暗河式生物质产沼技术的中试研究
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摘要
随着农林业和畜禽养殖业的发展,我国生物质垃圾日益增多造成了严重的环境污染,而能源日益匮乏,影响了经济发展。若将生物质垃圾能源化,这不仅可以减少生物质垃圾对环境的污染,还可以为经济建设提供一定的能源。
本论文提出暗河式生物质垃圾流态化厌氧发酵技术,将厌氧发酵技术和生活污水处理技术结合起来处理垃圾,使垃圾在可减少土地占用的卧式反应器中,在流动过程中完成厌氧发酵反应,从而实现生物质垃圾处理的连续化和动态化。
本论文研究了各因素对垃圾厌氧发酵的影响,并运用四因素三水平正交实验设计的方法,研究了温度为35℃,pH值为6.7~7.25,间歇式搅拌条件下,各因素对垃圾厌氧发酵产沼效率的影响。通过对实验结果分析,得出垃圾厌氧发酵产沼的最佳工艺条件:垃圾粒径0.4mm ,总固体含量10%,C/N比值20,接种物量20%。
最后,在最佳工艺条件下,通过暗河式生物质垃圾流态化厌氧发酵系统进行了中试研究。研究小型暗河式沼气池以猪粪和青草为发酵原料,在适当pH值、总固体含量、垃圾粒径、接种物量和碳氮比的条件下,沼气产量和单位池容产气率与温度之间的关系。该试验为暗河式生物质垃圾流态化厌氧发酵技术在工程上实现提供了更进一步的技术支持,为实现垃圾处理和生活污水处理的一体化提供了进一步的理论基础。
采用暗河式生物质垃圾流态化厌氧发酵技术处理生物质垃圾有利于降低生物质垃圾处理成本,实现生物质垃圾厌氧产沼连续化、自动化和工业化,对于生物质垃圾能源化处理具有重大意义和广阔的应用前景。
With the development of agriculture and breed aquatics domestic animals , the biomass wastes is rapidly increasing in China and severity pollute the environment while the energy sources is quickly decreasing. By the way of energy recovery of biomass wastes, not only can we reduce influence of biomass wastes on the environment, but also save and create energy sources.
In this paper, the author researches a novel pathway–“UR”anaerobic digestion technology of fluidized biomass wastes, which combines the anaerobic digestion and sewerage disposal - to dispose biomass wastes in the process of flow, anaerobic digestion was completed and continuity and dynamic of biomass wastes disposal were realized.
The effects of many factors on the anaerobic digestion from municipal solid waste are studied. Furthermore, as the condition of proper PH value and agitation, the effects of particle diameter, total solid (TS), C/N and inoculation amount on the anaerobic digestion from municipal solid waste are researched by the L9(34) orthogonal design experiment .
The optimum technology of anaerobic digestion is found out by orthogonal test analysis with the value: particle diameter 0.4 mm , TS 10% , C/N 20, inoculation amount 20%. Finally, through middling-scale test under the condition of the optimum technology of anaerobic digestion. The study regarded pig excrement and green grass as fermented raw materials, under the condition of proper pH value , total solid content, particle diameter , inoculation amount and C/N to find out the relationship between the methane yield and temperature and methane generation rate . This makes it possible that UR anaerobic digestion technology of fluidized biomass wastes is realized in engineering.
Biomass wastes disposal by“UR”anaerobic digestion technology of fluidized biomass wastes is beneficial to realized continuity, automation and industrialization. Furthermore, the technology with wide applied perspective is of great significance for energy recovery of biomass wastes.
