我国工业反哺农业的路径选择
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摘要
根据客观经济规律,工业发展到一定阶段后对农业进行反哺是各国工业化进程中一个不可逾越的历史阶段。人类社会追求效率所带来的农业弱化必须通过工业反哺农业政策来改善。当今世界的诸多发达国家,在经济发展进程的不同阶段,都有针对性地实施了一系列工业反哺农业的政策,充分证明了工业发展到一定阶段后必须反哺农业的客观经济规律。
我国在处理工、农业发展关系的问题上长期采取的是以掠夺农业和农民的利益来发展工业的农业挤压政策,依靠农业资金、要素的积累来为工业的发展提供支持,致使农业发展水平大大低于工业和其他产业。当前我国正处于工业化中期,同时具备了大规模工业反哺农业的宏观经济环境和条件,理应实施工业反哺农业的政策。工业反哺农业,是我国目前政治经济生活的重要内容,是“三农”政策的核心,是我国当前理论界和实际工作部门关注的重点。
纵观国内外主要研究成果,学者们对工业反哺农业的研究主要存在以下问题尚待探索：(1)对我国是否已进入大规模工业反哺农业阶段,学术界存在两种截然不同的结论；(2)对于反哺主体、反哺客体、反哺需求、反哺对象及边界问题,学术界的研究结论还不是很明确,导致反哺工作一把抓,没有针对性；(3)对于反哺路径和方式,需要进一步挖掘反哺主体的权责、反哺客体的需求,并结合国际经验和我国具体反哺供给条件,探索出行之有效的反哺路径。
为此,本研究以相关的经济学理论为基础,通过对工业反哺农业的必然性、阶段性以及反哺主体、客体、对象、需求和反哺边界的分析论证,并借国外反哺经验的它山之石,攻得我国反哺路径之玉,探讨我国工业反哺农业的制度创新和路径选择。具体分为五大章节：
第一章：绪论。介绍研究的背景及意义、研究目标、国内外研究现状及切入点、研究路线及主要内容、研究方法和研究的创新点。
第二章：工业反哺农业的理论基础研究。本章运用发展经济学理论、公共经济学理论和产业经济学理论对工业反哺农业进行理论分析。
第三章：工业反哺农业的必然性、阶段性分析。本章从客观经济规律、社会分工理论、马斯洛需要层次理论和我国特殊国情出发,分析工业反哺农业的必然性；并依据钱纳里和塞尔昆等设计的标准国家模式,确定我国工业反哺农业的转折期和大规模反哺期。
第四章：美、日工业反哺农业的路径选择及启示。通过分析评价美国和日本工业反哺农业的政策和路径选择,借鉴其反哺转折期和大规模反哺期的经验。
第五章：我国反哺对象、边界的界定。本章通过对我国目前宏观经济环境的分析,界定了我国工业反哺农业的行为主体、客体以及反哺边界。
第六章：我国工业反哺农业的路径创新。结合第四章的国际经验和第五章的反哺边界,从理论分析和国际实践视角探讨出我国工业反哺农业的路径选择。
综上所述,本选题在探讨工业反哺农业的制度创新和路径选择方面提出了一些新的视角,对于实现工农、城乡的统筹、协调发展及整个国民经济的快速、持续和协调发展有着借鉴和指导意义。
Due to economic evolution general disciplinarian, it is an impassible historical stage to return nurturing to agriculture when industrial process reaches somehow moment. Human society must improve weakening agriculture in the pursuit of efficiency by the police of analyze agriculture returning nurtured by industry. Many developed countries, which have had series of policies about agriculture returning nurtured by industry, can provide very good examples.
For a long term, China had always sacrificed agriculture for industry evolution when encountered relationship between industry and agriculture issue, rely on accumulating fund of agriculture to afford industrial evolution. As a result, the level of agricultural development is much lower than the one of industry and other industries. At present, our country is in the industrialization intermediate stage, meanwhile possesses macro-economic environment and ability for agriculture returning nurtured by industry, and should implement policy of agriculture returning nurtured by industry. Agriculture returning nurtured by industry, is an important content of Chinese current political and economic life, and is the core of "rural, farmers and agriculture" policy, and in addition, is the focus of current theory and actual work department.
