ACFs负载TiO_2及其CdS改性复合材料的制备及光催化性能的研究
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摘要
光催化氧化技术在处理气相有机污染物方面表现出优异的性能,但粉体型纳米TiO2在实际应用中存在光谱响应范围窄(光吸收仅局限于紫外光区域)、光量子效率偏低、难于回收等缺点,因此,纳米TiO2固定化和可见光改性成为光催化领域的两个研究热点。将TiO2负载于多孔性载体上,利用吸附和光催化的协同作用可实现有机污染物的快速降解。本文选择孔径分布窄、吸附容量大的活性炭纤维(ACFs)为载体,优化了Ti02/ACFs复合光催化材料的制备方法；选择甲苯和甲醛为模型有机污染物,分别系统考察了Ti02/ACFs对流动态甲苯、甲醛气体的光催化降解性能,并分析了其光催化反应动力学行为。为了改善纳米TiO2对可见光的响应性,采用能带较窄的半导体硫化镉(CdS)对其进行修饰改性,制备了CdS/TiO2复合半导体,将其负载于ACFs上得到CdS/TiO2/ACFs复合光催化材料,在可见光下分别考察了CdS/TiO2和CdS/TiO2/ACFs对亚甲基蓝溶液和甲苯气体的光催化降解性能,并初步探讨了其光催化降解机理及反应动力学过程。针对制药企业废水普遍存在恶臭及异味污染问题,其有机成分主要为挥发性有机物(VOCs),采用TiO2/ACFs复合材料对该类废气进行现场净化研究,旨在对TiO2/ACFs的实际应用效果进行初步评价。论文研究成果如下：
1.兼顾浸渍提拉法工艺简单及粘结法结合牢固的优点,选择性能良好的羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)作为粘结剂,提出制备TiO2/ACFs的新方法—浸渍-粘结法。SEM、EDS、BET和XRD等表征结果表明,该法对原始ACFs的比表面积及孔结构参数影响小,能够保持TiO2原有的锐钛晶型。正交实验结果得出,当TiO2悬浮液浓度为5 mg·mL-1,烘干温度为100℃,烘干时间为3 h,CMC添加比为0.25%时,制得的TiO2/ACFs复合材料性能较佳。与溶胶-凝胶法相比,浸渍-粘结法操作简单、温度温和、成本低廉。
2.UV照射下,TiO2/ACFs复合光催化材料对流动态甲苯气体的降解性能曲线表现为：先快速降低,约60min后开始逐步升高,至最高点后略有下降,最后趋于稳定。不同CMC添加比(0.15%、0.25%、0.35%)下制得的TiO2/ACFs对甲苯的最高降解率分别为66.8%、70.4%和59.9%。所考察的实验条件下,TiO2/ACFs对甲苯的降解率随光强的增大而增大；随甲苯初始浓度的增加而逐渐降低；随甲苯气量的增加而下降；增加催化剂用量可改善甲苯的降解性能,但用量太大时,对甲苯的降解性能影响变得不明显。TiO2/ACFs光催化氧化低浓度甲苯气体动力学过程符合Langmuir-Hinshelwood准一级动力学方程。
3.对酚试剂法测定甲醛的实验条件进行优化。当甲醛浓度较高时,可采用去离子水或吸收液进行稀释,从经济的角度,首选去离子水。UV照射初期,溶胶-凝胶法制备的TiO2/ACFs对流动态甲醛气体的净化率高于浸渍-粘结法,而80min后前者对甲醛的净化率略低于后者。所考察的实验条件下,紫外光持续照射一定时间后,甲醛的降解率随光强的增加而增加：随甲醛初始浓度的增加而增加；随甲醛气量的增加而下降；随催化剂装填量的增加而增加。TiO2/ACFs光催化降解低浓度甲醛气体符合Langmuir-Hinshelwood准一级动力学反应方程。
4.采用溶胶-凝胶法和化学沉积法将CdS修饰在P25 TiO2,制备得到CdS/TiO2纳米复合体,并采用浸渍-粘结法将其负载于ACFs上,制得CdS/TiO2/ACFs复合光催化材料。通过XRD、UV-vis、SEM、EDS及BET等手段表征结果表明,CdS/TiO2复合体仍以TiO2为主体,仅有少量的CdS修饰在TiO2表面,对TiO2原有的晶型组成和平均粒径未造成显著影响；CdS实现了TiO2的吸收光谱向可见光区发生迁移；CdS/TiO2以分子簇形式负载在ACFs表面,但分布较不均匀；CdS/TiO2/ACFs复合材料的比表面积及孔容较原始ACFs轻微减少,而平均孔径没有明显变化。太阳光下CdS/TiO2与CdS/TiO2/ACFs对亚甲基蓝的光降解反应均遵从Langmuir-Hinshelwood动力学模型,测得CdS/TiO2对应的表观一级反应速率常数较P25 TiO2提高了1.3-1.4倍,CdS/TiO2/ACFs较TiO2/ACFs提高了1.2-1.7倍,且化学沉积法制备的复合光催化材料的光降解性能略优于溶胶-凝胶法。
5.CdS/TiO2/ACFs复合光催化材料于太阳光下对静态体系下甲苯气体以及日光灯下对流动态甲苯气体的光降解率明显高于TiO2/ACFs,表明CdS明显改善了TiO2对可见光的利用效率。复合材料上吸附态有机物的气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)定性分析结果显示,除了未反应掉的甲苯外,还发现了十四烷、十五烷、十六烷等几种直链烷烃,而未检出苯甲醇、苯甲醛、苯甲酸等中间产物。CdS/TiO2被不同能量的紫外光和可见光激发时,其电荷传输机理有所不同。基于可见光CdS/TiO2/ACFs对甲苯气体的光催化反应动力学过程可分为7个连续的步骤。
6.以河北省某制药企业废水处理站散发的恶臭及异味气体为研究对象,气样采用真空不锈钢苏码罐采集,经三级预浓缩处理后,导入气相色谱-质谱仪进行定性及定量分析。测得该企业废水恶臭及异味中主要的VOCs为酯类、硫醇、硫醚及酮类等,其中乙酸丁酯含量最高,浓度达890mg/m3以上。将TiO2/ACFs复合材料应用于该类废气的净化处理,初步评价结果表明,该方法对恶臭及异味中VOCs可实现不同程度的净化,运行初期的净化效率介于47.4%-98.7%之间。实验过程中,紫外灯开启初始30mmin内,光催化反应器内的温度迅速增加,而湿度则迅速降低；光照30min后,反应器内温湿度趋于稳定。因此,考虑到实际工程应用的经济性,采用TiO2/ACFs吸附-光催化净化VOCs气体时,可不增加恒温恒湿装置。
