论不真正连带债务制度
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摘要
本文是由一起普通交通事故引发的,一位受害人因偶然的交通事故产生二种不同法律关系的赔偿请求权,一个是基于劳动关系而产生的损害赔偿请求权,另一个因交通事故侵权而产生的损害赔偿请求权,而该二种请求权在我国法律理论界被称之为不真正连带债务,虽然我国理论界对此有诸多研究,但是在我国的法律制度上关于不真正连带债务制度规定较少,仅仅是零星散落在我国相关法律和司法解释中,但是随着社会生活的日益变化,社会法律关系日趋复杂,不真正连带债务制度渐渐引起人们的注意。但是我国目前仅有对不真正连带债务少量规定,而无统一的原则性和司法适用上的规定,已经无法满足社会生活的需要,导致司法实践过程中各地法官对不真正连带债务制度理解和适用上的不一致,致使很多受害人都无法充分保障自己的合法权益,造成了司法实践中的混乱。因此本文将通过一起普通的交通事故来对不真正连带债务的概念、构成、效力、及国内外相关法律的比较,对不真正连带债务进行全面的分析研究,为进一步完善我国不真正连带债务在理论和司法实践提供参考。全文共分为五部分:
第一部分,据以研究的案例。本文将通过真实案例,介绍案例基本案情、案件处理结果,从而提出本文的研究方向。
第二部分,不真正连带债务的概念、构成要件和效力。该部分通过对不真正连带债务理论上的分析研究,让我们对不真正连带债务有更全面、深刻的了解。
第三部分,不真正连带制度的比较法考察。通过对其他国家或地区的不真正连带债务制度与我国不真正连带债务制度的比较分析,进一步研究不真正连带制度的现状。
第四部分,我国不真正连带债务制度的完善。针对我国不真正连带制度的不足之处,提出自己的意见和建议来完善我国的不真正连带债务制度,期待对我国的立法和司法实践有所帮助。
The paper is caused by an ordinary accident, and a victim obtains two different legal-relationship damages’claim rights due to the traffic accident: One is produced by the labor relationship; The other is caused by traffic accident tort. However, the two legal rights are called the unreal joint and several liabilities in theoretical field. Although there are many studies on unreal joint and several liabilities, the provisions about the unreal joint and several liabilities are few, which just patch in the related laws and judicial interpretations. But as the social life changes and the social legal relationships become more and more complicate, the system of unreal joint and several liabilities attracts people’s attentions. Nevertheless, there have only a small amount of provisions on the unreal joint and several liabilities in China, and without uniform principle rules and judicial application rules, it can’t meet the needs of social life, then as a result, the judges in different places have inconsistent understandings and applications of unreal joint and several liability system in the judicial practice, so that lots of victims can’t fully protect their own legitimate rights and interests, which have resulted in the confusion of judicial practice at last. So the paper analyzes and studies the unreal joint and several liabilities with an ordinary traffic accident in all aspects ----its concept、composition、effects and a comparison between related domestic and international rules, in order to provide references for further improving the unreal joint and several liabilities system and the judicial practice. The paper is divided into four parts:
The first part, is about the case for the study. It introduces basic facts and the result of the case to make sure the research direction of the paper by a real-world case.
The second part, is about the concept、constituent elements and effects of the unreal joint and several liabilities. With the analysis and study of the theory of unreal joint and several liabilities, this part makes us understand the unreal joint and several liabilities more comprehensively and profoundly.
The third part , is about a comparison of related domestic and international rules about the unreal joint and several liability system. By the comparative analysis of unreal joint and several liabilities systems between other countries and districts and China, it further researches the current situation of the unreal joint and several liabilities system.
The fourth part, is about the improvement of the unreal joint and several liabilities system in China. In view of the disadvantages of the unreal joint and several liabilities system, the author raises comments and suggestions to improve the unreal joint and several liabilities system, looking forward to help the legislation and judicial practice.
