汉初政论文的文学精神研究
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摘要
汉初政论文,以贾谊和晁错的文章为代表,在中国散文史乃至中国文学史上都占有重要的地位,发挥着承上启下的作用。以往对汉初政论文的研究,往往集中于对个体作者的研究,而且以其思想性为研究重点,忽略了对其整体性特点的探讨。其实,汉初政论文的整体时代特点较为明显,它们具有相同的思想内容和相似的文学特点,汉初士人的身上也有着相似的人格精神。从目前的研究现状来看,研究者对汉初政论的时代背景、思想内容的研究较为充分,而且有较为一致的认识,但是对其文学特点的研究却稍显不足。因此,本文拟从广义的文学概念出发,把汉初政论文作为一个整体,以贾谊和晁错的作品为中心,来探讨汉初政论文的文学精神。
正文分为四章:
第一章,汉初政论文的时代背景及渊源研究。汉初政论文的产生有着内外两方面的原因。从社会环境看,汉初经济凋敝,政治上内忧外患,思想上清静无为,国家统一,文人生活的空间比较大,言论相对比较自由,大大激发了文人的政治热情和参与意识。再从文学内部的发展看,汉初政论文是对先秦说理散文的继承,它吸收了先秦散文的说理形式和优秀文学传统,在经历了春秋战国百家争鸣后,随着秦朝的统一,特别是汉朝的建立,汉初政论文也表现出由多元化形态逐渐朝集约化形态发展,由理论化向具体实践发展的特点。
第二章,汉初政论文的审美风格研究。汉初政论文,呈现出阳刚壮美的美学风貌。语言方面,汉初政论文声色节奏铿锵顿挫,句式使用多种多样,呈现出喷薄雄肆的特点。结构方面,汉初政论文数量众多,篇幅较长,文章的结构细致严谨,论证方法灵活多样。最后,汉初士人在写作时往往饱含一腔报国之情,发而成文,常常具有真挚的情感和浩荡的气势。这种阳刚的审美风格反映出汉初士人共同的审美趋向,以及汉初这个特定历史时期的时代美学追求。
第三章,汉初士人的人格精神研究。汉初政论文的阳刚风格展示出汉初士人奋发扬历的人生情怀和积极用事的昂扬姿态,展现了汉初士人在大一统的时代背景下积极进取、刚健有为的人格精神魅力与我国优秀的传统人文主义精神,具体表现在热衷政治的事功精神、维护大一统的爱国精神和民族精神、忧国忧民的忧患意识三个方面。这三个方面彼此联系,密不可分,共同构成了汉初士人的人格精神魅力。
第四章,汉初政论文的流变及对后世的影响。从汉代政论文的发展来看,西汉中后期的文章感情气势减弱,沉稳从容,这与阳刚豪迈,气势纵横,雄肆宏放的汉初文章形成鲜明的对比。而东汉的文章刺世疾邪,刚劲质朴,汉初士人积极入世、正道直行的精神在汉末士人的身上得到重新的彰显。汉初政论文在中国文学史上具有重要的地位,发挥着承上启下的作用,汉初政论文对后世的影响体现在对后世文章的影响以及汉初士人人格精神对后世的影响这两个方面。
结论,汉初士人的事功精神、忧患意识和爱国激情与其刚健阳刚的文章共同构成汉初政论文的文学精神。
Represented by articles of Jia Yi and Chao Cuo, the political articles in the early years of Han Dynasty play an important role in Chinese prose history and even in Chinese literature history as a connecting link. Most of the previous studies on political articles in the early years of Han Dynasty were concentrated on individual author and paid more attention to its ideological content, but neglected the exploration of its characteristic of unity. In fact, the whole era characteristic of the political articles in the early years of Han Dynasty is comparatively obvious, they share the same ideological content and similar literature characteristic and the writers in the early years of Han Dynasty have the similar personality too. According to current researches, researchers have studied the era background and ideological content sufficiently, and they have reached a comparative agreement, but it seems that they haven't done enough on its literature feature. So from a generalized literature concept, this thesis aims to probe into the literature spirit of political articles in the early years of Han Dynasty. It takes the political articles in the early years of Han Dynasty as a whole with works of Jia Yi and Chao Cuo as the focus.