Looking at the major research achievements at home and abroad, scholastic research on agriculture returning nurtured by industry mainly remains the following problems:(1)There are two distinct conclusions of the academic community whether China has entered into the large-scale stage of agriculture returning nurtured by industry; (2)The academic concludes on the back-feeding subject, object, requirements and border are not so clear that back-feeding work is no specific; (3)To explore effective back-feeding path by further tapping the powers and responsibilities of back-feeding subject and requirements of back-feeding object, interrelated link with international experience and supply conditions of back-feeding.
Therefore, this paper analyzes the necessity, stage, back-feeding subject, back-feeding object, back-feeding needs and border of China agriculture returning nurtured by industry from macro-economic theories, also makes suggestion to institutional innovation and path selection, interrelated link with international experience. It possesses six chapters.
Chapter one is introduction, introduce background, research target, research significance, research status inside and outside China, research methodology, this paper's structure system and innovation points.
Chapter two is analysis for basis theory. Analyze agriculture returning nurtured by industry by development economics theory, public economic theory and industrial economics theory.
Chapter three is analysis for necessity and stage of agriculture returning nurtured by industry. This chapter carries on the analysis of theory and realistic meaning on the certainty of agriculture returning nurtured by industry, combining the national conditions of our country and using the objective economic laws, social division of labor theory and Maslow's hierarchy of needs. The chapter determines the Chinese turning point and large-scale period of agriculture returning nurtured by industry according to standard state model designed by Chenery and Syrquin.
Chapter four is international experience and enlightenment of agriculture returning nurtured by industry. Benefit from the nurturing experience by analyzing the policy and path choice of agriculture returning nurtured by industry like America and Japan.
Chapter five is the definition of back-feeding object and boundary. The chapter determines the back-feeding subject, object and border by analyzing current macro-economic environment.
Chapter six is path choice of Chinese agriculture returning nurtured by industry. The Chapter explored path choice of Chinese agriculture returning nurtured by industry from the perspective of theory and international practice, interrelated link with chapter four and chapter five.
In summary, the paper puts forward some new perspectives in the term of discussing institutional innovation and path choice of agriculture returning nurtured by industry. It has a reference and guide to achieving coordinated development between industry and agriculture, city and countryside, to promoting the rapid, sustained and coordinated development of national economy.
我国在处理工、农业发展关系的问题上长期采取的是以掠夺农业和农民的利益来发展工业的农业挤压政策,依靠农业资金、要素的积累来为工业的发展提供支持,致使农业发展水平大大低于工业和其他产业。当前我国正处于工业化中期,同时具备了大规模工业反哺农业的宏观经济环境和条件,理应实施工业反哺农业的政策。工业反哺农业,是我国目前政治经济生活的重要内容,是“三农”政策的核心,是我国当前理论界和实际工作部门关注的重点。
纵观国内外主要研究成果,学者们对工业反哺农业的研究主要存在以下问题尚待探索：(1)对我国是否已进入大规模工业反哺农业阶段,学术界存在两种截然不同的结论；(2)对于反哺主体、反哺客体、反哺需求、反哺对象及边界问题,学术界的研究结论还不是很明确,导致反哺工作一把抓,没有针对性；(3)对于反哺路径和方式,需要进一步挖掘反哺主体的权责、反哺客体的需求,并结合国际经验和我国具体反哺供给条件,探索出行之有效的反哺路径。
为此,本研究以相关的经济学理论为基础,通过对工业反哺农业的必然性、阶段性以及反哺主体、客体、对象、需求和反哺边界的分析论证,并借国外反哺经验的它山之石,攻得我国反哺路径之玉,探讨我国工业反哺农业的制度创新和路径选择。具体分为五大章节：
第一章：绪论。介绍研究的背景及意义、研究目标、国内外研究现状及切入点、研究路线及主要内容、研究方法和研究的创新点。
第二章：工业反哺农业的理论基础研究。本章运用发展经济学理论、公共经济学理论和产业经济学理论对工业反哺农业进行理论分析。
第三章：工业反哺农业的必然性、阶段性分析。本章从客观经济规律、社会分工理论、马斯洛需要层次理论和我国特殊国情出发,分析工业反哺农业的必然性；并依据钱纳里和塞尔昆等设计的标准国家模式,确定我国工业反哺农业的转折期和大规模反哺期。
第四章：美、日工业反哺农业的路径选择及启示。通过分析评价美国和日本工业反哺农业的政策和路径选择,借鉴其反哺转折期和大规模反哺期的经验。
第五章：我国反哺对象、边界的界定。本章通过对我国目前宏观经济环境的分析,界定了我国工业反哺农业的行为主体、客体以及反哺边界。
第六章：我国工业反哺农业的路径创新。结合第四章的国际经验和第五章的反哺边界,从理论分析和国际实践视角探讨出我国工业反哺农业的路径选择。
综上所述,本选题在探讨工业反哺农业的制度创新和路径选择方面提出了一些新的视角,对于实现工农、城乡的统筹、协调发展及整个国民经济的快速、持续和协调发展有着借鉴和指导意义。