本论文提出暗河式生物质垃圾流态化厌氧发酵技术,将厌氧发酵技术和生活污水处理技术结合起来处理垃圾,使垃圾在可减少土地占用的卧式反应器中,在流动过程中完成厌氧发酵反应,从而实现生物质垃圾处理的连续化和动态化。
本论文研究了各因素对垃圾厌氧发酵的影响,并运用四因素三水平正交实验设计的方法,研究了温度为35℃,pH值为6.7~7.25,间歇式搅拌条件下,各因素对垃圾厌氧发酵产沼效率的影响。通过对实验结果分析,得出垃圾厌氧发酵产沼的最佳工艺条件:垃圾粒径0.4mm ,总固体含量10%,C/N比值20,接种物量20%。
最后,在最佳工艺条件下,通过暗河式生物质垃圾流态化厌氧发酵系统进行了中试研究。研究小型暗河式沼气池以猪粪和青草为发酵原料,在适当pH值、总固体含量、垃圾粒径、接种物量和碳氮比的条件下,沼气产量和单位池容产气率与温度之间的关系。该试验为暗河式生物质垃圾流态化厌氧发酵技术在工程上实现提供了更进一步的技术支持,为实现垃圾处理和生活污水处理的一体化提供了进一步的理论基础。
采用暗河式生物质垃圾流态化厌氧发酵技术处理生物质垃圾有利于降低生物质垃圾处理成本,实现生物质垃圾厌氧产沼连续化、自动化和工业化,对于生物质垃圾能源化处理具有重大意义和广阔的应用前景。
With the development of agriculture and breed aquatics domestic animals , the biomass wastes is rapidly increasing in China and severity pollute the environment while the energy sources is quickly decreasing. By the way of energy recovery of biomass wastes, not only can we reduce influence of biomass wastes on the environment, but also save and create energy sources.
In this paper, the author researches a novel pathway–“UR”anaerobic digestion technology of fluidized biomass wastes, which combines the anaerobic digestion and sewerage disposal - to dispose biomass wastes in the process of flow, anaerobic digestion was completed and continuity and dynamic of biomass wastes disposal were realized.
The effects of many factors on the anaerobic digestion from municipal solid waste are studied. Furthermore, as the condition of proper PH value and agitation, the effects of particle diameter, total solid (TS), C/N and inoculation amount on the anaerobic digestion from municipal solid waste are researched by the L9(34) orthogonal design experiment .
The optimum technology of anaerobic digestion is found out by orthogonal test analysis with the value: particle diameter 0.4 mm , TS 10% , C/N 20, inoculation amount 20%. Finally, through middling-scale test under the condition of the optimum technology of anaerobic digestion. The study regarded pig excrement and green grass as fermented raw materials, under the condition of proper pH value , total solid content, particle diameter , inoculation amount and C/N to find out the relationship between the methane yield and temperature and methane generation rate . This makes it possible that UR anaerobic digestion technology of fluidized biomass wastes is realized in engineering.
Biomass wastes disposal by“UR”anaerobic digestion technology of fluidized biomass wastes is beneficial to realized continuity, automation and industrialization. Furthermore, the technology with wide applied perspective is of great significance for energy recovery of biomass wastes.
