磁场调制式无刷双馈电机研究
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摘要
磁场调制式无刷双馈电机既无刷可靠,又可实现异步、同步和双馈等多种运行方式。当作为变频调速电机应用于电气传动系统时,可以降低变频器容量和调速系统成本。在恒转矩和风机泵类负载的节能调速以及水力、风力发电方面具有很好的发展前景。
国内对磁场调制式无刷双馈电机的研究尚处于起步阶段。围绕磁场调制式无刷双馈电机的基础理论和参数、性能计算,本文主要开展了如下几方面的研究工作。
首先,在总结分析了国内外学者所研究的各种定转子结构无刷双馈电机及其运行方式的基础上,重点对无刷双馈电机的有关基础理论进行了研究。分析了电机转子的磁耦合作用以及磁阻和笼型转子的等效关系;不局限于“无刷双馈电机源于两台感应电机的串级联接”的传统分析方法,将无刷双馈感应电机和无刷双馈磁阻电机原理统一起来,运用磁场调制理论研究了该种电机的机电能量转换机理;分析了不同转子结构无刷双馈电机的气隙磁场;首次推导建立了不同转子结构无刷双馈电机的统一等效电路和电磁转矩表达式;针对无刷双馈电机中的功率、损耗和能量流通关系进行了探讨;此外,还对无刷双馈调速系统与常规变频调速系统进行了对比分析。
其次,对各种转子结构无刷双馈电机的多种运行方式进行了仿真研究。分别推导了ABC坐标下磁阻转子和笼型转子无刷双馈电机的通用数学模型,给出了各种运行方式下的端电压约束,编制完成了相应的仿真软件;对各种转子结构无刷双馈电机的稳态运行(异步、同步和双馈运行)特性、起动特性、牵入特性和各种运行方式下的动态运行特性进行了仿真研究。
本文的第三部分重点研究了各种转子结构无刷双馈电机的电感参数。以绕组函数为基础,推导了普通凸极磁阻转子、ALA磁阻转子和笼型转子无刷双馈电机的参数计算模型,编制了相应的参数计算软件;对比研究了不同转子结构对主副绕组电感参数的影响,分析了影响电感参数的一些因素。
最后,对无刷双馈电机的设计与实验方法进行了研究。在理论与仿真研究的基础上,提出了无刷双馈电机的设计原则;设计并研制了具有同一定子和相同尺寸、不同结构(ALA和笼型结构)转子的两台实验样机;对两台样机的各种运行方式进行了详细的性能测试;研究和探讨了无刷双馈电机电感参数的测试方法,并对样机进行了测试。
The magnetic field modulation type of Doubly-Fed Brushless Machine (DFBM) not only features simplicity, robustness and reliability, but also can realize easily soft starting, asynchronous or synchronous operation, cascade or doubly-fed adjustable speed. Compared to an adjustable speed system using conventional AC machine, the DFBM system controls only the slip power of DFBM, a small fraction of the overall system power, through the stator auxiliary winding.The research on DFBM in our country just starts. The work of this thesis focuses mainly the theory analysis, parameter calculation and performance simulation of the DFBM. Four parts are included.First of all, based on analyzing the various structure types and operation modes of the DFBM, the basic theory about DFBM is studied. The magnetic coupling function and equivalent relationship between reluctance rotor and cage rotor have been analyzed. Without limiting to conventional analysis method that the DFBM came from two cascade induction motors, this thesis studies the principle of electromagnetic energy conversion of the DFBM using magnetic field modulation theory, which gather the principles of doubly-fed brushless machine with cage rotor and reluctance rotor into one. The air gap magnetic field of the DFBM with different structure rotors is analyzed. The unique equivalent circuit and torque formula of the DFBM with different rotor structure are also derived. The power, loss and energy flowchart in the DFBM are discussed. The comparison between the DFBM adjustable speed system and the traditional AC adjustable speed system is given in the thesis.Secondly, the performances of different operation modes for the DFBM with different structure rotor have been simulated. An universal mathematic model in ABC reference frame of the DFBM with reluctance rotor and cage rotor is put forward, and the voltage restriction is described. Based on above work, the simulation programs have been developed.Thirdly, the inductance parameters of the DFBM with different structure rotors, the salient pole reluctance rotor, ALA reluctance rotor and cage rotor, are studied in details. The models of calculating inductance parameter of the DFBM with different structure rotor are respectively derived, and the corresponding calculation softwares are carried out. The effects of rotor structure and other factors on stator winding inductance parameter have been studied by means of the parameter calculation program.Finally, the design principle and experiment method of the DFBM are studied. According to theoretical analysis and simulation study, the design principle of stator winding and rotor structure has been put forward. In order to study comparatively effects of different rotor structure on the operation behaviors of DFBM, a prototype machine has been designed and built The prototype machine has a common stator and two different structure rotors, the ALA reluctance rotor and the short-circuited cage rotor. The two rotors have the same size. The inductance parameter and operation performance in various operation modes of the prototype machine are also presented.
