高压断路器圆筒型直线感应电机操动机构研究
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摘要
高压断路器操动机构是决定断路器操控性能的重要部件之一。结合圆筒型直线感应电机(C-LIM)的性能优点,本文提出了应用于高压断路器的新型C-LIM操动机构。电机机构驱动具有无需传统操动机构依靠机械传动的连杆和锁扣等复杂零部件、操作噪声低、响应快速、能优化预定行程曲线、可控性高、易于与综合自动化监视系统的连接和提高状态监测范围等优点,适用于中高压断路器的操动机构,电机驱动为高压断路器操动机构的发展提供了一个新的发展方向。
本文主要做了如下几个方面的工作:
从40.5kV真空断路器操动机构运动特性入手讨论了C-LIM结构和参数的选择对性能的影响,对C-LIM进行了电磁设计。根据C-LIM机构动作形式及C-LIM机构设计要求,提出把兼有进化计算和群智能的全局优化算法—邻域拓扑粒子群优化算法引入到电机优化设计中,实现了C-LIM的优化设计。
对优化后的C-LIM进行瞬态特性仿真分析,针对电机的结构变化涉及到的初级每极每相槽数、气隙长度和次级材料属性等参数影响进行了深入研究。分析计算了不同材料次级下C-LIM起动过程中单一时刻的磁感应强度分布、磁力线、电流密度及气隙磁密曲线;研究了C-LIM不同气隙长度和不同次级材料属性对C-LIM推力和速度的影响。
根据C-LIM特有的边缘效应,建立了按转子磁链定向dq同步旋转等效电路的C-LIM矢量控制数学模型和针对断路器动触头理想分合闸速度曲线的C-LIM运动曲线数学模型,对C-LIM机构系统进行仿真。仿真结果表明,对动态纵向边缘效应进行补偿后,系统的动态特性得到提高;电机电磁推力满足断路器整个行程阶段系统运动的需要,速度的跟随性能较好,系统稳定。
提出将直线伺服电机应用到高压断路器操动机构中,采用矢量控制策略、DSP技术实现了C-LIM机构的伺服控制。该系统采用电流环为内环速度环为外环的双闭环控制,具有控制精度高,起动推力大,动态响应快等特点,保证了输出力特性与断路器负载特性的配合。
完成了满足40.5kV真空断路器工作要求的国内首台C-LIM样机制作,并在40.5kV真空断路器上进行了安装调试。实验表明该系统能够使触头运动行程特性控制在最佳状态,提高断路器开断性能、机械性能的可靠性。机构的伺服控制系统易于扩展,能提高更先进的断路器操动机构技术水平。
High-voltage circuit breaker operating mechanism is one of the most important components of circuit breaker. Cylinder linear induction motor (C-LIM) operating mechanism, a new type of Motor Drive operating mechanism, is introduced in this thesis. The Motor Drive has the following advantages: one moving part, simple and reliable. no mechanical auxiliary contacts needed; low mechanical noise level; response quickly; optimal, pre-programmed travel curve; condition monitoring. Motor Drive offers a completely new and versatile operate way to high voltage circuit breakers.
The main content of this thesis is as follows:
The electromagnetic design of C-LIM, in view of the rated 40.5kV of vacuum circuit breaker, is discussed which under different construction and parameters influence. The Neighbourhood Topology Particle Swarm Optimization with evolutionary calculation and swarm intelligence is proposed used in the C-LIM optimal design by mechanism movement form and design demand.
Magnetic transient behaviour of optimized C-LIM is simulated. C-LIM with dissimilar slot number per pole, gap length and secondary material is studied. Magnetic induction intensity and magnetic lines of flux are discussed using different secondary material when C-LIM starting at a given time, meanwhile the ampere densily and air-gap induction are analysed still. In addition the influence of gap length and secondary material attribute on the thrust and velocity of C-LIM is studied.
An equivalent circuit model in the rotor flux oriented frame is developed for the vector control of C-LIM by adding the dynamic vertical ending effect function, and mathematical model of C-LIM is established according to ideal velocity curve of circuit breaker moving contact. The simulation results show the improvements achieved by the proposed scheme, the thrust being satisfied for system needs and stabilization.
The application of the linear servo motor to high-voltage circuit breaker operating mechanism, using DSP control system and vector control strategy, is proposed. The new technology, based on servo control system of C-LIM mechanism adopting closed loop of current inner loop and velocity outer loop design, exceeds the benefits offered with conventional operating mechanisms while at controlling high precision, large start thrust and good matching thrust of C-LIM mechanism and load of circuit breaker.