The thesis is divided into four chapters:
Chapter one introduces the background and origin of the political articles in the early years of Han Dynasty. There are both inner and outer causes. As far as the social environment is concerned, in the early years of Han Dynasty the economy was depressed; the country had internal disorder and foreign invasion in politics and quietism and inaction in thought; the country was unified so the space in which the writers lived was quite large and their talking was relatively free, which stimulated writers' political enthusiasm and participation consciousness greatly. In respect of the literature internal development, the political articles in the early years of Han Dynasty is the inheritance of reasonable prose of pre-Qin, it absorbs the reasonable form and the excellent literary tradition. Having experienced the contending of a hundred schools of thought in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period, along with the unification of Qin dynasty, especially the establishment of Han Dynasty, the political articles in the early years of Han Dynasty displays the characteristics of development from the multiplex shape gradually to the intensified shape and from theories to the concrete practice.
Chapter two provides some researches about the esthetic style of the political articles in the early years of Han Dynasty. It presents positive and sublime esthetic style. In the aspect of language, the rhythm is sonorous and the use of sentence type is various, it presents powerful and unconstrained characteristic. In the aspect of structure, the quantity of the political articles is numerous and the space is very long, the structure of the articles is careful and rigorous and proof methods are nimble and diverse. Finally, authors often were full of sentiment of dedicating to the country when they were writing, so their political articles often had the sincere emotion and the powerful imposing vigor. This kind of positive esthetic style reflects the common esthetic trend of the writers' in the early years of Han Dynasty as well as the period esthetic pursuit of the early years of Han Dynasty as a very historical period.
Chapter three provides the research on the personality spirit of the writers in the early years of Han Dynasty. The positive esthetic style demonstrates the life mood which the writers exert themselves. It shows the positive and vigorous personality charm under the universal background and the outstanding traditional humanist spirit of our country. Its concrete manifestations are: Shi Gong spirit, Nationalism and Patriotism, the sense of hardship. These three aspects are related with each other, and constitute the writers' personality charm.
Chapter four discusses the change of the political articles in the early years of Han Dynasty and its influence to aftertime. Seeing from its development, in the mid and late period of Western Han Dynasty the articles sentiment imposing vigor is weakened, compared sharply with the articles which are heroic, free and powerful in the early years of Han Dynasty, while the articles in Eastern Han Dynasty are vigorous and modesty. At the beginning of Han Dynasty writers' spirit obtains the body again on the writers' body at the end of Han Dynasty's obviously. The political articles in the early years of Han Dynasty have the important status in Chinese literature history, they are playing the role which link the preceding with the following, Its influence manifests in descendant articles and descendant writers' personality.
In sum, Shi Gong spirit, Patriotism and the sense of hardship of the writers in the early years of Han Dynasty and their political articles together constitute the literature spirit of the political articles in the early years of Han Dynasty.
正文分为四章:
第一章,汉初政论文的时代背景及渊源研究。汉初政论文的产生有着内外两方面的原因。从社会环境看,汉初经济凋敝,政治上内忧外患,思想上清静无为,国家统一,文人生活的空间比较大,言论相对比较自由,大大激发了文人的政治热情和参与意识。再从文学内部的发展看,汉初政论文是对先秦说理散文的继承,它吸收了先秦散文的说理形式和优秀文学传统,在经历了春秋战国百家争鸣后,随着秦朝的统一,特别是汉朝的建立,汉初政论文也表现出由多元化形态逐渐朝集约化形态发展,由理论化向具体实践发展的特点。
第二章,汉初政论文的审美风格研究。汉初政论文,呈现出阳刚壮美的美学风貌。语言方面,汉初政论文声色节奏铿锵顿挫,句式使用多种多样,呈现出喷薄雄肆的特点。结构方面,汉初政论文数量众多,篇幅较长,文章的结构细致严谨,论证方法灵活多样。最后,汉初士人在写作时往往饱含一腔报国之情,发而成文,常常具有真挚的情感和浩荡的气势。这种阳刚的审美风格反映出汉初士人共同的审美趋向,以及汉初这个特定历史时期的时代美学追求。
第三章,汉初士人的人格精神研究。汉初政论文的阳刚风格展示出汉初士人奋发扬历的人生情怀和积极用事的昂扬姿态,展现了汉初士人在大一统的时代背景下积极进取、刚健有为的人格精神魅力与我国优秀的传统人文主义精神,具体表现在热衷政治的事功精神、维护大一统的爱国精神和民族精神、忧国忧民的忧患意识三个方面。这三个方面彼此联系,密不可分,共同构成了汉初士人的人格精神魅力。
第四章,汉初政论文的流变及对后世的影响。从汉代政论文的发展来看,西汉中后期的文章感情气势减弱,沉稳从容,这与阳刚豪迈,气势纵横,雄肆宏放的汉初文章形成鲜明的对比。而东汉的文章刺世疾邪,刚劲质朴,汉初士人积极入世、正道直行的精神在汉末士人的身上得到重新的彰显。汉初政论文在中国文学史上具有重要的地位,发挥着承上启下的作用,汉初政论文对后世的影响体现在对后世文章的影响以及汉初士人人格精神对后世的影响这两个方面。
结论,汉初士人的事功精神、忧患意识和爱国激情与其刚健阳刚的文章共同构成汉初政论文的文学精神。
