基于ARM的电力负荷管理终端设计与实现
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摘要
电力负荷管理终端是电力负荷管理系统的智能采集执行终端设备,对实现需求侧管理、缓解电力供需矛盾具有重要的意义。
本文在电力负荷管理的需求分析基础之上,提出并论证了基于ARM处理器和嵌入式实时操作系统相结合的电力负荷管理终端设计方案,并进行了硬件和软件总体设计。
对电力负荷管理终端硬件电路进行了设计与实现,主要包括:ARM核心模块、电量采集模块、状态量采集模块、控制输出模块、通讯接口模块、电源模块、复位与系统时钟、JTAG接口、外部存储器扩展和LCD显示以及键盘模块等,并研制成功原理样机。
研制开发了电力负荷管理终端软件,主要包括:嵌入式实时操作系统(μC/OS-II)、文件系统和图形用户界面GUI移植,系统监视任务、文件服务任务、负荷管理任务、定时采集任务、数据处理任务、抄电表任务、基于GPRS/CDMA的通讯任务、键盘扫描和液晶显示任务等软件模块开发,并设计了实时多任务的软件看门狗技术,提高了系统的可靠性。
为了确保通讯安全性,通过对比各种加密算法,并考虑处理器的性能,采用了高安全性、高速度性和便于ARM实现的加密算法BTEA,使得在电力负荷管理终端上能可靠、实时的运行,并且保证了电力负荷管理系统的数据传输的可靠性、实时性。
对系统终端进行了测试,结果表明其功能和性能指标都达到电力负荷管理系统通用技术条件的要求。
Power Load Management Terminal (PLMT), which plays an important role in realizing the Demand Side Management (DSM) and relieving the conflict of supplying and demand, is the Intelligent Acquisition & Executive Terminal device of the Power Load Management System.
Based on the demands analysis of Power Load Management, the design of Power Load Management Terminal, which is based on the ARM processor and Embedded Real-Time Operating System (RTOS), is presented and demonstrated. The overall design of the hardware and software is carried out.
The hardware circuits of PLMT, which include electronic core module of ARM, electric measure module, states measure module, control output module, communications interface module, power supply module, reset and system clock circuit, JTAG interface, external memory expansion, LCD display and keyboard module, etc. are designed and realized .The prototype is developed successfully.
The software of PLMT, which consists of the transplantation of embedded real-time operating systemμC/OS-II, file system and graphical user interface (GUI), system monitoring task, documentation services task, load management task, timing dara acquisition task, data processing task, watt-hour meter reading task, communications based on GPRS/CDMA task, keyboard scan and liquid crystal display task, etc. is developed. The system reliability is improved by the technique of software watchdog of the real-time multitask.
To gurantee the communications security, an encryption approach is used. Considering the feature of ARM, BTEA is selected through comparison of various encryption algorithms, which has the advantages such as high security, high speed and easily implemented on ARM. Consequently, both reliability and efficiency of data communication can be achieved.
Testing results of the system of PLMT show that its functions and performances meet the requirements of General Specification of Power Load Management System.
本文在电力负荷管理的需求分析基础之上,提出并论证了基于ARM处理器和嵌入式实时操作系统相结合的电力负荷管理终端设计方案,并进行了硬件和软件总体设计。
对电力负荷管理终端硬件电路进行了设计与实现,主要包括:ARM核心模块、电量采集模块、状态量采集模块、控制输出模块、通讯接口模块、电源模块、复位与系统时钟、JTAG接口、外部存储器扩展和LCD显示以及键盘模块等,并研制成功原理样机。
研制开发了电力负荷管理终端软件,主要包括:嵌入式实时操作系统(μC/OS-II)、文件系统和图形用户界面GUI移植,系统监视任务、文件服务任务、负荷管理任务、定时采集任务、数据处理任务、抄电表任务、基于GPRS/CDMA的通讯任务、键盘扫描和液晶显示任务等软件模块开发,并设计了实时多任务的软件看门狗技术,提高了系统的可靠性。
为了确保通讯安全性,通过对比各种加密算法,并考虑处理器的性能,采用了高安全性、高速度性和便于ARM实现的加密算法BTEA,使得在电力负荷管理终端上能可靠、实时的运行,并且保证了电力负荷管理系统的数据传输的可靠性、实时性。
对系统终端进行了测试,结果表明其功能和性能指标都达到电力负荷管理系统通用技术条件的要求。
Power Load Management Terminal (PLMT), which plays an important role in realizing the Demand Side Management (DSM) and relieving the conflict of supplying and demand, is the Intelligent Acquisition & Executive Terminal device of the Power Load Management System.