Photocatalytic oxidation shows excellent performance in cleaning gaseous organic pollutants. However, nano-TiO2 powder has some disadvantages in the practical applications, such as a narrow spectral response range (light absorption is only limited to UV region), lower optical quantum efficiency and difficult to recycling. So immobilizing and visible-modifying nano-TiO2 become two research hotspots in the photocatalysis fields. When TiO2 was loaded on the porous carriers, the synergies of adsorption and photocatalysis helped to realize the rapid degradation of the organic pollutants. In this paper, activated carbon fibers (ACFs) with narrow pore size distribution and high absorption capacity were selected as carrier, the preparation method of TiO2/ACFs composite photocatalyst material was optimized; toluene and formaldehyde were selected as model organic pollutant, the photodegradation activities and dynamic behaviories of gaseous flowing toluene and formaldehyde by TiO2/ACFs were studied; for improving the responsibility to visible-light of nano-TiO2, CdS/TiO2 composite photocatalysts was prepared by using semiconductor CdS with narrow enegy band modifying TiO2; CdS/TiO2/ACFs composite photocatalysts were prepared by loading CdS/TiO2 on the ACFs, then their photodegradation performance, mechanism and reaction dynamic process were studied under visible-light irradiation. The pollution of malodour and offensive odour from wastewater were common in the pharmaceutical companies, and the organic component in the odour were mainly VOCs, so TiO2/ACFs composites was used to clean the odour in the field experiment, the aim was to preliminarily estimate the application effect of TiO2/ACFs. The results were as follows.
1. Considering the advantages of simplicity of the dip-coating method and firmness of the adhesive cohering method, using the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) with good performances as the adhesive, a new preparation method of TiO2/ACFs-'Dip-cohering method'was proposed. The surface morphology, microstructure and crystal structure of TiO2/ACFs photocatalyst were characterized by SEM, EDS, BET and XRD. The results showed that the surface area and pore volume of TiO2/ACFs decreased slightly, and the original anatase crystal form of TiO2 could be kept. By orthogonal experiments the better preparation conditions were determined:TiO2 suspension concentration was 5 mg-mL-1, drying temperature was 100℃, drying time was 3 h, the amount of the added CMC was 0.25%. Compared with sol-gel method, the dip-cohering method was simple, moderate preparation temperature and low cost.