Represented by articles of Jia Yi and Chao Cuo, the political articles in the early years of Han Dynasty play an important role in Chinese prose history and even in Chinese literature history as a connecting link. Most of the previous studies on political articles in the early years of Han Dynasty were concentrated on individual author and paid more attention to its ideological content, but neglected the exploration of its characteristic of unity. In fact, the whole era characteristic of the political articles in the early years of Han Dynasty is comparatively obvious, they share the same ideological content and similar literature characteristic and the writers in the early years of Han Dynasty have the similar personality too. According to current researches, researchers have studied the era background and ideological content sufficiently, and they have reached a comparative agreement, but it seems that they haven't done enough on its literature feature. So from a generalized literature concept, this thesis aims to probe into the literature spirit of political articles in the early years of Han Dynasty. It takes the political articles in the early years of Han Dynasty as a whole with works of Jia Yi and Chao Cuo as the focus.
The thesis is divided into four chapters:
Chapter one introduces the background and origin of the political articles in the early years of Han Dynasty. There are both inner and outer causes. As far as the social environment is concerned, in the early years of Han Dynasty the economy was depressed; the country had internal disorder and foreign invasion in politics and quietism and inaction in thought; the country was unified so the space in which the writers lived was quite large and their talking was relatively free, which stimulated writers' political enthusiasm and participation consciousness greatly. In respect of the literature internal development, the political articles in the early years of Han Dynasty is the inheritance of reasonable prose of pre-Qin, it absorbs the reasonable form and the excellent literary tradition. Having experienced the contending of a hundred schools of thought in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period, along with the unification of Qin dynasty, especially the establishment of Han Dynasty, the political articles in the early years of Han Dynasty displays the characteristics of development from the multiplex shape gradually to the intensified shape and from theories to the concrete practice.
Chapter two provides some researches about the esthetic style of the political articles in the early years of Han Dynasty. It presents positive and sublime esthetic style. In the aspect of language, the rhythm is sonorous and the use of sentence type is various, it presents powerful and unconstrained characteristic. In the aspect of structure, the quantity of the political articles is numerous and the space is very long, the structure of the articles is careful and rigorous and proof methods are nimble and diverse. Finally, authors often were full of sentiment of dedicating to the country when they were writing, so their political articles often had the sincere emotion and the powerful imposing vigor. This kind of positive esthetic style reflects the common esthetic trend of the writers' in the early years of Han Dynasty as well as the period esthetic pursuit of the early years of Han Dynasty as a very historical period.
Chapter three provides the research on the personality spirit of the writers in the early years of Han Dynasty. The positive esthetic style demonstrates the life mood which the writers exert themselves. It shows the positive and vigorous personality charm under the universal background and the outstanding traditional humanist spirit of our country. Its concrete manifestations are: Shi Gong spirit, Nationalism and Patriotism, the sense of hardship. These three aspects are related with each other, and constitute the writers' personality charm.
Chapter four discusses the change of the political articles in the early years of Han Dynasty and its influence to aftertime. Seeing from its development, in the mid and late period of Western Han Dynasty the articles sentiment imposing vigor is weakened, compared sharply with the articles which are heroic, free and powerful in the early years of Han Dynasty, while the articles in Eastern Han Dynasty are vigorous and modesty. At the beginning of Han Dynasty writers' spirit obtains the body again on the writers' body at the end of Han Dynasty's obviously. The political articles in the early years of Han Dynasty have the important status in Chinese literature history, they are playing the role which link the preceding with the following, Its influence manifests in descendant articles and descendant writers' personality.
In sum, Shi Gong spirit, Patriotism and the sense of hardship of the writers in the early years of Han Dynasty and their political articles together constitute the literature spirit of the political articles in the early years of Han Dynasty.
引文
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