婴儿肝炎综合征临床研究
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摘要
目的:探讨婴儿肝炎综合症(婴肝)病因、临床表现、并发症及针对病因的相关治疗及疗效评价。
     方法:对符合婴儿期起病、黄疸、肝脏肿大和肝功能障碍特征的44例病例,进行临床资料的回顾性分析,采用酶联免疫吸附试验法检测血清病毒抗原抗体,进行相关影像学检查及代谢病筛查等。对其中符合TORCH病毒感染的21例予以更昔洛韦进行治疗。
     结果:
     1.44例病例中24例明确为感染相关性,其中TORCH感染21例,占47.7%,包括单纯巨细胞病毒感染11例;巨细胞病毒合并其他病毒感染8例;单纯的疱疹病毒感染1例。乙肝病毒感染7例,占15.9%,其中4例合并TORCH感染,占9.1%。可疑先天性胆道病变5例,占11.4%,其中有2例通过剖腹探查证实,予以肝门空肠吻合术,术后效果较好。1例苯丙酮尿症。1例胆道结石。1例孕期有家犬咬伤史。病因不明12例,占27.3%。
     2.44例皆以黄疸不退或退而复现首诊;43例合并呼吸道感染,占97.7%;26例合并消化系统感染,占59.1%;5例并发颅内出血,5例合并心血管畸形,5例合并脐疝,各占11.4%。查体42例肝脏增大,占95.4%。44例均有不同程度肝功能损害。
     3.44例临床病例给予保肝利胆、利湿退黄、能量支持及祛除病因等治疗,14天一疗程,ALT、TBIL、DBIL及肝脏大小等指标显著降低(p<0.001),1~3疗程有效率为86.4%。
     4.临床治愈6例,占13.6%;显效15例,占34.1%;有效17例,占38.6%;无效6例(其中3例仅住院3天自动出院),占13.6%。
     结论:
     1.婴肝常见病因有感染、先天性代谢缺陷及肝胆发育异常等,其中以TORCH感染比例最大,感染率47.7%;乙肝母婴传播不可忽视,感染率15.9%。
     2.婴肝患儿多以黄疸持续不退或退而复现首诊,肝脏增大占95.4%,实验室检查肝功能异常占100%,胆红素水平明显增高,直接胆红素与总胆比值多在40%~50%。
     3.婴肝合并多系统病变,常并发畸形、多系统继发感染、颅内出血、甲低及皮疹等。继发呼吸道感染率达97.7%。
     4.予以保肝利胆、利湿退黄、能量支持及病因祛除等治疗,明确病毒感染相关者,合理应用更昔洛韦,对于胆道闭锁、胆总管囊肿等病例,强调早期手术。
     5.44例治疗结果显示有效率为86.4%。
Objective : To analyze the etiology .clinical features and therapy efficacy of infantile hepatitis syndrome .
     Methods : Retrospective analysis of the database was performed on patients present with the onset of infant . jaundice , hepatomegaly and liver function abnormalities . Detect TORCH-IgM and TORCH-IgG by the way of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay , also adopt imageology and metabolic disease screening methods . 21 cases infected by TORCH were treated with Ganciclovir .
     Results :
     1. Of the 44 patients with infantile hepatitis syndrome , 24 of which were identified to be infected by pathogenic micro-organism , the infective rate was 54.5%; 21 cases were infected by TORCH (47.7%) . 11 only by CMV , and 8 by CMV compared with other viruses ;1 only by HSV ; 7 cases were caused by HBV infection , 4 of which were complicated with TORCH infection ; and 5 cases suffered from congenital liver and gall dysplasia , among which 2 cases were identified to be congenital cholangioclse and accepted operation named Kasai. 12 cases are still etiology-unknown(27.3%).
     2. Ail cases came for persisitent jaudance or delayed regression , and 43 combined with respiratory infection(97.7%) ;26 with alimentary system infection (59.1%) ; 5 with intracranial hemorrhage , 5 with cardiovascular system malformation , 5 with umbilical hernia , each takes 11.4% . Physical examination indicated that 42 occurred hepatomegaly (95.4%). 44 cases suffered Hepatic function damage .
     3. 44 cases were offered ordinary therapy , 14 days were set as a course of treatment,indexes for evaluating curative effects such as ALT , TBIL , DBIL and liver size degraded markedly (p<0.001) . Effective power came to 86.4% after 1 to 3 courses of treatment.
     4. 6 cases were curinged , percentage was 13.6% ; 15 excellence , took 34.1% ; 17 utility ones , percentage was 38.6% ; and 6 were invalid ones (including 3 cases voluntarily discharge ), took 13.6% .
     Conclusion :
     1. Infection is still the chief cause of infant hepatitis syndrome, in which TORCH infection takes the main parts , infection rate is 47.7% ; and HBV infection can not be ignored , most cases are infected by the way of vertical transmission , infection rate is 15.9% .
     2. Most cases came for persisitent jaudance or delayed regression , Physical examination indicated that 42 occurred hepatomegaly (95.4%) . 44 cases suffered Hepatic function damage .and bilirubin lever increases , ratio of direct bilirubin in total fluctuates 40% to 50% .
     3. IFH usually combines with multisystem damages , such as malformation , secondary infections , intracranial hemorrhage , thyroid hypofunction and skin rash , et al. The respiratoy infection rate is 97.7% .
     4. Supplying ordinary therapy , curing cases infected by viruses with Ganciclouir and operating on infants with biliary atresia or choledochal cyst.
     5. Effective power came to 86.4% after 1 to 3 courses of treatment.
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