引文
[1] 卞有生.生态农业中废弃物的处理与再生利用〔M〕.北京:化学工业出版社,2000,第一版:208-226
[2] 万仁新.生物质能工程〔M〕.北京:中国农业出版社,1995,第一版:11-43
[3] 黄素逸.能源科学导论(M〕.北京:中国电力出版社,1999,第一版:241-244
[4] 吴相淦.农村能源(M).北京:农业出版社,1988,第一版:130-165
[5] Ma S,Yan J. Ecological engineering for treatment and utilization of wastewater. In: Mitsch WJ, Jorgensen SE. Ecological engineering. Welley, New York, 1 989, 1 85- 2 1 8
[6] Freemann, Biotreatment –Waste to Energy. London, 1991, 29-31
[7] Saint-Joly C.The VALOGRA Process for Treatment of Household Waste. ISWA YearBook, 1993, 58-61
[8] Kramer S. North Zealand Biogas Plant. ISWA Year Book, 1994, 73-77
[9] Kayhanian M. Innovative Two Stage Process for the Recovery of Energy and Compost from MSW. Water Science and Technology. 1992. 27(2): 133-143
[10] Jukka A. Rintala, Full-scale MesopHilic Anaerobic Co-digestion of Municipal Solid Waste And Sewage Sludge: Methane Production Characteristics. Waste Manage &Research, 1996, 14(2): 163~170
[11] 中国农业部/美国能源部.中国生物质能技术商业化策略设计(M).北京:中国环境科学出版社,1999,第一版:4-8,14-17
[12] 伍义泽.沼气技术应用研究〔M〕.成都:四川科学技术出版社,1988,第一版:113-135
[13] 刘英等.德国沼气技术考察报告(J〕.中国沼气,2001,19(4):41-43
[14] 王家俊等.俄罗斯沼气技术发展动向(J〕.中国沼气,1998,16(1):49-50
[15] 戴林等.中国生物质能转换技术发展与评价(M).北京:中国环境科学出版社,1998,第一版:l-20
[16] 熊承永.我国沼气近期科研情况和发展趋势(J).中国沼气,1998,16(4):45-48
[17] 吴相淦.农村能源[M].北京:农业出版社,1988,第一版:130~165
[18] 蔺金印等.实用农村能源手册[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1989,第一版:81~94
[19] 聂永丰.三废处理工程技术手册(固体废弃物卷)[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2000,第一版:251~286
[20] 陈声明等.生物质能源概论[M].杭州:浙江科学技术出版社,1993,第一版:112~172
[21] 鲁楠.新能源概论[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1997,第一版:173~189
[22] 孙国朝,邵廷杰,郭学敏.沼气干发酵工艺必须的条件: 沼气新技术应用研究. 成都:四川科学技术出版社. 1988: 47~58.
[23] 中国农业部/美国能源部.中国生物质能技术商业化策略设计[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1999,第一版:4~8. 14~17
[24] 伍义泽,沼气技术应用研究[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社,1988,第一版:113~135
[25] Pfeffer J. T. Temperature Effects on Anaerobic Fermentation of Domestic Refuse. Biotech and Bioeng: 1994, 16:77
[26] Pfeffer J. T. Reclamation of Energy from Organic Refuse. Cincinnati: U. S. EPA, 1994
[27] Nunziato J W. A multipHase mixture theory for fluid-particle flows, Theory of dispersed multipHase flow. Academic Press Inc., 1983.191-226
[28] Mctigue D F, Givler R C, Nunziato J W. Rheological effects of nonuniform particle distributions in dilute suspensions. Inc. J. Rheology, 1986. 30(1): 1053-1076
[29] 彭景勋.小康型沼气池[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1997,第一版:9~29, 166~177
[30] 许义忠,黎方强,姚爱莉,熊承永 . 关于农村沼气发酵技术的几个问题. 中国沼气 1983年第一集 . 科学技术文献出版社重庆分社: 52~58
[31] Ghosh S, Buoy K, Dressell L, et al. Pilot- and Full-scall two-pHase anaerobic digestion of municipal slurge. Water Environment Research, 1995, 67(2): 206-214
[32] Zhang Ruihong, Zhang Zhiqin. Biogasification of rice straw with an anaerobic-pHased solids digester system. Bioresource Technology.1999, 68:235~245
[33] Palmowski L M, Muller J A. Influence of the size reduction of organic waste on their Anaerobic digestion. Water Sci Tech, 2000, 41(3):155~162
[34] 安恒军,和得昌,马峰鹰,祁占勇 . 北方农村沼气管理技术 . 可再生能源2003.6 (112): 53~54
[35] 何斌贤. 沼气发酵新工艺的初步探讨.沼气科技. 1981, (2): 11~14
[36] 王天光等.沼气发酵接种物的选择对产气率的影响,中国沼气,1984, (4): 15~16
[37] 王光辉. 农村沼气发酵原料碳氮比的配制. 中国沼气.1992,(1):28
[38] 王中民主编. 城市垃圾处理与处置. 北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1991
[39] Zhang Ruihong, Zhang Zhiqin. Biogasification of rice straw with an anaerobic-pHased solids digester system. Bioresource Technology.1999, 68:235~245
[40] Palmowski L M, Muller J A. Influence of the size reduction of organic waste on their Anaerobic digestion. Water Sci Tech, 2000, 41(3):155~162
[41] 孙国朝,邵廷杰,郭学敏.沼气干发酵工艺必须的条件: 沼气新技术应用研究. 成都:四川科学技术出版社, 1988. 47-58.
