异步运行分析[J].中国电机工程学报,2000,20(12)：7-10.
[41]王英,辜承林,田一.ALA转子磁阻同步电动机的开环运行特性[J].大连铁道学院学报,2000,21(2)：50-53.
[42]王英,王宗培,辜承林.ALA转子磁阻同步电动机的动态不稳定性[J].电工技术学报,2000,15(5)：30-33.
[43]朱建华,辜承林.变频器驱动下ALA转子电机运行性能的实验研究[J].微特电机,2007,35(7)：1-3,7.
[44]朱建华.ALA转子电机的动稳定性研究[D].武汉：华中科技大学硕士毕业论文,2005.
[45]易明军.ALA转子电机启动特性的实验研究[J].电工电能新技术,2000(2)：22-25.
[46]易明军.ALA转子电机及其控制系统的研究[D].武汉：华中科技大学硕士毕业论文,1999.
[47]周立求,辜承林.直接转矩控制用于同步机的特点综述和仿真分析[J].电机与控制学报,2005,9(1)：59-63.
[48]Zhou L.Q., Zhu J.H., Gu C.L. A Direct Torque Control Scheme of ALA Synchronous Reluctance Machine and Its DSP-based Implementation[C].Industrial Electronics Society,31th Annual Conference of the IEEE,North Carolina,USA,Nov.6-10,2005: 1689-1964.
[49]Zhou L.Q., Zhu J.H., Gu C.L. The Study of Direct Torque Control Used in the Startup Process of ALA Rotor Motor[C].The Eighth International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems,Nanjing,P.R.China,Sept.27-29,2005:730-733.
[50]周立求,朱建华,辜承林.轴向叠片各向异性转子同步磁阻电机直接转矩控制的研 究[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(4)：154-158.
[51]秦岭,郭可忠.同步磁阻电动机滑模变结构控制器的设计与仿真[J].上海交通大学学报,2001(8)：1246-1249.
[52]Zhang Fengge, Wang Zheng and Wang Fengxiang.Open-loop dynamic characteristic comparison of doubly-fed brushless machine with ALA and cage rotor[C].IEEE Electrical Machines and Systems Conf,2001:1053-1056.
[53]Wang Fengxiang, Zhang Fengge and Xu Longya. Parameter and performance comparison of doubly fed brushless machine with cage and reluctance rotors[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2002,38(5):1237-1243.
[54]Rauch S.E., Johnson L. J. Design principle of flux-switching alternator[J]. ALEE Trans.,1955,74111:1261-1268.
[55]胡勤丰.永磁式双凸极电机稳态特性研究[D].南京：南京航空航天大学博士学位论文,2005.
[56]Chalmers B J, Akmese R, Musaba L, Design and field-weakening performance of permanent-magnet/reluctance motor with two-part rotor[C]. Proceeding Institution Electrical Engineering,1998,145(2):133-139.
[57]Chalmers B J, Musaba L.Design and field-weakening performance of a synchronous reluctance motor with axially-laminated rotor[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,1998,34(5):1035-1041.
[58]Shigeo Morimoto, Masayuki Sanada and Yoji Takeda. Performance of PM-assisted synchronous reluctance motor for high-efficiency and wide constant-power operation [J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2001,37(5):1234-1240.
[59]Boldea I, Tutelea L, Pitic C I. PM-assisted reluctance synchronous motor/generator (PM-RSM) for mild hybrid vehicles:electromagnetic design[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2004,40(2):492-498.
[60]Cheng Ming and Zhou E, Investigation of the composite solid rotor reluctance motor [C]. Proceedings of International Conference on Electrical Machines, Cambridge, USA, August 12-15,1990:824-829.
[61]郭伟,赵争鸣.新型同步磁阻永磁电机的结构与电磁参数关系分析[J].中国电机工 程学报,2005,25(11)：124-128.
[62]Richard G.Hoft. Liyapunov stability analysis of reluctance motors[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Appartus and Systems,1968, Vol.PAS-87(6):1485-1491.
[63]MAHARAJ K.Khanijo, AJOY K.Mohanty.Stability of reluctance synchronous motor [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Appartus and Systems,1968, Vol. PAS-87(12):2009-2015.
