我国紫薇种质资源及其亲缘关系的研究
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摘要
紫薇(Lagerstroemia indica)是我国夏季重要的观花小乔木,具有花期长、花色丰富以及抗污染等优点,深受人们的广泛喜爱,在园林中越来越受到重视,目前正大量应用于园林绿化。但在应用过程中,往往存在着品种少、花色单一、株型单调等不足。造成这种现象的原因主要是缺乏对我国紫薇资源的系统研究,不清楚现有资源的家底,以致使一些具有优异性状的种质,如垂枝、多瓣等类型无人问津。针对这一情况,本研究首先详细地调查了我国现有的紫薇资源,在此基础上,利用AFLP标记技术确定一些传统品种和新品种间的亲缘关系。通过研究,得出如下主要结论:
     1.我国现有紫薇18种,从东南亚引入3种,共计21种。广泛分布的种类是紫薇 L.indica、南紫薇 L.subcostara和福建紫薇 L.limii;我国特有种是云南紫薇 L.intermedia、广东紫薇 L.fordii、福建紫薇和狭瓣紫薇 L.stenopetala。我国现有紫薇栽培品种48个,其中15个品种以前未见过报道,为作者调查发现的新品种,包括白花品种6个:‘粉蕊出墙’、‘白蝶飞舞’、‘层云积雪’、‘白密香’、‘交互银薇’、‘垂枝白’等,红紫花品种8个:‘垂枝粉’、‘垂枝红’、‘红蝶飞舞’、‘二层紫’、‘幺红’、‘垂枝紫’、‘蓝紫’、‘直枝紫’等,红叶品种1个,即‘红叶紫薇’。我国100年以上的古蔸紫薇近万株,主要分布于四川脾县地区和湖北保康两地。
     2.在形态学研究的基础上,制定出紫薇品种分类检索表,并对每一品种进行了详细的评价;提出紫薇优异性状标准及优异种质的评选标准,并筛选出香花、红叶、垂枝、大花、多瓣及花叶等6个优异性状。同时,分别在鸡公山和郑州黄河游览区两地初步建立了紫薇资源圃。目前圃内共收集紫薇属植物5种,品种30个。
     3.首次建立并优化了紫薇的AFLP银染反应体系,完成了紫薇DNA提取、酶切连接、预扩增、选择性扩增等试验过程,利用Mse1-Pst1进行双酶切和7对引物组合,得到了清晰的紫薇品种及相关种的AFLP指纹图谱。
     4.利用AFLP技术确定出紫薇相关种类和部分品种的亲缘关系:杂种南紫薇种系的‘杂种粉’与南紫薇间的亲缘关系较近,其相似性系数达0.84;杂种福建紫薇种系的‘福建杂种白’和‘福建杂种粉’与福建紫薇间的亲缘关系也比较近,其相似性系数是0.83,从而从分子水平上初步证明了紫薇与南紫薇和福建紫薇天然杂交种的存在。矮生品种‘矮生白’、‘粉润’、‘矮生垂枝粉’、‘矮生红’、‘矮生平枝红’和‘矮生直枝红’聚在一起,其中‘粉润’和‘矮生垂枝粉’的相似性系数最高,达0.93,显示出矮生品种间较近的亲缘关系。依此类推,具有优异性状的多瓣紫薇‘白蝶飞舞’和‘层云积雪’间、‘红蝶飞舞’和‘幺红’间、白花品种‘紫爪银薇’和‘白云映霞’间的亲缘关系均较近,而香花品种‘白密香’则与以
    
    我国紫薇种质资源及其亲缘关系的研究
    上品种间的亲缘关系较远。
     以上研究为紫薇基因库的建立、优良品种选育、新品种保护、种质资源保护利用
    以及亲缘关系的系列研究奠定了理论基础,同时为建立紫薇遗传连锁图谱、分子标记
    辅助育种和重要基因的图位克隆提供可能,为紫薇育种和应用提供理论指导。
Common Crapemyrtle (Lagerstroemia indica L.), mainly distributing both in southern and southwestern China , is an important ornamental tree species blooming from summer to autumn in China. In order to bring unknown L. indica cultivars cultivated, it is crucial to investigate, collect, and study its germplasm resources first. Based upon morphological traits as well as result analyses by AFLP techniques, some L. indica cultivars were identified and their DNA fingerprints were established. The main results were as follows:
    1. According to the investigation, there are 18 species of the genus Lagerstroemia distributing in China. L. indica, L. limii and L. subcostata are widely distributed, and L. intermedia, L. fordii, L. limii and L. stenopetala are endemic to China. The investigation results also show that there are at least 48 L. indica cultivars in China, 15 of which had not been reported before. These 15 cultivars are: ' Fenrei Chuqiang ', ' Baidie Feiwu ', ' Cengyun Jixue ', ' Bai Mixiang ', ' Jiaohu Yinwei ', ' Chuizhi Bai ', ' Chuizhi Fen ',
    ' Chuizhi Hong ',' Hongdie Feiwu ',' Erceng Zi',' Lanse Yaoji',' Chuizhi Zi',' Lanzi', ' Zhizhi Zi 'and ' Hongye Ziwei '. There are about 10,000 older-than-100-year L. indica plants in China, and most of them were found in Pixian County, Sichuan and Baokang County, Hubei. The author concluded, therefore, that these two counties must have been the most important native growing areas of L. indica in history.
    2. All the investigated L. indica cultivars were named according to their own characteristics. A key of these newly-named cultivars was also worked out for quick identification. Meanwhile, standards for the eminent germplasms and their characteristics were also brought forward in the study. In term of the standards mentioned above, 6 eminent L. indica germplasms were identified: aromatic flower, red leaf, weeping branch, large flower , androptalous and mosaic leaf features,. Five species of Lagerstroemia and 30 cultivars of L. indica were collected and cultivated in two gardens specially set up for conserving germplasms and cultivar resources of Lagerstroemia both in Jigongshan Mountain and the Yellow River Tourist Area, Henan.
    
    
    3. By using Msel-Pstl digest and 7 primers, a suitable silver-staining AFLP system for L. indica was developed. Clear- and high-resolution DNA fingerprints were obtained, which meant success in DNA extraction, restriction-ligase reaction, double amplification, and the staining techniques.
    4. The AFLP results show that the genetic relationships between dwarf cultivars are close. Among them, the relationship between ' Fenrun ' and ' Aisheng Chuizhi Fen ' is the closest. The results also suggested a close genetic relationship between ' Baidie Feiwu ' and ' Cengyun Jixue ', ' Hongdie Feiwu ' and ' Lanse Yaoji ', ' Zizhao Yinwei ' and ' Baiyun Yingxia ', respectively. All the above cultivars are genetically far away from ' Bai Mixiang '. Furthermore, natural hybrids of L. indica, L. limii and L. subcostata are identified by AFLP techniques.
    The objective of this study was to provide scientific bases for establishment of gene pool, selection and breeding of eminent cultivars, seeking and conservation of new cultivars, and for protection and usage of genetic resources and their relationships in L. indica. Besides, DNA fingerprints of L. indica could also be used for genetic mapping, marker-assisted selection and map-based cloning. Therefore, the results wound exert important effects on genetic improvement of L. indica at the molecular level.
引文
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