[42] 国科学院成都生物研究所编著. 沼气新技术应用研究. 四川:四川科学技术出版社,1988
[43] The Probability and Statistic Group of Mathematics Speciality of Mathematics Mechanics Department in Beijing University. Orthogonal Design. Beijing: Peoples Education Publishing Company, 1996
[44] 幽景元,肖波,杨家宽.生活垃圾厌氧发酵条件的正交实验.新能源及工艺.:2003,(2):28-30
[45] 吴创之、马隆龙,生物质能现代化利用技术。北京:化学工业出版社,2003.5
[46] 沈瑞芝. 沼气发酵残留物的综合利用.中国沼气十年1980-1990. 北京:中国科学技术出版社,1990.10: 45~49
[47] 陈妙华. 农业生态与沼气的多功能综合利用. 广西师院学报(自然科学版) . 1996,6(13):1~2
[48] 陈安民. 论生态农业与农村办沼气. 中国生态农业. 北京:中国展望出版社,1988: 255-257
[2] 万仁新.生物质能工程〔M〕.北京:中国农业出版社,1995,第一版:11-43
[3] 黄素逸.能源科学导论(M〕.北京:中国电力出版社,1999,第一版:241-244
[4] 吴相淦.农村能源(M).北京:农业出版社,1988,第一版:130-165
[5] Ma S,Yan J. Ecological engineering for treatment and utilization of wastewater. In: Mitsch WJ, Jorgensen SE. Ecological engineering. Welley, New York, 1 989, 1 85- 2 1 8
[6] Freemann, Biotreatment –Waste to Energy. London, 1991, 29-31
[7] Saint-Joly C.The VALOGRA Process for Treatment of Household Waste. ISWA YearBook, 1993, 58-61
[8] Kramer S. North Zealand Biogas Plant. ISWA Year Book, 1994, 73-77
[9] Kayhanian M. Innovative Two Stage Process for the Recovery of Energy and Compost from MSW. Water Science and Technology. 1992. 27(2): 133-143
[10] Jukka A. Rintala, Full-scale MesopHilic Anaerobic Co-digestion of Municipal Solid Waste And Sewage Sludge: Methane Production Characteristics. Waste Manage &Research, 1996, 14(2): 163~170
[11] 中国农业部/美国能源部.中国生物质能技术商业化策略设计(M).北京:中国环境科学出版社,1999,第一版:4-8,14-17
[12] 伍义泽.沼气技术应用研究〔M〕.成都:四川科学技术出版社,1988,第一版:113-135
[13] 刘英等.德国沼气技术考察报告(J〕.中国沼气,2001,19(4):41-43
[14] 王家俊等.俄罗斯沼气技术发展动向(J〕.中国沼气,1998,16(1):49-50
[15] 戴林等.中国生物质能转换技术发展与评价(M).北京:中国环境科学出版社,1998,第一版:l-20
[16] 熊承永.我国沼气近期科研情况和发展趋势(J).中国沼气,1998,16(4):45-48
[17] 吴相淦.农村能源[M].北京:农业出版社,1988,第一版:130~165
[18] 蔺金印等.实用农村能源手册[M].北京:化学工业出版社,1989,第一版:81~94
[19] 聂永丰.三废处理工程技术手册(固体废弃物卷)[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2000,第一版:251~286
[20] 陈声明等.生物质能源概论[M].杭州:浙江科学技术出版社,1993,第一版:112~172
[21] 鲁楠.新能源概论[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1997,第一版:173~189
[22] 孙国朝,邵廷杰,郭学敏.沼气干发酵工艺必须的条件: 沼气新技术应用研究. 成都:四川科学技术出版社. 1988: 47~58.
