潍坊市水环境安全防控GIS系统的设计与实现
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摘要
城市社会生活与工业生产、运输中存在着各种发生环境污染突发事件的隐患,环境污染突发事件具有突发性、严重性以及广泛和长期影的响性等特点,环境污染突发事件的爆发,会给社会、经济造成巨大的损失,同时会对人民的安全、健康和社会的稳定造成相当的危害。故此,城市的环境安全事故防控工作具有十分重要的现实意义。所谓城市或区域的环境安全事故防控就是通过采取切实有效的措施来了解各类环境安全事故发生的隐患、预防和控制其发生,提高应对这些环境安全事故的应急处置能力。各级政府环保部门已将有效防控环境安全事故的能力建设作为自己重要且紧迫的工作。
城市环境安全防控体系的建设是一个涉及到制度建设、观念转变和技术集成等方方面面的系统工程建设。从技术角度来讲,城市环境安全防控决策支持系统是城市环境安全防控体系的重要组成部分,该系统包括一个覆盖全城市区域的环境与污染源监测监控系统、基础环境与水气重点污染源信息GIS系统、环境监测与监理标准信息管理系统、重点污染源排放模拟仿真系统、突发事件应急指挥系统、环境信息发布处理与决策支持系统,涉及到计算机软硬件技术、数据采集与网络通信技术、数据库与数据仓库技术、自动控制等理论和技术,是一个多系统集成的软硬件平台。
本文通过对国内外各种类型环境信息化理论和技术成果的研究,以基于互联网的城市环境及污染源自动监测系统为基础,以GIS、无线和有线网络数据通信、数据库系统等作为系统基础支撑平台,设计和开发了一个基于环境与污染源主动监测监控系统、二、三维一体化地理信息系统城市水环境安全防控系统软件平台。该平台软件系统旨在通过实时获取的环境与污染源监测点位的实时监测数据,实现对环境突发事件的常规和预警性监测、报警提示、污染物类别溯源、事故地理位置快速定位和污染扩散缓冲分析等功能。通过环境与污染源的基础信息数据调阅和分析,准确迅速地定位污染源头并计算出污染事故的扩散影响区域范围；求解水污染散模型对环境污染风险源附近、区域境内主要水体进行污染物三维扩散仿真模拟；依据环保部门及政府应急事件处理部门预先设定的环境突发事故处置流程,提供相应的应急预案并对相关人员、车辆、物资进行指挥调度的应急处置等功能。
该系统的部署与实施,为政府环保部门及相关部门防范和有效处置突发事件提供了及时、真实、准确的数据和技术支持,提高了城市水环境安全突发事件的监管水平和处置能力。
There are a variety of sudden environmental pollution incidents in urban social life and industrial production, transportation..Sudden environment pollution incidents have many characteristics,such as sudden outbreaks, severity of consequences, extensive and long-term influence. The outbreak of sudden environmental pollution incidents will cause great loss to society and economic,at the same time,it will also cause horrible damage to people's safety and health,even the social stability.As a result, the prevention work of the environment accident of the city has a very important practical significance. The so-called city or region's prevention work of environment accident is by taking effective measures to aware the hidden dangers of the various types of environmental safety accidents, prevent and control its happening and to improve emergency response capabilities to deal with these environmental safety incidents. Government environmental protection departments at all levels have been take the capacity for building effective prevention and control of environmental safety accidents as important and urgent work.
The building of urban environment security prevention and control system is a process that involves the institution building, the convert of perception, and technology integration. From a technical perspective, the support system for decision of prevention and control of environment security system is an important part of the prevention and control of environment security system, the system is a multi-system integrated hardware and software platform that includes a environment and pollution monitoring and control system that cover the whole city area, basic environment and moisture of significant pollution source information system-GIS, information management system for environmental monitoring and supervision standards, significant sources of pollution emissions simulation system, emergency command system, environmental information processing and decision support systems related to computer hardware and software technology, data acquisition and network communication technology, database and data warehouse technology, automatic control theory and technology.
In this paper, through the study of the theory and technological achievements of the various types of environmental information at home and abroad, using the city environment and pollution source automatic monitoring system that based on Internet as the foundation, with GIS, wireless and wired network data communication, database system and so on as the basic supporting platform system, designed and developed an active monitoring and control system based on environment and pollution sources, and two, three-dimensional integrated geographic information system of urban water environment security prevention and control system software platform. The platform software system is designed to achieve some function, such as, routine and early warning of environment emergency,monitoring, alarm, pollutants Category traceable, rapid positioning the accident location and pollution of diffusion buffer analysis through real-time access to the environment and pollution sources monitoring sites of the real-time monitoring data. Through view and analysis the basic information of the environment and pollution sources, accurately and quickly locate the source of contamination and calculate the proliferation implications of regional pollution incidents; Solving Water Pollution scattered model near the source of exposure to environmental pollution, the territory of the region of the main body of water pollutants3D diffusion simulation; According to environmental emergency incident handling process that pre-set by the environmental protection department and government emergency management departments, to provide appropriate emergency plans and related personnel, vehicles, supplies command and dispatch emergency disposal. Deployment and implementation of the system provide timely, true and accurate data and technical support for the government environmental protection departments and relevant departments to prevent and effectively respond to emergencies.The system also improve the regulatory standards and the ability to deal with urban water environment safety emergencies.