第一部分,据以研究的案例。本文将通过真实案例,介绍案例基本案情、案件处理结果,从而提出本文的研究方向。
第二部分,不真正连带债务的概念、构成要件和效力。该部分通过对不真正连带债务理论上的分析研究,让我们对不真正连带债务有更全面、深刻的了解。
第三部分,不真正连带制度的比较法考察。通过对其他国家或地区的不真正连带债务制度与我国不真正连带债务制度的比较分析,进一步研究不真正连带制度的现状。
第四部分,我国不真正连带债务制度的完善。针对我国不真正连带制度的不足之处,提出自己的意见和建议来完善我国的不真正连带债务制度,期待对我国的立法和司法实践有所帮助。
The paper is caused by an ordinary accident, and a victim obtains two different legal-relationship damages’claim rights due to the traffic accident: One is produced by the labor relationship; The other is caused by traffic accident tort. However, the two legal rights are called the unreal joint and several liabilities in theoretical field. Although there are many studies on unreal joint and several liabilities, the provisions about the unreal joint and several liabilities are few, which just patch in the related laws and judicial interpretations. But as the social life changes and the social legal relationships become more and more complicate, the system of unreal joint and several liabilities attracts people’s attentions. Nevertheless, there have only a small amount of provisions on the unreal joint and several liabilities in China, and without uniform principle rules and judicial application rules, it can’t meet the needs of social life, then as a result, the judges in different places have inconsistent understandings and applications of unreal joint and several liability system in the judicial practice, so that lots of victims can’t fully protect their own legitimate rights and interests, which have resulted in the confusion of judicial practice at last. So the paper analyzes and studies the unreal joint and several liabilities with an ordinary traffic accident in all aspects ----its concept、composition、effects and a comparison between related domestic and international rules, in order to provide references for further improving the unreal joint and several liabilities system and the judicial practice. The paper is divided into four parts:
The first part, is about the case for the study. It introduces basic facts and the result of the case to make sure the research direction of the paper by a real-world case.
The second part, is about the concept、constituent elements and effects of the unreal joint and several liabilities. With the analysis and study of the theory of unreal joint and several liabilities, this part makes us understand the unreal joint and several liabilities more comprehensively and profoundly.
The third part , is about a comparison of related domestic and international rules about the unreal joint and several liability system. By the comparative analysis of unreal joint and several liabilities systems between other countries and districts and China, it further researches the current situation of the unreal joint and several liabilities system.
The fourth part, is about the improvement of the unreal joint and several liabilities system in China. In view of the disadvantages of the unreal joint and several liabilities system, the author raises comments and suggestions to improve the unreal joint and several liabilities system, looking forward to help the legislation and judicial practice.
引文
1史尚宽:《债法总论》,北京,中国政法大学出版社,2000年1月1版,第673页。
