汉英常用姓氏对比
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摘要
语言与文化紧密相连,对外汉语教学同样离不开文化。文化关系着语言教学中质量和汉文化的传播。在对外汉语教学中有三个重要目标，其中情感领域主要是通过学习汉语所体会到的中国文化、历史等具有价值观念的东西,它形成学生本人对中国整体的态度和价值观。适当的在对外汉语教学中，进行文化的渗透，从学生熟悉了解的文化入手，有力于外国学生对于汉语的学习和掌握。本文以汉英常用姓氏为一个突破口，以汉英各自常用的100个姓氏为天然语料，通过分类、对比、总结等一系列方法，分别对汉英姓氏的起源、发展、分类、文化等方面进行了对比研究。从文化角度来看，汉英姓氏是东西方文化不可缺少的一部分。进一步而言，研究汉英常用姓氏的对比，在对外汉语教学以及文化传播的方面有着十分积极的促进作用。从英语国家留学生熟悉的姓氏文化入手，对比分析汉英常用姓氏，有助于帮助他们了解中国的文化，创造良好的文化氛围；此外，为对外汉语教学提供了丰富的材料，提升了汉语学习的趣味灵活性，有助于留学生对于汉语的学习；更有力与对外汉语教师自身的文化素养提升。
本文除引言外，主要从以下几方面进行对比研究：
第一部分——汉英姓氏的来源
第二部分——汉语常用姓氏分类
第三部分——英语常用姓氏分类
第四部分——汉英常用姓氏文化内涵对比
第五部分——汉英常用姓氏对比研究在对外汉语教学中的积极作用
Language and culture are closely linked, teaching Chinese as a foreign languagecan not be separated from the culture.Cultural relate to the quality of languageteaching and the spread of Chineses culture.The target of teaching Chinese toForeigners include three aspects of the cognitive areas,affective areas, and skillareas.In affective areas, by learning Chinese,the students understand the Chinesehistory and culture,which forms the students the attitudes and values of China'soverall. In teaching Chinese to Foreigners,Starting with the areas which the student isfamiliar,appropriate Cultural infiltration is conducive to foreign students to learn andmaster Chinese.Used the commonly used surname of Chinese and English as abreakthrough and100surnames of Chinese an English commonly used as a naturalcorpus,through some ways of classification, comparison,asummary,the article do acomparative researh of the English surname origins, development,classification,cultural,This is mainly because: To research the differences of Easternand Western cultural, the surname is a good natural corpus,From a view of cultural,Chinese and English surnames is an indispensable part of the Eastern and Westerncultures.Further speaking,Comparative analysis of Chinese and English commonlyused surnames has a very active effect in Teaching Chinese to Foreigners and culturestudy.Starting from the surname culture,which the English-speaking countriesstudents are familiar, comparative analysis of Chinese and English surnames help thestudents understand the Chinese culture better, and create a good culturalatmosphere.Besides, it provides a wealth of materials for teaching Chinese as aforeign language, enhance the fun and flexibility of learning Chinese and help thestudents to learn Chinese,at the same time, it is conducive to enhance the culturalquality of foreign language teachers.
In addition to the introduction, this article do a Comparative research mainly onthe following aspects：
Part1-surname and Surname Culture
Part2-The Origin and Development of Chinese surnames
Part3-The Origin and Development of English surnames
Part4-Chinese and English common surname classification contrast
Part5-The positive role of teaching to the Chinese and English common surnamecontrast
本文除引言外，主要从以下几方面进行对比研究：
第一部分——汉英姓氏的来源
第二部分——汉语常用姓氏分类
第三部分——英语常用姓氏分类
第四部分——汉英常用姓氏文化内涵对比
第五部分——汉英常用姓氏对比研究在对外汉语教学中的积极作用
Language and culture are closely linked, teaching Chinese as a foreign languagecan not be separated from the culture.Cultural relate to the quality of languageteaching and the spread of Chineses culture.The target of teaching Chinese toForeigners include three aspects of the cognitive areas,affective areas, and skillareas.In affective areas, by learning Chinese,the students understand the Chinesehistory and culture,which forms the students the attitudes and values of China'soverall. In teaching Chinese to Foreigners,Starting with the areas which the student isfamiliar,appropriate Cultural infiltration is conducive to foreign students to learn andmaster Chinese.Used the commonly used surname of Chinese and English as abreakthrough and100surnames of Chinese an English commonly used as a naturalcorpus,through some ways of classification, comparison,asummary,the article do acomparative researh of the English surname origins, development,classification,cultural,This is mainly because: To research the differences of Easternand Western cultural, the surname is a good natural corpus,From a view of cultural,Chinese and English surnames is an indispensable part of the Eastern and Westerncultures.Further speaking,Comparative analysis of Chinese and English commonlyused surnames has a very active effect in Teaching Chinese to Foreigners and culturestudy.Starting from the surname culture,which the English-speaking countriesstudents are familiar, comparative analysis of Chinese and English surnames help thestudents understand the Chinese culture better, and create a good culturalatmosphere.Besides, it provides a wealth of materials for teaching Chinese as aforeign language, enhance the fun and flexibility of learning Chinese and help thestudents to learn Chinese,at the same time, it is conducive to enhance the culturalquality of foreign language teachers.