[64]Honsinger V B. Steady state performance of reluctance machine[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Syatems,1971, PAS-90:305-311.
[65]Chandana Perera P D, Frede Blaabjerg, et al.Pedersen John k.A sensorless, stable V/f control method for permanent-magnet synchronous motor drives[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2003,39(3):783-791.
[66]Chandana Perera P.D., Blaabjerg F., Pedersen J.K., et al. Open loop stability and stabilization of permanent magnet synchronous motor drives using DC-link current [C]. Proceding IEEE Nordic Workshop on Power and Industrial Electronics,2000: 47-53.
[67]Jee-Hoon Jung, Gang-Youl Jeong, and Bong-Hwan Kwon. Stability improvement of V/f-controlled induction motor drive systems by a dynamic current compensator[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electonics,2004,51(4):930-933.
[68]谷爱昱,陆永平.脉振磁场永磁低速同步电动机的稳定性分析[J].中小型电机,2003,30(1)：21-23.
[69]Lawrenson P J, Kingham I E. Viscously coupled inertial damping of stepping motor[J]. Proceedings IEE,1975,122(10):1137-1140.
[70]朱建华,辜承林.新型组合式轴向叠片转子电机结构及参数计算[J].微电机,2002(4)：14-17.
[71]辜承林.电机学(第2版)[M].武汉：华中科技大学出版社,2005.
[72]辜承林.机电动力系统分析[M].武汉：华中理工大学出版社,1995.
[73]周雅鹏.基于自适应观测器的可控磁通永磁同步电机控制系统研究[D].天津：天津大学,2009.
[74]金孟加.面贴式永磁同步电机直接转矩控制策略研究[D].杭州：浙江大学,2006.
[75]仲维刚.内置混合式转子可控磁通永磁同步电机有限元分析与控制[D].天津：天津大学,2008
[76]杜成顺.ALA转子电机无传感器变频调速系统实验研究[D].武汉：华中科技大学,2007.
[77]Colby R.S., Novotny D.W. An efficiency-optimizing permanent magnet synchronous motor drive[J], IEEE transactions on Industry Applications,1988,24(5):462-469.
[78]Arkadan A.A. Hanbali A.A. Al-Aawar N. Design optimization of ALA rotor synRM drives using T-AI-EM enviromment[J]. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics,2007,43 (4):1645-1648.
[79]Osheba S.M., Abdel-Kader F.M. Dynamic performance analysis of reluctance motors using damping and synchronising torques[J].IEE Proc-Electr.Power Appl,1990,137 (4):231-238.
[80]Arkadan A.A., Isaac F.N., Russell A.A.,et al.Computer aided models for the characterization of synchronous reluctance motor drive systems[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,1999,14(4):1459-1464.
[81]RICHARD F.Schiferl, THOMAS A.Lipo.Power capability of salient pole permanent magnet synchronous motors in variable speed drive applications[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,1990,26(1):115-123.
[82]Isaac F.N., Arkadan A.A. and El-Antably A.Characterization of axially laminated anisotropic-rotor synchronous reluctance motors[J].IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion,1999,14(3):506-511.
[83]Blaschke F., J.vander Burgt, Vandenput A. Sensorless direct field orientation at zero flux frequency[J]. Industry Applications Conference, Thirty-First IAS Annual Meeting, IEEE Vol.1,1996:189-196.
[84]窦汝振,辛明华,杜智明.基于矢量控制的电动汽车用异步电动机弱磁控制方法论[J].电机与控制应用,2009,36(5)：25-27.
[85]陈阳生,王文中.在恒转矩和弱磁控制状态下的各种永磁同步电机负载铁耗[J].电工技术学报,2007,22(9)：45-50.
[86]Kim Sang-Hoon, Sul Seung-Ki. Voltage control strategy for maximum torque operation of an induction machine in the field-weakening region[J]. IEEE Transtractions on Industrial Electronics,1997,44(4):512-518.
[87]Bachir Abdelhadi, Azeddine Benoudjit, and Nasreddine Nait-Said. Application of genetic algorithm with a novel adaptive scheme for the identification of induction machine parameters[J].IEEE Transtractions on Energy Conversion,2005,20(2): 284-291.
