磁悬浮卸荷转杯轴承的研发
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摘要
转杯纺纱是新型纺纱中技术最成熟、推广最快,使用量最大的一种新型纺纱技术,不但纺纱质量好,产量高,更重要的是缩短了工艺流程,比环锭纺减少了粗纱及络纱工序,大大节省了用工人数、占地面积、用电等生产费用,越来越受到棉纺企业的青睐。在“十一五”发展及战略规划中,明确提出发展新型纺纱设备是今后我国棉纺发展的主要方向。转杯轴承是支承高速旋转的转杯的零件,转杯的转速直接关系到纺纱的质量,而两端沟道的载荷不均影响转杯轴承的寿命从而提高纺纱的成本。
本文介绍了磁悬浮技术及其应用现状、转杯纺纱的概念、国内外转杯纺纱的发展状况以及发展方向。本文根据卸荷原理不同提出四种磁力卸荷方法:主动磁力轴承卸荷、混合磁力轴承卸荷、被动磁力轴承卸荷、特殊磁路卸荷等。在特殊磁路卸荷的研究中,采用了理论研究与实验研究并重的方式,采用ANSYS理论设计计算和理论分析,并通过高斯计测量两种不同磁极布置方案及开磁路和闭合磁路的磁场强度进行验证,得出纺纱转杯轴承以采用SNNS(NSSN)方式闭合磁路较合适的结论;建立计算特殊磁路气隙磁场感应强度的模型,提出采用退磁曲线法对卸荷磁路的永磁材料的选择方法。
为了对转杯轴承进行有效的磁悬浮卸荷,本文对转杯轴承进行结构及受力分析,提出采用合适的磁力卸荷方法(特殊磁路)、卸荷力的大小及卸荷力作用位置;分析永磁路设计过程中软、硬磁材料及隔磁材料的选择问题。为了使卸荷力的作用件能够平稳地随着心轴一起高速运转,进行了高速转子的静态过盈联接及动态过盈联接及高速旋转的导磁套强度分析,并采用ANSYS进行静态强度、动态强度校核及松脱极限速度的校核。
本文建立了磁悬浮卸荷转杯轴承的运动方程模型和疲劳计算修正模型,并在不同载荷下以卸荷与未卸荷的转杯轴承为例对其寿命进行比较。根据对比的试验原理设计了功能验证试验台,并采用红外热像仪对高速旋转的转杯轴承进行工作温度测试,分析了端面最高点温度、端面固定点温度及轴承温度稳定时沿着载荷方向的温度分布。最后对本论文进行总结和展望。
In the new spinning technique, Rotor Spinning promoted fastest is a new type of spinning which have the most mature technology and the biggest use , not only make spinning good quality and high yield but also has shortened the process, compared with Ring Spinning ,it reduces the processes of ring Roving and Winding, greatly saves the number of labor, space, power consumption and other production costs, becomes more and more popular in cotton spinning enterprises . In the "11th Five-Year" development and strategic planning, specifically presenting the development of new spinning equipment is in the future development of China's major cotton spinning direction. Spinning-rotor Bearing is the part which supports the high-speed rotating rotor, The RPM of Rotor Bearing is directly related to the quality of spinning, and the life of Spinning-rotor bearing has impact on the cost of spinning.
This paper introduces the application of magnetic suspension technology, the concept of Rotor Spinning, the development of the Rotor Spinning at home and abroad and the home direction of development. Based on the principle of unloading this paper presents four different magnetic unloading methods: Active Magnetic Bearings Unloading, Mixed Magnetic Bearings Unloading, Passive Magnetic Bearings Unloading and other special magnetic circuit unloading. In the research of the special magnetic circuit unloading, using Gauss meter measures the magnetic field strength of the magnetic pole layouting with two different programmee and the magnetic circuit which is open and closed ,using ANSYS analyzes the distribution of magnetic line of force , according to experiment and theoretical analysis, the magnetic pole layout which are SNNS (NSSN) is more suitable for the closed magnetic circuit , establishes the model which calculates the gap of the magnetic field strength, presenting demagnetization-curve method is used by the permanent magnetic circuit to how to choose permanent magnetic material.
In order to use magnetic suspension to effectively unload for Rotor Bearing, this paper has analyzed Rotor-Bearing structural and stress, presents the appropriate method of magnetic Unloading (special magnetic circuit), the size of the unloading force and the unloading force position and analyzes the issue of how to choose soft & hard magnetic materials and nonmagnetic materials in the Magnetic circuit design process. In order to make the part of the unloading force smoothly rotate together with the mandrel in the high-speed, This paper analyzes the static & dynamic Interference Fit and the intensity of flux sleeve in the high-speed rotating, and uses ANSYS to check the static and dynamic strength and the limit speed of loose.