In addition to the introduction, this article do a Comparative research mainly onthe following aspects：
Part1-surname and Surname Culture
Part2-The Origin and Development of Chinese surnames
Part3-The Origin and Development of English surnames
Part4-Chinese and English common surname classification contrast
Part5-The positive role of teaching to the Chinese and English common surnamecontrast
引文
①刘知儿:《史通·正史篇》，中华书局，1987版.
②陈明远:汪宗虎．中国姓氏大全[M]．北京：北京出版社，1987．
③杜建春:中华万姓溯源[M]．济南：山东人民出版社，1995
①刘懿:中国人最常见的100种姓氏[M]．武汉：武汉出版社，2009
①许懊:《说文解字》卷24，中华书局，1998年，第183页
②包惠南,包昂:中国文化与汉英翻译[M].北京:外文出版社,2003.
③左丘明:《国语》卷10《周语》，奇鲁书社出版社，2加5版，第527页.
①周远成，夏群芳：衡阳师范学院期刊社，湖南衡阳421001；2．
②张继民：《半月谈》杂志1992年第18期《中华姓氏面面观》
①门阀制度:士族是地主阶级中一个特权阶层，由东汉的大姓幸族发展演变而成，在政治、经济、文化等方面享有特权世代官居高位。
①穆柳森：《百家姓词典》[M]深圳海关出版社1988年11
①何晓明:《姓名与中国文化》，人民出版社，2001年，第创砚沥页。
②穆柳森：《百家姓词典》[M]深圳海关出版社1988年11
③郑樵：《通志氏族略》宋高宗绍兴三十一年(1161年)成书
①赵敏.《中外姓氏人名杂说》.《语文知识》2002年10期
①R.Fjones,Mulcaster’sView ofthe English Language,Washington University Studies,No.13,1926,pp.267-403
②oddy Martin,Scottish Clan and Family Names:Their Arms,Origin and Tartans, Cambridge UniversityPress,1982,pp79-83
③淮鲁:《英语姓名知识手册》，世界知识出版社，1989年，第208·213页.
①G．Fransson,Middle English Surnames of Occupation,London,1996,pp.272
①H.S.Macgillivaray,The Influence of Christianity on the Vocabulary of Old English,Halle,1902,44
②G．Fransson,Middle English Surnames of Occupation,London,1996,pp.272
①吕振华.张凤.对外汉语视域下的姓氏文化教学[J].安阳工学院学报,2011.
②常雁.汉英姓氏的历史文化差异[D].山东：山东大学历史学院，2007.
③佚名.百家姓.[M].山西古籍出版社，1990.
①吕振华.张凤.对外汉语视域下的姓氏文化教学[J].安阳工学院学报,2011.
①郭朝霞.对外汉语教学中的文化教学初探[J].复旦大学,2009.
②郭掌印.李鸿亮.关于加强对外汉语文化教学的几点建议[J].工作研究,2011.
①[1] Po li zer, Robert, Developing CulturalUnder standing Trough Foreign Language Study Report of the FifthAnnualRound Table Meeting on Linguistics and Language Teaching [M]. Washington,D.C.:GeorgetownUniversity Press,1959.
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[2]杜学增.中英文化习俗比较[M].外语教学与研究出版社，1999.
