先进飞机汇流条控制器研究
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摘要
本论文在深入研究先进飞机电气系统结构及其功能后，确定采用高可靠性的CAN总线组成分层式总线结构的集散式控制系统。在该系统结构下，对汇流条控制器进行了方案设计，将其划分为六个功能模块：ERT(电气远程终端)模块、模拟量输入模块、数字量输入模块、数字量输出模块、通信模块和电源模块。
论文详细介绍了汇流条控制器各模块的硬件设计与实现。ERT模块选用TI公司的DSP芯片TMS320LF2407作核心处理器，模拟量经过调理电路后由TMS320LF2407自带的模／数转换器进行转换和处理。由于数字量的路数较多，因此采用了FPGA进行扩展和简单处理，数字量输入通过光电隔离后送给FPGA进行软件滤波，其结果由TMS320LF2407定时读取；TMS320LF2407输出的数字量先送给FPGA，再由FPGA经过光电隔离和功率驱动后去控制机电式功率控制器。通信模块利用TMS320LF2407内部自带的CAN控制器，再外接CAN驱动芯片PCA82C250和高速光耦6N137构成。
应用程序开发以嵌入式实时操作系统μC／OS-Ⅱ作平台，采用C语言与汇编语言的混合编程方式进行设计，提高了系统的稳定性、可靠性和实时性。软件设计主要包括以下功能模块：接收总线数据、控制EMPC、监控电力汇流条、传送汇流条控制器状态等。
本文还对汇流条控制器的模拟量输入通道、数字量输入通道、数字量输出通道进行了自检测设计，包括硬件BIT设计和软件实现方法。
所设计的汇流条控制器功能完善、性能稳定，并实现了与电源系统处理机的联调，达到了预期的设计目的。
Based on the research of Advanced Aircraft Electrical System's architecture and function, the electrical system employs Controller Area Network (CAN) bus to construct a Distributed Control System (DCS). Grounded on the system structure, Bus Controller (BC) design includes six modules: Electrical Remote Terminal (ERT), analog input, digital input, digital output, bus communication and power supply module.
The detailed design of each module is discussed in this dissertation. TI's TMS320LF2407 is selected as core processor in ERT, and analog signal is converted by TMS320LF2407's internal ADC. Digital inputs are processed by FPGA after being isolated by photocouplers. The results of digital inputs saved in FPGA are read by TMS320LF2407 periodically. The digital outputs being written to FPGA are used to control EMPCs after being isolated by photocouplers and driven by Darlington transistors. The communication module comprises of CAN driver, photocoupler and TMS320LF2407's internal CAN controller.
The software design is based on uC/OS-II, a robust and reliable embedded Real-Time Operation System. The application software is developed by C and assembly languages. The software includes the following function modules: bus data receive, EMPC control, electrical bus monitor, status data transmission and so on.
The built-in test (BIT) design of hardware and software is also introduced in this dissertation. The BIT design consists of analog inputs, digital inputs and digital outputs.
The designed Bus Controller performs perfectly in the phase of system test. Especailly, the communication between BC and PSP (Power System Processor) is very successful.
论文详细介绍了汇流条控制器各模块的硬件设计与实现。ERT模块选用TI公司的DSP芯片TMS320LF2407作核心处理器，模拟量经过调理电路后由TMS320LF2407自带的模／数转换器进行转换和处理。由于数字量的路数较多，因此采用了FPGA进行扩展和简单处理，数字量输入通过光电隔离后送给FPGA进行软件滤波，其结果由TMS320LF2407定时读取；TMS320LF2407输出的数字量先送给FPGA，再由FPGA经过光电隔离和功率驱动后去控制机电式功率控制器。通信模块利用TMS320LF2407内部自带的CAN控制器，再外接CAN驱动芯片PCA82C250和高速光耦6N137构成。
应用程序开发以嵌入式实时操作系统μC／OS-Ⅱ作平台，采用C语言与汇编语言的混合编程方式进行设计，提高了系统的稳定性、可靠性和实时性。软件设计主要包括以下功能模块：接收总线数据、控制EMPC、监控电力汇流条、传送汇流条控制器状态等。
本文还对汇流条控制器的模拟量输入通道、数字量输入通道、数字量输出通道进行了自检测设计，包括硬件BIT设计和软件实现方法。
所设计的汇流条控制器功能完善、性能稳定，并实现了与电源系统处理机的联调，达到了预期的设计目的。
Based on the research of Advanced Aircraft Electrical System's architecture and function, the electrical system employs Controller Area Network (CAN) bus to construct a Distributed Control System (DCS). Grounded on the system structure, Bus Controller (BC) design includes six modules: Electrical Remote Terminal (ERT), analog input, digital input, digital output, bus communication and power supply module.