城市环境安全防控体系的建设是一个涉及到制度建设、观念转变和技术集成等方方面面的系统工程建设。从技术角度来讲,城市环境安全防控决策支持系统是城市环境安全防控体系的重要组成部分,该系统包括一个覆盖全城市区域的环境与污染源监测监控系统、基础环境与水气重点污染源信息GIS系统、环境监测与监理标准信息管理系统、重点污染源排放模拟仿真系统、突发事件应急指挥系统、环境信息发布处理与决策支持系统,涉及到计算机软硬件技术、数据采集与网络通信技术、数据库与数据仓库技术、自动控制等理论和技术,是一个多系统集成的软硬件平台。
本文通过对国内外各种类型环境信息化理论和技术成果的研究,以基于互联网的城市环境及污染源自动监测系统为基础,以GIS、无线和有线网络数据通信、数据库系统等作为系统基础支撑平台,设计和开发了一个基于环境与污染源主动监测监控系统、二、三维一体化地理信息系统城市水环境安全防控系统软件平台。该平台软件系统旨在通过实时获取的环境与污染源监测点位的实时监测数据,实现对环境突发事件的常规和预警性监测、报警提示、污染物类别溯源、事故地理位置快速定位和污染扩散缓冲分析等功能。通过环境与污染源的基础信息数据调阅和分析,准确迅速地定位污染源头并计算出污染事故的扩散影响区域范围；求解水污染散模型对环境污染风险源附近、区域境内主要水体进行污染物三维扩散仿真模拟；依据环保部门及政府应急事件处理部门预先设定的环境突发事故处置流程,提供相应的应急预案并对相关人员、车辆、物资进行指挥调度的应急处置等功能。
该系统的部署与实施,为政府环保部门及相关部门防范和有效处置突发事件提供了及时、真实、准确的数据和技术支持,提高了城市水环境安全突发事件的监管水平和处置能力。
There are a variety of sudden environmental pollution incidents in urban social life and industrial production, transportation..Sudden environment pollution incidents have many characteristics,such as sudden outbreaks, severity of consequences, extensive and long-term influence. The outbreak of sudden environmental pollution incidents will cause great loss to society and economic,at the same time,it will also cause horrible damage to people's safety and health,even the social stability.As a result, the prevention work of the environment accident of the city has a very important practical significance. The so-called city or region's prevention work of environment accident is by taking effective measures to aware the hidden dangers of the various types of environmental safety accidents, prevent and control its happening and to improve emergency response capabilities to deal with these environmental safety incidents. Government environmental protection departments at all levels have been take the capacity for building effective prevention and control of environmental safety accidents as important and urgent work.
The building of urban environment security prevention and control system is a process that involves the institution building, the convert of perception, and technology integration. From a technical perspective, the support system for decision of prevention and control of environment security system is an important part of the prevention and control of environment security system, the system is a multi-system integrated hardware and software platform that includes a environment and pollution monitoring and control system that cover the whole city area, basic environment and moisture of significant pollution source information system-GIS, information management system for environmental monitoring and supervision standards, significant sources of pollution emissions simulation system, emergency command system, environmental information processing and decision support systems related to computer hardware and software technology, data acquisition and network communication technology, database and data warehouse technology, automatic control theory and technology.
In this paper, through the study of the theory and technological achievements of the various types of environmental information at home and abroad, using the city environment and pollution source automatic monitoring system that based on Internet as the foundation, with GIS, wireless and wired network data communication, database system and so on as the basic supporting platform system, designed and developed an active monitoring and control system based on environment and pollution sources, and two, three-dimensional integrated geographic information system of urban water environment security prevention and control system software platform. The platform software system is designed to achieve some function, such as, routine and early warning of environment emergency,monitoring, alarm, pollutants Category traceable, rapid positioning the accident location and pollution of diffusion buffer analysis through real-time access to the environment and pollution sources monitoring sites of the real-time monitoring data. Through view and analysis the basic information of the environment and pollution sources, accurately and quickly locate the source of contamination and calculate the proliferation implications of regional pollution incidents; Solving Water Pollution scattered model near the source of exposure to environmental pollution, the territory of the region of the main body of water pollutants3D diffusion simulation; According to environmental emergency incident handling process that pre-set by the environmental protection department and government emergency management departments, to provide appropriate emergency plans and related personnel, vehicles, supplies command and dispatch emergency disposal. Deployment and implementation of the system provide timely, true and accurate data and technical support for the government environmental protection departments and relevant departments to prevent and effectively respond to emergencies.The system also improve the regulatory standards and the ability to deal with urban water environment safety emergencies.
引文
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