Based on the demands analysis of Power Load Management, the design of Power Load Management Terminal, which is based on the ARM processor and Embedded Real-Time Operating System (RTOS), is presented and demonstrated. The overall design of the hardware and software is carried out.
The hardware circuits of PLMT, which include electronic core module of ARM, electric measure module, states measure module, control output module, communications interface module, power supply module, reset and system clock circuit, JTAG interface, external memory expansion, LCD display and keyboard module, etc. are designed and realized .The prototype is developed successfully.
The software of PLMT, which consists of the transplantation of embedded real-time operating systemμC/OS-II, file system and graphical user interface (GUI), system monitoring task, documentation services task, load management task, timing dara acquisition task, data processing task, watt-hour meter reading task, communications based on GPRS/CDMA task, keyboard scan and liquid crystal display task, etc. is developed. The system reliability is improved by the technique of software watchdog of the real-time multitask.
To gurantee the communications security, an encryption approach is used. Considering the feature of ARM, BTEA is selected through comparison of various encryption algorithms, which has the advantages such as high security, high speed and easily implemented on ARM. Consequently, both reliability and efficiency of data communication can be achieved.
Testing results of the system of PLMT show that its functions and performances meet the requirements of General Specification of Power Load Management System.
引文
[1] 刘健,倪建立等.配电自动化系统[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1999
[2] 方富淇.配电网自动化[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2000
[3] 吴国良,张宪法.配电网自动化系统应用技术问答[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2005
[4] 张峰.电力负荷管理技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2005
[5] 张进士.需求侧管理的发展及应用分析[J].中国科技信息.2005,20:125
[6] 汪锡成.新的负荷控制管理系统的应用[J].东北电力技术.2005,9:39~41
[7] 王月志,赵跃,潘娟.电力负荷控制技术[J].东北电力技术.2003,(3):49~52
[8] 李剑辉,吴烈鑫.合理调整负荷实现限电不拉闸[J].电力营销与服务,2005,60:47~48
[9] 王相勤.电力营销管理手册[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2001
[10] H.L.Smith,DA/DSM Directions-An Overview of distribution automation and demand side management with implications of future trends, IEEE Computer Application in Power,Oct.1994:122~128
[11] 邱佑存,李尧,屠礼三.电力负荷监控系统的发展趋势及前景[J].湖北电力, 2001,25(3):4~6
[12] 赵德宁,冯喜军.新一代大用户负荷管理终端的开发与应用[J].电力需求侧管,2005,7(6):53~54
[13] 周靖,李扬,金伟.新型电力负荷管理终端的设计与实[J].电力需求侧管理,2005,7(4):37~39
[14] 电力负荷管理系统通用技术条件(试行).国家电网公司生产运营部,2004
[15] ARM Software Development Toolkit User’s Guide. ARM Limited,1998: 2-17
[16] www.arm.com
[17] 许海燕,付 炎.嵌入式系统技术与应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002
[18] 桑 楠.嵌入式系统原理与应用开发技术[M].北京:北京航空航大大学出版社,2002
[19] 何立民.嵌入式系统的定义与发展历史[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2004,1:6~8
[20] 魏忠,蔡勇,雷红卫.嵌入式开发详解[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003
[21] Jean J.Labrosse 著;邹贝贝译. μC/OS-II 源码公开的嵌入式操作系统(第 2 版)[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003