国内对磁场调制式无刷双馈电机的研究尚处于起步阶段。围绕磁场调制式无刷双馈电机的基础理论和参数、性能计算,本文主要开展了如下几方面的研究工作。
首先,在总结分析了国内外学者所研究的各种定转子结构无刷双馈电机及其运行方式的基础上,重点对无刷双馈电机的有关基础理论进行了研究。分析了电机转子的磁耦合作用以及磁阻和笼型转子的等效关系;不局限于“无刷双馈电机源于两台感应电机的串级联接”的传统分析方法,将无刷双馈感应电机和无刷双馈磁阻电机原理统一起来,运用磁场调制理论研究了该种电机的机电能量转换机理;分析了不同转子结构无刷双馈电机的气隙磁场;首次推导建立了不同转子结构无刷双馈电机的统一等效电路和电磁转矩表达式;针对无刷双馈电机中的功率、损耗和能量流通关系进行了探讨;此外,还对无刷双馈调速系统与常规变频调速系统进行了对比分析。
其次,对各种转子结构无刷双馈电机的多种运行方式进行了仿真研究。分别推导了ABC坐标下磁阻转子和笼型转子无刷双馈电机的通用数学模型,给出了各种运行方式下的端电压约束,编制完成了相应的仿真软件;对各种转子结构无刷双馈电机的稳态运行(异步、同步和双馈运行)特性、起动特性、牵入特性和各种运行方式下的动态运行特性进行了仿真研究。
本文的第三部分重点研究了各种转子结构无刷双馈电机的电感参数。以绕组函数为基础,推导了普通凸极磁阻转子、ALA磁阻转子和笼型转子无刷双馈电机的参数计算模型,编制了相应的参数计算软件;对比研究了不同转子结构对主副绕组电感参数的影响,分析了影响电感参数的一些因素。
最后,对无刷双馈电机的设计与实验方法进行了研究。在理论与仿真研究的基础上,提出了无刷双馈电机的设计原则;设计并研制了具有同一定子和相同尺寸、不同结构(ALA和笼型结构)转子的两台实验样机;对两台样机的各种运行方式进行了详细的性能测试;研究和探讨了无刷双馈电机电感参数的测试方法,并对样机进行了测试。
The magnetic field modulation type of Doubly-Fed Brushless Machine (DFBM) not only features simplicity, robustness and reliability, but also can realize easily soft starting, asynchronous or synchronous operation, cascade or doubly-fed adjustable speed. Compared to an adjustable speed system using conventional AC machine, the DFBM system controls only the slip power of DFBM, a small fraction of the overall system power, through the stator auxiliary winding.The research on DFBM in our country just starts. The work of this thesis focuses mainly the theory analysis, parameter calculation and performance simulation of the DFBM. Four parts are included.First of all, based on analyzing the various structure types and operation modes of the DFBM, the basic theory about DFBM is studied. The magnetic coupling function and equivalent relationship between reluctance rotor and cage rotor have been analyzed. Without limiting to conventional analysis method that the DFBM came from two cascade induction motors, this thesis studies the principle of electromagnetic energy conversion of the DFBM using magnetic field modulation theory, which gather the principles of doubly-fed brushless machine with cage rotor and reluctance rotor into one. The air gap magnetic field of the DFBM with different structure rotors is analyzed. The unique equivalent circuit and torque formula of the DFBM with different rotor structure are also derived. The power, loss and energy flowchart in the DFBM are discussed. The comparison between the DFBM adjustable speed system and the traditional AC adjustable speed system is given in the thesis.Secondly, the performances of different operation modes for the DFBM with different structure rotor have been simulated. An universal mathematic model in ABC reference frame of the DFBM with reluctance rotor and cage rotor is put forward, and the voltage restriction is described. Based on above work, the simulation programs have been developed.Thirdly, the inductance parameters of the DFBM with different structure rotors, the salient pole reluctance rotor, ALA reluctance rotor and cage rotor, are studied in details. The models of calculating inductance parameter of the DFBM with different structure rotor are respectively derived, and the corresponding calculation softwares are carried out. The effects of rotor structure and other factors on stator winding inductance parameter have been studied by means of the parameter calculation program.Finally, the design principle and experiment method of the DFBM are studied. According to theoretical analysis and simulation study, the design principle of stator winding and rotor structure has been put forward. In order to study comparatively effects of different rotor structure on the operation behaviors of DFBM, a prototype machine has been designed and built The prototype machine has a common stator and two different structure rotors, the ALA reluctance rotor and the short-circuited cage rotor. The two rotors have the same size. The inductance parameter and operation performance in various operation modes of the prototype machine are also presented.
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