The detailed design of each module is discussed in this dissertation. TI's TMS320LF2407 is selected as core processor in ERT, and analog signal is converted by TMS320LF2407's internal ADC. Digital inputs are processed by FPGA after being isolated by photocouplers. The results of digital inputs saved in FPGA are read by TMS320LF2407 periodically. The digital outputs being written to FPGA are used to control EMPCs after being isolated by photocouplers and driven by Darlington transistors. The communication module comprises of CAN driver, photocoupler and TMS320LF2407's internal CAN controller.
The software design is based on uC/OS-II, a robust and reliable embedded Real-Time Operation System. The application software is developed by C and assembly languages. The software includes the following function modules: bus data receive, EMPC control, electrical bus monitor, status data transmission and so on.
The built-in test (BIT) design of hardware and software is also introduced in this dissertation. The BIT design consists of analog inputs, digital inputs and digital outputs.
The designed Bus Controller performs perfectly in the phase of system test. Especailly, the communication between BC and PSP (Power System Processor) is very successful.
引文
1．于敦，王守方等．国外飞机供电系统手册．中国航空信息中心，1997
2．王友仁，严仰光等．飞机电气系统综合控制技术综述(J)．航空电子技术，1998(3)
3. Mike Bailey. Distributed Electrical Power Management Architechture. Colloquium: Electrical Machines and Systems for the More Electric Aircraft, 9 November, 1999
4．姬劳，张晓彬等译．容错供电系统(一)：负载研究．1997，7
5．姬劳，张晓彬等译．容错供电系统(二)：分析与初步设计．1997，7
6. Dr Robert Jones. The More Electric Aircraft : the Past and the Future. Colloquium: Electrical Machines and Systems for the More Electric Aircraft, 9 November, 1999
7. Ian Molt. The More Electric Aircraft-System Considerations. Colloquium: Electrical Machines and Systems for the More Electric Aircraft, 9 November, 1999
8. James S. Cloyd. Status of the United States Air Force's More Electric Aircraft Initiative. IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, April 1998
9. A. Emadi and M. Ehsani. Aircraft Power System: Technology, State of the Art and Future Trends. IEEE AES Systems Magazine, January 2000
10. Mr. Miguel A. Maldonado. Power Management and Distribution System for A More-Electric Aircraft(MADMEL)-Program Status. IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, December 1999
11. Robert B. Kerr. Data Communications Management for the Boeing 777 Airplane. 14th Digital Avionics System Conference(DASC), AIAA/IEEE, November 1995
12．龚治中编译．ARINC629数字通信系统(J)．航空电子技术，1996(2)
13．阳宪惠，徐用懋等．现场总线技术及其应用．北京：清华大学出版社，1999
14．胡伟东．单片机和DSP在嵌入式系统中的应用比较．信息技术与标准化(J)，2002(6)
15．章云，谢莉萍等．DSP控制器及其应用．北京：机械工业出版社，2001
16．刘和平，严利平等．TMS320LF240x DSP结构、原理及应用．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2002
17. TMS320LF2407, TMS320LF2406, TMS320LF2402 DSP Controllers. SPRS094H, Texas Instruments, 2002
18. TMS320LF/LC240xA DSP Controllers Reference Guide: System and Peripherals, Texas Instruments, 2001
19．张雄伟，陈亮等．DSP集成开发与应用实例．北京：电子工业出版社，2002
20．朱铭锆，赵勇等．DSP应用系统设计．北京：电子工业出版社，2002
21．飞机供电特性及对用电设备的要求．GJB181-86，1986
22．黄纯等．谐波环境下电参量微机测量算法的研究．湖南工程学院学报，2001(2)
23．张军．FPGA与CPLD器件使用经验谈．测控技术(J)，2001(12)