This paper establishes the motion-equation model of Magnetic Unloading Rotor Bearing and the correction model of fatigue calculation, and calculates the life of Rotor Bearing and Magnetic Unloading Rotor Bearing and compares each other under different loading. According to the pilot contrast principle, the test-bed is designed, Thermal infrared imager is used to measure the operating temperature of all kinds of Rotor Bearing,this paper have analyzed the max temperature on the ends ,the fixed point temperature on the ends and the temperature distribution along load direction. Finally, this paper is summed up and prospected.
本文介绍了磁悬浮技术及其应用现状、转杯纺纱的概念、国内外转杯纺纱的发展状况以及发展方向。本文根据卸荷原理不同提出四种磁力卸荷方法:主动磁力轴承卸荷、混合磁力轴承卸荷、被动磁力轴承卸荷、特殊磁路卸荷等。在特殊磁路卸荷的研究中,采用了理论研究与实验研究并重的方式,采用ANSYS理论设计计算和理论分析,并通过高斯计测量两种不同磁极布置方案及开磁路和闭合磁路的磁场强度进行验证,得出纺纱转杯轴承以采用SNNS(NSSN)方式闭合磁路较合适的结论;建立计算特殊磁路气隙磁场感应强度的模型,提出采用退磁曲线法对卸荷磁路的永磁材料的选择方法。
为了对转杯轴承进行有效的磁悬浮卸荷,本文对转杯轴承进行结构及受力分析,提出采用合适的磁力卸荷方法(特殊磁路)、卸荷力的大小及卸荷力作用位置;分析永磁路设计过程中软、硬磁材料及隔磁材料的选择问题。为了使卸荷力的作用件能够平稳地随着心轴一起高速运转,进行了高速转子的静态过盈联接及动态过盈联接及高速旋转的导磁套强度分析,并采用ANSYS进行静态强度、动态强度校核及松脱极限速度的校核。
本文建立了磁悬浮卸荷转杯轴承的运动方程模型和疲劳计算修正模型,并在不同载荷下以卸荷与未卸荷的转杯轴承为例对其寿命进行比较。根据对比的试验原理设计了功能验证试验台,并采用红外热像仪对高速旋转的转杯轴承进行工作温度测试,分析了端面最高点温度、端面固定点温度及轴承温度稳定时沿着载荷方向的温度分布。最后对本论文进行总结和展望。
In the new spinning technique, Rotor Spinning promoted fastest is a new type of spinning which have the most mature technology and the biggest use , not only make spinning good quality and high yield but also has shortened the process, compared with Ring Spinning ,it reduces the processes of ring Roving and Winding, greatly saves the number of labor, space, power consumption and other production costs, becomes more and more popular in cotton spinning enterprises . In the "11th Five-Year" development and strategic planning, specifically presenting the development of new spinning equipment is in the future development of China's major cotton spinning direction. Spinning-rotor Bearing is the part which supports the high-speed rotating rotor, The RPM of Rotor Bearing is directly related to the quality of spinning, and the life of Spinning-rotor bearing has impact on the cost of spinning.
This paper introduces the application of magnetic suspension technology, the concept of Rotor Spinning, the development of the Rotor Spinning at home and abroad and the home direction of development. Based on the principle of unloading this paper presents four different magnetic unloading methods: Active Magnetic Bearings Unloading, Mixed Magnetic Bearings Unloading, Passive Magnetic Bearings Unloading and other special magnetic circuit unloading. In the research of the special magnetic circuit unloading, using Gauss meter measures the magnetic field strength of the magnetic pole layouting with two different programmee and the magnetic circuit which is open and closed ,using ANSYS analyzes the distribution of magnetic line of force , according to experiment and theoretical analysis, the magnetic pole layout which are SNNS (NSSN) is more suitable for the closed magnetic circuit , establishes the model which calculates the gap of the magnetic field strength, presenting demagnetization-curve method is used by the permanent magnetic circuit to how to choose permanent magnetic material.
In order to use magnetic suspension to effectively unload for Rotor Bearing, this paper has analyzed Rotor-Bearing structural and stress, presents the appropriate method of magnetic Unloading (special magnetic circuit), the size of the unloading force and the unloading force position and analyzes the issue of how to choose soft & hard magnetic materials and nonmagnetic materials in the Magnetic circuit design process. In order to make the part of the unloading force smoothly rotate together with the mandrel in the high-speed, This paper analyzes the static & dynamic Interference Fit and the intensity of flux sleeve in the high-speed rotating, and uses ANSYS to check the static and dynamic strength and the limit speed of loose.
This paper establishes the motion-equation model of Magnetic Unloading Rotor Bearing and the correction model of fatigue calculation, and calculates the life of Rotor Bearing and Magnetic Unloading Rotor Bearing and compares each other under different loading. According to the pilot contrast principle, the test-bed is designed, Thermal infrared imager is used to measure the operating temperature of all kinds of Rotor Bearing,this paper have analyzed the max temperature on the ends ,the fixed point temperature on the ends and the temperature distribution along load direction. Finally, this paper is summed up and prospected.