[22] ARM7TDMI-S(Rev4) Technical Reference Manual. www.arm.com
[23] ARM7TDMI-S(Rev 4)技术参考手册.广州周立功单片机发展有限公司
[24] LPC2292/2294 USER MANUAL. Philips Semiconductors,03 May 2004
[25] LPC2292/2294 Preliminary data sheet.Philips Semiconductors Rev.02, 23 Dec 2004
[26] 周立功等.ARM 嵌入式系统基础教程[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005
[27] 周立功等.ARM 嵌入式系统实验教程(二)[M].广州:广州周立功单片机发展有限公司,2005
[28] SPX1117 800mA Low Dropout Voltage Regulator. Sipex Corporation, 25 May 2004
[29] CAT1024, CAT1025 Supervisory Circuits with I2C Serial 2k-bit CMOS EEPROM and Manual Reset. Catalyst Semiconductor, Inc, 11 November 2004
[30] PCF8563 Real-time clock/calendar. Philips Semiconductors, 16 April 1999
[31] Multi-ICE System Design Considerations Application Note 72. ARM Limited, 1998
[32] SP3222E/3232E True +3.0V to +5.5V RS-232 Transceivers. Sipex Corporation, 11 July 2002
[33] RTL8019AS Realtek Full-Duplex Ethernet Controller with Plug and Play Function (RealPNP). REALTEK SEMI-CONDUCTOR CO.LTD, 20 August 2000
[34] SP3481/SP3485 +3.3V Low Power Half-Duplex RS-485 Transceivers with 10Mbps Data Rate. Sipex Corporation, 2000
[35] High-performance EEPLD ATF16LV8C. Ateml Coporation, August 1999
[36] 16M×8Bit,8M×16Bit NAND Flash Memory K9F28XXQ0C. SAMSUNG Electronics 6 March 2003
[37] 16Mbit(×16)Multi-Purpose Flash SST39LF160/SST39VF160 Data Sheet. Silicon Storage Technology, Inc. March 2003
[38] ATT7022 manual.珠海炬力集成电路设计有限公司,2003
[39] www.21ic.com
[40] www.ucos-ii.com
[41] www.zlgmcu.com
[42] 王田苗.嵌入式系统设计与实例开发[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003
[43] 周立功等.ARM 嵌入式系统软件开发实例(一)[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005
[44] DL/T645-1997 多功能电能表通讯规约.中华人民共和国电力工业部,1998
[45] 于连庆.多任务环境下的看门狗问题[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2003,10:76
[46] 林文贤.多任务系统看门狗实现.电子工程专辑.www.eetchina.com
[47] 卢开澄.计算机密码学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1998
[48] Roger M.Needham and David J.Wheeler Tea extensions.[R]England: Computer Laboratory. Cambridge University, October 1997.
[49] Matthew D. Russell. Tinyness: An Overview of TEA and Related Ciphers. http://www-users.cs.york.ac.uk/~matthew/TEA/TEA.html
[50] 程峰,刘昊钰,欧阳名三,史斌宁.加密算法在智能抄表系统中的应用.计算机时代,2004,(4):14~15
[51] David WhccIcr, Rogcr Nccdham.,TEA, a Tiny Encryption Algorithm. [R]England: Computer Laboratory. Cambridgc University, November 1994.
[52] 李建明,谈顺涛,张颖,梁运华.提高远程抄表系统数据安全行研究.长沙电力学院学报(自然科学版),2004,19(1):26~28
[53] 电力负荷管理系统数据传输规约-2004.国家电网公司生产运营部,2004
[54] 谢拴勤,刘科满.嵌入式操作系统μC/OS-II 在飞机汇流条控制器中的应用研究[J].计算机测量与控制,2005,13(6):535~537
[2] 方富淇.配电网自动化[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2000
[3] 吴国良,张宪法.配电网自动化系统应用技术问答[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2005
[4] 张峰.电力负荷管理技术[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2005
[5] 张进士.需求侧管理的发展及应用分析[J].中国科技信息.2005,20:125
[6] 汪锡成.新的负荷控制管理系统的应用[J].东北电力技术.2005,9:39~41
[7] 王月志,赵跃,潘娟.电力负荷控制技术[J].东北电力技术.2003,(3):49~52
[8] 李剑辉,吴烈鑫.合理调整负荷实现限电不拉闸[J].电力营销与服务,2005,60:47~48
[9] 王相勤.电力营销管理手册[M].北京:中国电力出版社,2001
[10] H.L.Smith,DA/DSM Directions-An Overview of distribution automation and demand side management with implications of future trends, IEEE Computer Application in Power,Oct.1994:122~128