[88]Nicola Bianchi, Silverio Bolognani,Chalmers Brian J.Salient-rotor PM synchronous motors for an extended flux-weakening operation range[J].IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,2000,36(4):1118-1125.
[89]赵宇,宁圃奇,柴建云.新型复合转子永磁磁阻电机设计[J].电机与控制应用,2007,34(1)：7-10.
[90]Laurent Jolly, M. A. Jabbar and Liu Qinghua. Optimization of the constant power speed range of a saturated permanent-magnet synchronous motor[J]. IEEE Transtractions on Industry Applications,2006,42(4):1024-1030.
[91]Rahman M.F., Zhong L.,Khiang Wee Lim.A direct torque-controlled interior permanent magnet synchronous motor drive incorporating field weakening[J].IEEE Transactions on industry applications,1998,34(6):1246-1253.
[92]THOMAS M.Jahns.Flux-weakening regime operation of an interior permanent-magnet synchronous motor drive[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 1987, Vol. IA-23 (4):681-689.
[93]Rahman M.F., Zhong L., Enamul Hque Md.,et al. A direct torque controlled interior permanent-magnet synchronous motor drive without a speed sensor[J]. IEEE, Transactions on energy conversion,2003,18(1):17-22.
[94]THOMAS M.Jahns, GERALD B.Kliman and THOMAS W.Neuman.Interior permanent-Magnet synchronous motors for adjustable-speed drives[J]. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications,1986, Vol.IA-22(4):738-747.
[95]Ayman M.EL-Refaie, Donald W.Novotny and Thomas M.Jahans.Asimple model for flux weakening in surface PM synchronous machines using back-to-back thyristors[J]. IEEE power electronics letters,2004,2(2):54-57.
[96]Rahman M.F., Zhong L. Voltage switching tables for DTC controlled interior permanent magnet motor[C]. Industrial Electronics Society, The 25th Annual Conference of the IEEE, Vol.3,29 Nov.-3 Dec.1999:1445-1451.
[97]Masahide Ooshima,Akira Chiba,Azizur Rahman,et al.An improved control method of buried-type IPM bearingless motors considering magnetic saturation and magnetic pull variation[J].IEEE Transtractions on Energy Conversion,2004,19(3):569-575.
[98]胡奇锋,贺益康,唐益民.基于DSP永磁同步电机直接转矩控制系统研究[J].电力电子技术,2004,38(1)：16-18.
[99]林伟杰.永磁同步电机伺服系统控制策略的研究[D].杭州：浙江大学博士论文,2005.
[100]黄科元,贺益康.矩阵式变换器励磁的双馈电机磁场定向控制研究[J].大电机技术,2003(6)：26-30.
[101]李斌斌,窦满峰,张鑫.稀土永磁同步电动机直、交轴电感简易计算方法[J].微电机,2008,41(11)：19-20,39.
[102]莫会成.永磁交流伺服电动机的参数分析[J].微电机,2005,38(3)：3-6.
[103]陈东锁.变频空调中的永磁电机电感分析[C].泛珠三角制冷空调行业自动化技术(节能)应用论坛,2006：68-72.
[104]朱建华.新型组合式转子电机的分析计算与实验研究[J].微电机,2006,39(3)：15-17,40.
[105]吴志峤,辜承林.ALA转子电机稳定性研究[J].电机与控制学报,2003,7(3)：182-186.
[106]李伟.电压型逆变器供电的异步牵引电动机电磁设计和稳态特性研究[D].重庆：重庆大学硕士学位论文,2004.
[107]李伟,韩力.逆变器供电的感应电动机谐波转矩分析与计算[J].微特电机,2005,33(4)：7-9.
[108]李辉.双馈水轮发电机系统建模与仿真及其智能控制策略的研究[D].重庆：重庆大学博士论文,2004.
[109]杨顺昌,廖勇,余渝.考虑谐波影响后交流励磁电动机电磁转矩的分析与计算[J].电工技术学报,2003,18(1)：5-9.
[110]刘润爱,张根保,黄强,巩丽.提高零传动滚齿轮系统刚度的研究[J].系统仿真学报, 2006,18(3)：710-712.
[111]陈学珍,辜承林.组合转子同步电机稳定性探讨[J].电机与控制学报,2010,14(12)：41-46.