Due to economic evolution general disciplinarian, it is an impassible historical stage to return nurturing to agriculture when industrial process reaches somehow moment. Human society must improve weakening agriculture in the pursuit of efficiency by the police of analyze agriculture returning nurtured by industry. Many developed countries, which have had series of policies about agriculture returning nurtured by industry, can provide very good examples.
For a long term, China had always sacrificed agriculture for industry evolution when encountered relationship between industry and agriculture issue, rely on accumulating fund of agriculture to afford industrial evolution. As a result, the level of agricultural development is much lower than the one of industry and other industries. At present, our country is in the industrialization intermediate stage, meanwhile possesses macro-economic environment and ability for agriculture returning nurtured by industry, and should implement policy of agriculture returning nurtured by industry. Agriculture returning nurtured by industry, is an important content of Chinese current political and economic life, and is the core of "rural, farmers and agriculture" policy, and in addition, is the focus of current theory and actual work department.
Looking at the major research achievements at home and abroad, scholastic research on agriculture returning nurtured by industry mainly remains the following problems:(1)There are two distinct conclusions of the academic community whether China has entered into the large-scale stage of agriculture returning nurtured by industry; (2)The academic concludes on the back-feeding subject, object, requirements and border are not so clear that back-feeding work is no specific; (3)To explore effective back-feeding path by further tapping the powers and responsibilities of back-feeding subject and requirements of back-feeding object, interrelated link with international experience and supply conditions of back-feeding.
Therefore, this paper analyzes the necessity, stage, back-feeding subject, back-feeding object, back-feeding needs and border of China agriculture returning nurtured by industry from macro-economic theories, also makes suggestion to institutional innovation and path selection, interrelated link with international experience. It possesses six chapters.
Chapter one is introduction, introduce background, research target, research significance, research status inside and outside China, research methodology, this paper's structure system and innovation points.
Chapter two is analysis for basis theory. Analyze agriculture returning nurtured by industry by development economics theory, public economic theory and industrial economics theory.
Chapter three is analysis for necessity and stage of agriculture returning nurtured by industry. This chapter carries on the analysis of theory and realistic meaning on the certainty of agriculture returning nurtured by industry, combining the national conditions of our country and using the objective economic laws, social division of labor theory and Maslow's hierarchy of needs. The chapter determines the Chinese turning point and large-scale period of agriculture returning nurtured by industry according to standard state model designed by Chenery and Syrquin.
Chapter four is international experience and enlightenment of agriculture returning nurtured by industry. Benefit from the nurturing experience by analyzing the policy and path choice of agriculture returning nurtured by industry like America and Japan.
Chapter five is the definition of back-feeding object and boundary. The chapter determines the back-feeding subject, object and border by analyzing current macro-economic environment.
Chapter six is path choice of Chinese agriculture returning nurtured by industry. The Chapter explored path choice of Chinese agriculture returning nurtured by industry from the perspective of theory and international practice, interrelated link with chapter four and chapter five.
In summary, the paper puts forward some new perspectives in the term of discussing institutional innovation and path choice of agriculture returning nurtured by industry. It has a reference and guide to achieving coordinated development between industry and agriculture, city and countryside, to promoting the rapid, sustained and coordinated development of national economy.
引文
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