[3]戴卫平.英国人姓名与文化[J].四川外语学院学报，(2)2000.
[4]高永晨.任瑞.中英姓氏差异中的文化蕴涵[J].天津外国语学院学报，(3)2003.
[5]黄修明.中国古代姓氏文化变革中的社会政治因素[J].西南民族学院学报，2000.
[6]贾卫国.语言、姓氏与文化[J].山东外语教学，(4)1998.
[7]李旭奎.张媛.李忠华.英语中的动物姓氏初探[J].中国海洋大学学报，2006.
[8]李庆明.陈国新.英语姓名与宗教文化[J].大学英语,1998.
[9]黎昌抱.邵伟英.汉姓名的国俗差异[J].四川外语学院学报,(1)1997.
[10]李家弊.杨炽.英国人的姓名[J].世界历史,1978.
[11]李忠华.英汉姓氏初探[J].解放军外国语学院学报,2001.
[12]刘向政.英汉姓名文化的相似性与差异性[J].民族文化,2005.
[13]林莺.对外汉语教学中的中国文化传播[J].开封大学学报,2007.
[14]慕容.中国古今姓氏词典[Z].北京:人民出版社，1985.
[15]纳日碧力戈.姓名论[M].北京:社科文献出版社，1997.
[16]牛道生.英语国家姓名文化内涵和历史渊源初探[J].山西师大学报,1996.
[17]田亚岐.倪景杰.我国姓氏的起源与发展[J]西安教育学院学报，2001.
[18]滕兆宝.汉俄姓氏文化比较[J].济宁师范专科学校学报,2006.
[19]吴长青.张瑛.肖家燕.英语姓氏文化探源[J]湖北经济学院学报，2008.
[20]王建华.文化的镜象—人名[M].吉林:吉林教育出版社，1990.
[21]王泉根.华夏姓名面面观[M].南宁:广西人民出版社，1988.
[22]王宝明.中国姓氏与人名[M].山西:山西人民出版社，1994.
[23]许光华.中国文化概要[M].汉语大词典出版社，2002.
[24]萧摇天.中国人名的研究[M].北京:国际文化出版公司，1987.
[25]杨圣敏.浅论姓氏研究的意义[J].中央民族大学学报(人文社会科学版)，2001.
[26]严药.祖名与姓氏--英语姓氏研究之一[J].江西师范大学学报,1991.
[27]姚亚平.文化的撞击一语言交往[M].长春:吉林教育出版社，1990.
[28]杨自俭.英汉姓名学中的几个问题[J].山东师大外国语学院学报(3)2001.
[29]张从益.彭正银.英语民族姓氏形成的文化意义初探[J].中南大学学报,2004.
[30]张联芳.中国人的姓名[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,1992.
[31]赵敏.中外姓氏人名杂说[J].语文知识,2002.
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②陈明远:汪宗虎．中国姓氏大全[M]．北京：北京出版社，1987．
③杜建春:中华万姓溯源[M]．济南：山东人民出版社，1995
①刘懿:中国人最常见的100种姓氏[M]．武汉：武汉出版社，2009
①许懊:《说文解字》卷24，中华书局，1998年，第183页
②包惠南,包昂:中国文化与汉英翻译[M].北京:外文出版社,2003.
③左丘明:《国语》卷10《周语》，奇鲁书社出版社，2加5版，第527页.
①周远成，夏群芳：衡阳师范学院期刊社，湖南衡阳421001；2．
②张继民：《半月谈》杂志1992年第18期《中华姓氏面面观》
①门阀制度:士族是地主阶级中一个特权阶层，由东汉的大姓幸族发展演变而成，在政治、经济、文化等方面享有特权世代官居高位。
①穆柳森：《百家姓词典》[M]深圳海关出版社1988年11
①何晓明:《姓名与中国文化》，人民出版社，2001年，第创砚沥页。
②穆柳森：《百家姓词典》[M]深圳海关出版社1988年11
③郑樵：《通志氏族略》宋高宗绍兴三十一年(1161年)成书
①赵敏.《中外姓氏人名杂说》.《语文知识》2002年10期
①R.Fjones,Mulcaster’sView ofthe English Language,Washington University Studies,No.13,1926,pp.267-403
②oddy Martin,Scottish Clan and Family Names:Their Arms,Origin and Tartans, Cambridge UniversityPress,1982,pp79-83
③淮鲁:《英语姓名知识手册》，世界知识出版社，1989年，第208·213页.