2张广兴:《债法总论》,北京,法律出版社,1997年1月第1版,第155页。
3刘春堂:《民商法论集》(第二辑),台北,台湾三民书店,1990年第1版,125页。
4郑玉波著,陈荣隆修订:《民法债编总论》,北京,中国政法大学出版社,2004年3月修订2版,第425页。
5邱聪智:《民法债编总则》,台北,台湾三民书店,1991年第1版,第432页。
6杨立新:《债法总则研究》,北京,中国人民大学出版社,2006年第1版,第209页。
7孔祥俊:《民商法新问题与判例研究》,北京,人民法院出版社,1996年第1版第134页。
8王利明:《违约责任论》,北京,中国政法大学出版社,2003年1月修订版,第761页。
9温汶科:《论不真正连带债务》,载郑玉波主编:《民法债编论文选辑(中)》,台湾,台湾五南图书出版公司,1983年第1版,第878页。
10 http://baike.baidu.com/view/21570.htm
11陈猷龙:《民法债编总论》,五南图书出版公司,2003年9月三版一刷,第284页。
12王利明:《侵权行为发归责原则研究》,中国政法大学出版1992版,第305页。
13郑玉波、陈荣隆修订:《民法债编总论》,中国政法大学出版社2004版3月修订2版,第389页。
14郑玉波、陈荣隆修订:《民法债编总论》,中国政法大学出版社2004版3月修订2版,第208页。
15刘春堂:《民商法论集》第二辑,台北,台湾三民书局出版社,1990年版,第126页。
16於保不二雄:《日本民法债权总论》,台北,五南图书出版社公司,1998年版2月初版,第211页。
17郑玉波:民法债编论文选辑(中),台北,五南图书出版社公司,1983年版,第877页-878页。
18段厚省:《请求权竞合与诉讼标的研究》,吉林,吉林人民出版社,2004年版,第53页。
[1]史尚宽:《债法总论》,中国政法大学出版社,2000年1月版。
[2]张广兴:《债法总论》,法律出版社,1997年版。
[3]郑玉波,陈荣隆修订:《民法债编总论》,中国政法大学出版社2004年版。
[4]刘春堂:《民商法论集》(第二辑),台湾三民书店, 1990年版。
[5]邱聪智:《民法债编总则》,台湾三民书店,1991年版。
[6]杨立新:《债法总则研究》,中国人民大学出版社,2006年版。
[7]孔祥俊:《民商法新问题与判例研究》,人民法院出版社,1996年版。
[8]温汶科:《论不真正连带债务》,台湾五南图书出版社,1983年版。
[9]王利明:《违约责任论》,中国政法大学出版社,2003年版。
[10]陈猷龙:《民法债编总论》,五南图书出版公司,2003年版。
[11]王利明:《侵权行为法归责原则研究》,中国政法大学出版,1992年版。
[12]段厚省:《请求权竞合与诉讼标的研究》,吉林人民出版社,2004年版。
[13]於保不二雄:《日本民法债权总论》,五南图书出版社公司,1998年版。
[1]刘俊芳:“构建我国不真正连带债务制度的立法思考”,载《中共云南省委党校学报》2009年第4期。
[2]池涛:“不真正连带债务理论及司法适用”,载《连云港职业技术学院学报》2010年第1期。
[3]潘乐平:“浅析侵权责任法中不真正连带责任”,《法制与社会》(社会科学版),2010年第4期。
[4]宋正峰:“浅析雇主的不真正连带责任”,《法制与社会》,2007年第12期。
[5]李新:“数人侵权形态划分及责任承担标准的法律探析”,《法学杂志》,2010年第1期。
[6]杨留强、张云鹏:“试论不真正连带责任的完善”,《河南机电高等专科学校学报》,2010年第5期。
[7]程金洪:“一个尚未解决的问题”,《广西政法管理干部学院学报》,2010年5期。
2张广兴:《债法总论》,北京,法律出版社,1997年1月第1版,第155页。
3刘春堂:《民商法论集》(第二辑),台北,台湾三民书店,1990年第1版,125页。
4郑玉波著,陈荣隆修订:《民法债编总论》,北京,中国政法大学出版社,2004年3月修订2版,第425页。
5邱聪智:《民法债编总则》,台北,台湾三民书店,1991年第1版,第432页。
6杨立新:《债法总则研究》,北京,中国人民大学出版社,2006年第1版,第209页。
7孔祥俊:《民商法新问题与判例研究》,北京,人民法院出版社,1996年第1版第134页。
8王利明:《违约责任论》,北京,中国政法大学出版社,2003年1月修订版,第761页。
9温汶科:《论不真正连带债务》,载郑玉波主编:《民法债编论文选辑(中)》,台湾,台湾五南图书出版公司,1983年第1版,第878页。
10 http://baike.baidu.com/view/21570.htm
11陈猷龙:《民法债编总论》,五南图书出版公司,2003年9月三版一刷,第284页。
12王利明:《侵权行为发归责原则研究》,中国政法大学出版1992版,第305页。
13郑玉波、陈荣隆修订:《民法债编总论》,中国政法大学出版社2004版3月修订2版,第389页。
14郑玉波、陈荣隆修订:《民法债编总论》,中国政法大学出版社2004版3月修订2版,第208页。
15刘春堂:《民商法论集》第二辑,台北,台湾三民书局出版社,1990年版,第126页。
16於保不二雄:《日本民法债权总论》,台北,五南图书出版社公司,1998年版2月初版,第211页。
17郑玉波:民法债编论文选辑(中),台北,五南图书出版社公司,1983年版,第877页-878页。
18段厚省:《请求权竞合与诉讼标的研究》,吉林,吉林人民出版社,2004年版,第53页。
[1]史尚宽:《债法总论》,中国政法大学出版社,2000年1月版。
[2]张广兴:《债法总论》,法律出版社,1997年版。
[3]郑玉波,陈荣隆修订:《民法债编总论》,中国政法大学出版社2004年版。
[4]刘春堂:《民商法论集》(第二辑),台湾三民书店, 1990年版。
[5]邱聪智:《民法债编总则》,台湾三民书店,1991年版。
[6]杨立新:《债法总则研究》,中国人民大学出版社,2006年版。
[7]孔祥俊:《民商法新问题与判例研究》,人民法院出版社,1996年版。
[8]温汶科:《论不真正连带债务》,台湾五南图书出版社,1983年版。
[9]王利明:《违约责任论》,中国政法大学出版社,2003年版。
[10]陈猷龙:《民法债编总论》,五南图书出版公司,2003年版。
[11]王利明:《侵权行为法归责原则研究》,中国政法大学出版,1992年版。
[12]段厚省:《请求权竞合与诉讼标的研究》,吉林人民出版社,2004年版。
[13]於保不二雄:《日本民法债权总论》,五南图书出版社公司,1998年版。
[1]刘俊芳:“构建我国不真正连带债务制度的立法思考”,载《中共云南省委党校学报》2009年第4期。
[2]池涛:“不真正连带债务理论及司法适用”,载《连云港职业技术学院学报》2010年第1期。
[3]潘乐平:“浅析侵权责任法中不真正连带责任”,《法制与社会》(社会科学版),2010年第4期。
[4]宋正峰:“浅析雇主的不真正连带责任”,《法制与社会》,2007年第12期。
[5]李新:“数人侵权形态划分及责任承担标准的法律探析”,《法学杂志》,2010年第1期。
[6]杨留强、张云鹏:“试论不真正连带责任的完善”,《河南机电高等专科学校学报》,2010年第5期。
[7]程金洪:“一个尚未解决的问题”,《广西政法管理干部学院学报》,2010年5期。