引文
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[32]Binder A,Schneider T,Klohr M.Fixation of buried and surface mounted magnets in high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motors[A].Conference Record of the IEEE Industry Applications Society Fortieth Annual Meeting [C].Hong Kong:IEEE,2005:2843-2848
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[2]胡业发.基于结构动态特性的磁悬浮主轴系统研究:[博士学位论文].武汉:汉理工大学,2001.
[3]朱烧秋.数控磁轴承的研究与实现:[博士学位论文].南京:南京航空航天大学,2000.
[4]R.弗雷泽,P.J基林森,G.A.奥伯贝克.磁悬浮和电悬浮[M]国防工业出版社,1982.
[5]周炎.磁力技术应用与展望[J]机械制造.42卷,第480期,2004/8,28-31.
[6]R.Sindlinger.Magnetic bearing momentum wheels with vernier 3-axis active attitude control and energy storage.Ⅶ IFAC symp.on AUTOMATIC control in space,Rottach-Egern May,1976.
[7]EM097 新技术系列报道之二电主轴--当前最热门的功能部件世界机电市场.1982.2.
[8]S.Wan,K,J.Tseng.Novel Bearingless Centrifugal Blood Pump.Power Electronics and Drive Systems,2001.Proceedings.2001 4th IEEE International conference on Volume 2,22-25 Oct.2001,743-748
[9]丁国平,周祖德,王晓光等.磁悬浮硬盘中非记录磁场的研究[J].计算机工程.30卷,第15期,2004/8,158-160.
[10]张祖明,温诗铸.关于直流控制式磁力轴承的稳定性分析.第一届全国机械零件计算方法学术会议论文集.1982.
[11]Yu Suyang.Yang Guo jun,Shi Lei,et.et.Application and Research of the Active MagneticBearing in the Nuclear Power Plant of High Temperature Reactor.the 10~(th)InternationalSymposium on Magnetic Bearings(10th ISMB).Zurich.Switzerland,June,1988,21-23 Aug.2006.
[12]汪希平,张直明,于良等.电磁轴承在透平膨胀机中的应用研究进展[J].中国机械工程.11卷,第四期.2000/4.379-381.
[13]姚远胜,龚传炳.21世纪泵的发展展望[J].湖南农机.2000年第4期.13-15.
[14]Birgit Pakowski.Advaneed rotor spinning.Textile Asia,2003,(4):38-41.
[15]S.Weidner-Bohnenberger.High-performanee Spinner.Textile Asia,2003,(4):46-47.
[16]周慈念.转杯纺的发展与应用[J].纺织导报,2002,(4):44-46.
[17]柳玉书,张庆喜.我国自排风式转杯纺纱机的发展与现状[J].棉纺织技术,2000,28(2):10-12.
[18]郁崇文.新型纺纱技术的发展[J].棉纺织技术2003,31(1):9-12.
[19]秦贞俊.转杯纺纱技术的发展[J].国外纺织技术,2002,(10):1-5.
[20]陈根才,章友鹤.关于我国转杯纺发展问题的思考[J].浙江纺织服装职业技术学院学报,2007,(3):1-4.
[21]林其壬,赵佑民磁路设计原理[M].机械工业出版社,1987
[22]夏平畴.永磁机构[M].北京工业大学出版社,2000
[23]张世远,路权,薛荣华,都有为.磁性材料基础,北京科学出版社,1988
[24]赵克中.磁力驱动技术与设备[M].北京化工工业出版社,2004
[25]吉力.气流纺纱机中减轻轴向窜动的转杯轴承[P].中国专利200320120455.4.2004
[26]胡业发,周祖德,江征风.磁力轴承的基础理论与应用[M].机械工业出版社,2006
[27]林其壬,赵佑民.磁路设计原理[M].北京:机械工业出版社,1987:402-404
[28]高会生,李新叶,胡智奇译.MATALAB原理与工程应用(第二版)[M].北京:电子工业出版社,2006,160-169
[29]吴刚,张育林,刘昆,程谋森,肖凯.永磁电磁轴承的磁路设计方法[J].轴承,2004,3:4-7
[30]唐兴伦.Ansys工程应用教程-热与电磁学篇[M].北京:铁道出版社,2003.
[31]阎照文。Ansys10.0工程电磁分析技术与实例详解[M].北京:中国水利出版社,2006
[32]Binder A,Schneider T,Klohr M.Fixation of buried and surface mounted magnets in high-speed permanent magnet synchronous motors[A].Conference Record of the IEEE Industry Applications Society Fortieth Annual Meeting [C].Hong Kong:IEEE,2005:2843-2848
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