24．王幸之，王雷等．单片机应用系统抗干扰技术．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，1999
25．马宝甫，刘元法等．微机应用系统可靠性设计理论与实践．北京：电子工业出版社，1999
26．孔祥营、柏桂枝．嵌入式实时操作系统VxWorks及其开发环境Tornado．中国电力出版社，2002
27．JEAN J．LABROSSE著，邵贝贝译．μC／OS-Ⅱ：源码公开的实时嵌入式操作系统．中国电力出版社，2001
28. Kirby W. Cartwright. μC/OS for the Texas Instruments TMS320C2XX DSP
Family, 1998
29．彭卫东，姬劳．μC／OS-Ⅱ在TMS320LF2407上的移植及应用．单片机与嵌入式系统应用(J)，2003(4)
30. Aircraft Electric Power Characteristics. MIL-STD-704E, 1991
31．彭卫东，姬劳，朱正超．BIT技术及其在民用飞机上的应用．中国民航飞行学院学报(J)，2003(1)
32．曾天翔．电子设备测试性及诊断技术．北京：航空工业出版社，1996
33．顾德均．航空电子装备修理理论与技术．北京：国防工业出版社，2001
34．杨士元．数字系统的故障诊断与可靠性设计(第2版)．北京：清华大学出版社，2000
35．杨士元．模拟系统的故障诊断与可靠性设计．北京：清华大学出版社，1993
2．王友仁，严仰光等．飞机电气系统综合控制技术综述(J)．航空电子技术，1998(3)
3. Mike Bailey. Distributed Electrical Power Management Architechture. Colloquium: Electrical Machines and Systems for the More Electric Aircraft, 9 November, 1999
4．姬劳，张晓彬等译．容错供电系统(一)：负载研究．1997，7
5．姬劳，张晓彬等译．容错供电系统(二)：分析与初步设计．1997，7
6. Dr Robert Jones. The More Electric Aircraft : the Past and the Future. Colloquium: Electrical Machines and Systems for the More Electric Aircraft, 9 November, 1999
7. Ian Molt. The More Electric Aircraft-System Considerations. Colloquium: Electrical Machines and Systems for the More Electric Aircraft, 9 November, 1999
8. James S. Cloyd. Status of the United States Air Force's More Electric Aircraft Initiative. IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, April 1998
9. A. Emadi and M. Ehsani. Aircraft Power System: Technology, State of the Art and Future Trends. IEEE AES Systems Magazine, January 2000
10. Mr. Miguel A. Maldonado. Power Management and Distribution System for A More-Electric Aircraft(MADMEL)-Program Status. IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, December 1999
11. Robert B. Kerr. Data Communications Management for the Boeing 777 Airplane. 14th Digital Avionics System Conference(DASC), AIAA/IEEE, November 1995
12．龚治中编译．ARINC629数字通信系统(J)．航空电子技术，1996(2)
13．阳宪惠，徐用懋等．现场总线技术及其应用．北京：清华大学出版社，1999
14．胡伟东．单片机和DSP在嵌入式系统中的应用比较．信息技术与标准化(J)，2002(6)
15．章云，谢莉萍等．DSP控制器及其应用．北京：机械工业出版社，2001
16．刘和平，严利平等．TMS320LF240x DSP结构、原理及应用．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2002
17. TMS320LF2407, TMS320LF2406, TMS320LF2402 DSP Controllers. SPRS094H, Texas Instruments, 2002
18. TMS320LF/LC240xA DSP Controllers Reference Guide: System and Peripherals, Texas Instruments, 2001
19．张雄伟，陈亮等．DSP集成开发与应用实例．北京：电子工业出版社，2002
20．朱铭锆，赵勇等．DSP应用系统设计．北京：电子工业出版社，2002
21．飞机供电特性及对用电设备的要求．GJB181-86，1986
22．黄纯等．谐波环境下电参量微机测量算法的研究．湖南工程学院学报，2001(2)
23．张军．FPGA与CPLD器件使用经验谈．测控技术(J)，2001(12)
24．王幸之，王雷等．单片机应用系统抗干扰技术．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，1999
25．马宝甫，刘元法等．微机应用系统可靠性设计理论与实践．北京：电子工业出版社，1999
26．孔祥营、柏桂枝．嵌入式实时操作系统VxWorks及其开发环境Tornado．中国电力出版社，2002
27．JEAN J．LABROSSE著，邵贝贝译．μC／OS-Ⅱ：源码公开的实时嵌入式操作系统．中国电力出版社，2001
28. Kirby W. Cartwright. μC/OS for the Texas Instruments TMS320C2XX DSP
Family, 1998
29．彭卫东，姬劳．μC／OS-Ⅱ在TMS320LF2407上的移植及应用．单片机与嵌入式系统应用(J)，2003(4)
30. Aircraft Electric Power Characteristics. MIL-STD-704E, 1991
31．彭卫东，姬劳，朱正超．BIT技术及其在民用飞机上的应用．中国民航飞行学院学报(J)，2003(1)
32．曾天翔．电子设备测试性及诊断技术．北京：航空工业出版社，1996
33．顾德均．航空电子装备修理理论与技术．北京：国防工业出版社，2001
34．杨士元．数字系统的故障诊断与可靠性设计(第2版)．北京：清华大学出版社，2000
35．杨士元．模拟系统的故障诊断与可靠性设计．北京：清华大学出版社，1993