[11] 邱佑存,李尧,屠礼三.电力负荷监控系统的发展趋势及前景[J].湖北电力, 2001,25(3):4~6
[12] 赵德宁,冯喜军.新一代大用户负荷管理终端的开发与应用[J].电力需求侧管,2005,7(6):53~54
[13] 周靖,李扬,金伟.新型电力负荷管理终端的设计与实[J].电力需求侧管理,2005,7(4):37~39
[14] 电力负荷管理系统通用技术条件(试行).国家电网公司生产运营部,2004
[15] ARM Software Development Toolkit User’s Guide. ARM Limited,1998: 2-17
[16] www.arm.com
[17] 许海燕,付 炎.嵌入式系统技术与应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2002
[18] 桑 楠.嵌入式系统原理与应用开发技术[M].北京:北京航空航大大学出版社,2002
[19] 何立民.嵌入式系统的定义与发展历史[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2004,1:6~8
[20] 魏忠,蔡勇,雷红卫.嵌入式开发详解[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2003
[21] Jean J.Labrosse 著;邹贝贝译. μC/OS-II 源码公开的嵌入式操作系统(第 2 版)[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003
[22] ARM7TDMI-S(Rev4) Technical Reference Manual. www.arm.com
[23] ARM7TDMI-S(Rev 4)技术参考手册.广州周立功单片机发展有限公司
[24] LPC2292/2294 USER MANUAL. Philips Semiconductors,03 May 2004
[25] LPC2292/2294 Preliminary data sheet.Philips Semiconductors Rev.02, 23 Dec 2004
[26] 周立功等.ARM 嵌入式系统基础教程[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005
[27] 周立功等.ARM 嵌入式系统实验教程(二)[M].广州:广州周立功单片机发展有限公司,2005
[28] SPX1117 800mA Low Dropout Voltage Regulator. Sipex Corporation, 25 May 2004
[29] CAT1024, CAT1025 Supervisory Circuits with I2C Serial 2k-bit CMOS EEPROM and Manual Reset. Catalyst Semiconductor, Inc, 11 November 2004
[30] PCF8563 Real-time clock/calendar. Philips Semiconductors, 16 April 1999
[31] Multi-ICE System Design Considerations Application Note 72. ARM Limited, 1998
[32] SP3222E/3232E True +3.0V to +5.5V RS-232 Transceivers. Sipex Corporation, 11 July 2002
[33] RTL8019AS Realtek Full-Duplex Ethernet Controller with Plug and Play Function (RealPNP). REALTEK SEMI-CONDUCTOR CO.LTD, 20 August 2000
[34] SP3481/SP3485 +3.3V Low Power Half-Duplex RS-485 Transceivers with 10Mbps Data Rate. Sipex Corporation, 2000
[35] High-performance EEPLD ATF16LV8C. Ateml Coporation, August 1999
[36] 16M×8Bit,8M×16Bit NAND Flash Memory K9F28XXQ0C. SAMSUNG Electronics 6 March 2003
[37] 16Mbit(×16)Multi-Purpose Flash SST39LF160/SST39VF160 Data Sheet. Silicon Storage Technology, Inc. March 2003
[38] ATT7022 manual.珠海炬力集成电路设计有限公司,2003
[39] www.21ic.com
[40] www.ucos-ii.com
[41] www.zlgmcu.com
[42] 王田苗.嵌入式系统设计与实例开发[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2003
[43] 周立功等.ARM 嵌入式系统软件开发实例(一)[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2005
[44] DL/T645-1997 多功能电能表通讯规约.中华人民共和国电力工业部,1998
[45] 于连庆.多任务环境下的看门狗问题[J].单片机与嵌入式系统应用,2003,10:76
[46] 林文贤.多任务系统看门狗实现.电子工程专辑.www.eetchina.com
[47] 卢开澄.计算机密码学[M].北京:清华大学出版社,1998
[48] Roger M.Needham and David J.Wheeler Tea extensions.[R]England: Computer Laboratory. Cambridge University, October 1997.
[49] Matthew D. Russell. Tinyness: An Overview of TEA and Related Ciphers. http://www-users.cs.york.ac.uk/~matthew/TEA/TEA.html
[50] 程峰,刘昊钰,欧阳名三,史斌宁.加密算法在智能抄表系统中的应用.计算机时代,2004,(4):14~15
[51] David WhccIcr, Rogcr Nccdham.,TEA, a Tiny Encryption Algorithm. [R]England: Computer Laboratory. Cambridgc University, November 1994.
[52] 李建明,谈顺涛,张颖,梁运华.提高远程抄表系统数据安全行研究.长沙电力学院学报(自然科学版),2004,19(1):26~28
[53] 电力负荷管理系统数据传输规约-2004.国家电网公司生产运营部,2004
[54] 谢拴勤,刘科满.嵌入式操作系统μC/OS-II 在飞机汇流条控制器中的应用研究[J].计算机测量与控制,2005,13(6):535~537