C-LIM model, which is the first one in domestic, is successful in putting it through a test on circuit breaker rated 40.5kV and satisfy requirements. The test result is shown to optimize circuit breaker contact travel, improve reliability. The servo control system of C-LIM mechanism can expand easily and enhance technical level of mechanism.
本文主要做了如下几个方面的工作:
从40.5kV真空断路器操动机构运动特性入手讨论了C-LIM结构和参数的选择对性能的影响,对C-LIM进行了电磁设计。根据C-LIM机构动作形式及C-LIM机构设计要求,提出把兼有进化计算和群智能的全局优化算法—邻域拓扑粒子群优化算法引入到电机优化设计中,实现了C-LIM的优化设计。
对优化后的C-LIM进行瞬态特性仿真分析,针对电机的结构变化涉及到的初级每极每相槽数、气隙长度和次级材料属性等参数影响进行了深入研究。分析计算了不同材料次级下C-LIM起动过程中单一时刻的磁感应强度分布、磁力线、电流密度及气隙磁密曲线;研究了C-LIM不同气隙长度和不同次级材料属性对C-LIM推力和速度的影响。
根据C-LIM特有的边缘效应,建立了按转子磁链定向dq同步旋转等效电路的C-LIM矢量控制数学模型和针对断路器动触头理想分合闸速度曲线的C-LIM运动曲线数学模型,对C-LIM机构系统进行仿真。仿真结果表明,对动态纵向边缘效应进行补偿后,系统的动态特性得到提高;电机电磁推力满足断路器整个行程阶段系统运动的需要,速度的跟随性能较好,系统稳定。
提出将直线伺服电机应用到高压断路器操动机构中,采用矢量控制策略、DSP技术实现了C-LIM机构的伺服控制。该系统采用电流环为内环速度环为外环的双闭环控制,具有控制精度高,起动推力大,动态响应快等特点,保证了输出力特性与断路器负载特性的配合。
完成了满足40.5kV真空断路器工作要求的国内首台C-LIM样机制作,并在40.5kV真空断路器上进行了安装调试。实验表明该系统能够使触头运动行程特性控制在最佳状态,提高断路器开断性能、机械性能的可靠性。机构的伺服控制系统易于扩展,能提高更先进的断路器操动机构技术水平。
High-voltage circuit breaker operating mechanism is one of the most important components of circuit breaker. Cylinder linear induction motor (C-LIM) operating mechanism, a new type of Motor Drive operating mechanism, is introduced in this thesis. The Motor Drive has the following advantages: one moving part, simple and reliable. no mechanical auxiliary contacts needed; low mechanical noise level; response quickly; optimal, pre-programmed travel curve; condition monitoring. Motor Drive offers a completely new and versatile operate way to high voltage circuit breakers.
The main content of this thesis is as follows:
The electromagnetic design of C-LIM, in view of the rated 40.5kV of vacuum circuit breaker, is discussed which under different construction and parameters influence. The Neighbourhood Topology Particle Swarm Optimization with evolutionary calculation and swarm intelligence is proposed used in the C-LIM optimal design by mechanism movement form and design demand.
Magnetic transient behaviour of optimized C-LIM is simulated. C-LIM with dissimilar slot number per pole, gap length and secondary material is studied. Magnetic induction intensity and magnetic lines of flux are discussed using different secondary material when C-LIM starting at a given time, meanwhile the ampere densily and air-gap induction are analysed still. In addition the influence of gap length and secondary material attribute on the thrust and velocity of C-LIM is studied.
An equivalent circuit model in the rotor flux oriented frame is developed for the vector control of C-LIM by adding the dynamic vertical ending effect function, and mathematical model of C-LIM is established according to ideal velocity curve of circuit breaker moving contact. The simulation results show the improvements achieved by the proposed scheme, the thrust being satisfied for system needs and stabilization.
The application of the linear servo motor to high-voltage circuit breaker operating mechanism, using DSP control system and vector control strategy, is proposed. The new technology, based on servo control system of C-LIM mechanism adopting closed loop of current inner loop and velocity outer loop design, exceeds the benefits offered with conventional operating mechanisms while at controlling high precision, large start thrust and good matching thrust of C-LIM mechanism and load of circuit breaker.
C-LIM model, which is the first one in domestic, is successful in putting it through a test on circuit breaker rated 40.5kV and satisfy requirements. The test result is shown to optimize circuit breaker contact travel, improve reliability. The servo control system of C-LIM mechanism can expand easily and enhance technical level of mechanism.
引文
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