[23] 中国农业部/美国能源部.中国生物质能技术商业化策略设计[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1999,第一版:4~8. 14~17
[24] 伍义泽,沼气技术应用研究[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社,1988,第一版:113~135
[25] Pfeffer J. T. Temperature Effects on Anaerobic Fermentation of Domestic Refuse. Biotech and Bioeng: 1994, 16:77
[26] Pfeffer J. T. Reclamation of Energy from Organic Refuse. Cincinnati: U. S. EPA, 1994
[27] Nunziato J W. A multipHase mixture theory for fluid-particle flows, Theory of dispersed multipHase flow. Academic Press Inc., 1983.191-226
[28] Mctigue D F, Givler R C, Nunziato J W. Rheological effects of nonuniform particle distributions in dilute suspensions. Inc. J. Rheology, 1986. 30(1): 1053-1076
[29] 彭景勋.小康型沼气池[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1997,第一版:9~29, 166~177
[30] 许义忠,黎方强,姚爱莉,熊承永 . 关于农村沼气发酵技术的几个问题. 中国沼气 1983年第一集 . 科学技术文献出版社重庆分社: 52~58
[31] Ghosh S, Buoy K, Dressell L, et al. Pilot- and Full-scall two-pHase anaerobic digestion of municipal slurge. Water Environment Research, 1995, 67(2): 206-214
[32] Zhang Ruihong, Zhang Zhiqin. Biogasification of rice straw with an anaerobic-pHased solids digester system. Bioresource Technology.1999, 68:235~245
[33] Palmowski L M, Muller J A. Influence of the size reduction of organic waste on their Anaerobic digestion. Water Sci Tech, 2000, 41(3):155~162
[34] 安恒军,和得昌,马峰鹰,祁占勇 . 北方农村沼气管理技术 . 可再生能源2003.6 (112): 53~54
[35] 何斌贤. 沼气发酵新工艺的初步探讨.沼气科技. 1981, (2): 11~14
[36] 王天光等.沼气发酵接种物的选择对产气率的影响,中国沼气,1984, (4): 15~16
[37] 王光辉. 农村沼气发酵原料碳氮比的配制. 中国沼气.1992,(1):28
[38] 王中民主编. 城市垃圾处理与处置. 北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1991
[39] Zhang Ruihong, Zhang Zhiqin. Biogasification of rice straw with an anaerobic-pHased solids digester system. Bioresource Technology.1999, 68:235~245
[40] Palmowski L M, Muller J A. Influence of the size reduction of organic waste on their Anaerobic digestion. Water Sci Tech, 2000, 41(3):155~162
[41] 孙国朝,邵廷杰,郭学敏.沼气干发酵工艺必须的条件: 沼气新技术应用研究. 成都:四川科学技术出版社, 1988. 47-58.
[42] 国科学院成都生物研究所编著. 沼气新技术应用研究. 四川:四川科学技术出版社,1988
[43] The Probability and Statistic Group of Mathematics Speciality of Mathematics Mechanics Department in Beijing University. Orthogonal Design. Beijing: Peoples Education Publishing Company, 1996
[44] 幽景元,肖波,杨家宽.生活垃圾厌氧发酵条件的正交实验.新能源及工艺.:2003,(2):28-30
[45] 吴创之、马隆龙,生物质能现代化利用技术。北京:化学工业出版社,2003.5
[46] 沈瑞芝. 沼气发酵残留物的综合利用.中国沼气十年1980-1990. 北京:中国科学技术出版社,1990.10: 45~49
[47] 陈妙华. 农业生态与沼气的多功能综合利用. 广西师院学报(自然科学版) . 1996,6(13):1~2
[48] 陈安民. 论生态农业与农村办沼气. 中国生态农业. 北京:中国展望出版社,1988: 255-257