①G．Fransson,Middle English Surnames of Occupation,London,1996,pp.272
①H.S.Macgillivaray,The Influence of Christianity on the Vocabulary of Old English,Halle,1902,44
②G．Fransson,Middle English Surnames of Occupation,London,1996,pp.272
①吕振华.张凤.对外汉语视域下的姓氏文化教学[J].安阳工学院学报,2011.
②常雁.汉英姓氏的历史文化差异[D].山东：山东大学历史学院，2007.
③佚名.百家姓.[M].山西古籍出版社，1990.
①吕振华.张凤.对外汉语视域下的姓氏文化教学[J].安阳工学院学报,2011.
①郭朝霞.对外汉语教学中的文化教学初探[J].复旦大学,2009.
②郭掌印.李鸿亮.关于加强对外汉语文化教学的几点建议[J].工作研究,2011.
①[1] Po li zer, Robert, Developing CulturalUnder standing Trough Foreign Language Study Report of the FifthAnnualRound Table Meeting on Linguistics and Language Teaching [M]. Washington,D.C.:GeorgetownUniversity Press,1959.
[1]常雁.汉英姓氏的历史文化差异[D].山东：山东大学历史学院，2007.
[2]杜学增.中英文化习俗比较[M].外语教学与研究出版社，1999.
[3]戴卫平.英国人姓名与文化[J].四川外语学院学报，(2)2000.
[4]高永晨.任瑞.中英姓氏差异中的文化蕴涵[J].天津外国语学院学报，(3)2003.
[5]黄修明.中国古代姓氏文化变革中的社会政治因素[J].西南民族学院学报，2000.
[6]贾卫国.语言、姓氏与文化[J].山东外语教学，(4)1998.
[7]李旭奎.张媛.李忠华.英语中的动物姓氏初探[J].中国海洋大学学报，2006.
[8]李庆明.陈国新.英语姓名与宗教文化[J].大学英语,1998.
[9]黎昌抱.邵伟英.汉姓名的国俗差异[J].四川外语学院学报,(1)1997.
[10]李家弊.杨炽.英国人的姓名[J].世界历史,1978.
[11]李忠华.英汉姓氏初探[J].解放军外国语学院学报,2001.
[12]刘向政.英汉姓名文化的相似性与差异性[J].民族文化,2005.
[13]林莺.对外汉语教学中的中国文化传播[J].开封大学学报,2007.
[14]慕容.中国古今姓氏词典[Z].北京:人民出版社，1985.
[15]纳日碧力戈.姓名论[M].北京:社科文献出版社，1997.
[16]牛道生.英语国家姓名文化内涵和历史渊源初探[J].山西师大学报,1996.
[17]田亚岐.倪景杰.我国姓氏的起源与发展[J]西安教育学院学报，2001.
[18]滕兆宝.汉俄姓氏文化比较[J].济宁师范专科学校学报,2006.
[19]吴长青.张瑛.肖家燕.英语姓氏文化探源[J]湖北经济学院学报，2008.
[20]王建华.文化的镜象—人名[M].吉林:吉林教育出版社，1990.
[21]王泉根.华夏姓名面面观[M].南宁:广西人民出版社，1988.
[22]王宝明.中国姓氏与人名[M].山西:山西人民出版社，1994.
[23]许光华.中国文化概要[M].汉语大词典出版社，2002.
[24]萧摇天.中国人名的研究[M].北京:国际文化出版公司，1987.
[25]杨圣敏.浅论姓氏研究的意义[J].中央民族大学学报(人文社会科学版)，2001.
[26]严药.祖名与姓氏--英语姓氏研究之一[J].江西师范大学学报,1991.
[27]姚亚平.文化的撞击一语言交往[M].长春:吉林教育出版社，1990.
[28]杨自俭.英汉姓名学中的几个问题[J].山东师大外国语学院学报(3)2001.
[29]张从益.彭正银.英语民族姓氏形成的文化意义初探[J].中南大学学报,2004.
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[31]赵敏.中外姓氏人名杂说[J].语文知识,2002.
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