2. With UV irradiation, the photodegradation rate curve of the gaseous flowing toluene by TiO2/ACFs composite showed that it firstly rapidly reduced, after 60min gradually increased to a maximum of points, then decreased and stabilized. The highest removal rate of toluene by TiO2/ACFs prepared with different amount of the added CMC (0.15%、0.25%、0.35%) were 66.8%、70.4% and 59.9%, respectively. Under experimental conditions, the photodegradation rate of toluene by TiO2/ACFs increased with the increasing of light intensity, while it decreased with the increasing of toluene initial concentration or gas flow, and increasing photocatalyst amount could improve the photodegradation performances of toluene, however if the amount was too much, the effect became unsignificant. The photocatalytic reaction kinetic process of the gaseous flowing low-concentration toluene by TiO2/ACFs fitted Langmuir-Hinshelwood pseudo-first-order kinetic equation.
3. The experimental conditions of the phenol reagent spectrophotometric determining formaldehyde were optimized. When the concentration of formaldehyde was higher, phenol reagent or deionized water should be selected to dilute the absorption solution to appropriate volume, however, taking into account the economy, the deionized water was preferred. At the initial stage of UV irradiation, the photodegradation rate of the gaseous flowing formaldehyde by TiO2/ACFs prepared by the sol-gel method was higher than that of the dip-cohering method, while after 80min the degradation rate of the former was slightly lower than that of the latter. Under experimental conditions, the photodegradation rate of formaldehyde by TiO2/ACFs increased with the increasing of light intensity or photocatalyst amount, while it decreased with the increasing of formaldehyde initial concentration or gas flow. The photocatalytic reaction kinetic process of the gaseous flowing low-concentration formaldehyde by TiO2/ACFs fitted Langmuir-Hinshelwood pseudo-first-order kinetic equation.
4. Degussa P25 TiO2 modified CdS (CdS/TiO2) composites were prepared by two methods, sol-gel method and precipitation method, then CdS/TiO2 loaded on ACFs composites (CdS/TiO2/ACFs) were prepared by dip-cohering method. The composites were characterized by XRD, UV-vis, SEM, EDS and BET. The results showed that in the CdS/TiO2 composites TiO2 was still main and only modified by a small amount of CdS on the surface, which caused a little impact on the crystal structure and average particle size of P25 TiO2; the absorption edge of CdS/TiO2 had a pronounced'red shift'. on the ACFs CdS/TiO2 were in the form of small clusters, but not very uniform; compared with the original ACFs, the surface area and pore volume of CdS/TiO2/ACFs decreased slightly, respectively, while the average pore diameter was not changed. The photodegradation kinetics of methylene blue by CdS/TiO2 or CdS/TiO2/ACFs composites under sunlight fitted with the Langmuir-Hinshelwood equation. The apparent first-order rate constant of CdS/TiO2 was about 1.3-1.4 times as large as that of P25 TiO2, and the apparent first-order rate constant of CdS/TiO2/ACFs was about 1.2-1.7 times as large as that of P25-TiO2/ACFs. The photocatalytic activities of the composites prepared by the sol-gel method were better than that of precipitation method.
5. The photodegradation rates of toluene by the CdS/TiO2/ACFs composite was significantly higher than that of TiO2/ACFs both in a static system under sunlight irradiation and in a dynamic system under fluorescent light irradiation. It was obvious that CdS enhanced the utilization efficiency of TiO2 to the visible light. The adsorbed organic matter in the composite materials were qualitatively analysed by GC-MS, the results showed that besides unreacted toluene out, several straight-chain alkanes, such as tetradecane, pentadecane and hexadecane, were found, without benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde, benzoic acid and other intermediates were detected. When CdS/TiO2 was irradiated by UV or visible-light with different energy, the charge-transfer mechanism was different. Based on visible-light, the photocatalytic reaction kinetics of gaseous toluene by CdS/TiO2/ACFs could be divided into seven consecutive steps.
6. The malodour and offensive odour from wastewater treatment station of a pharmaceutical company in Hebei province was selected as the research object, gaseous samples were collected by vacuum stainless steel SUMMA canisters, then they were preconcentrated for three times, finally they were taken into GC-MS for qualitative and quantitative analysis. The results showed that the major VOCs in the odour were ester, mercaptan, sulfide, ketone and so on, in which the concentrations of butyl acetate was the highest, up to 890 mg-m-3. TiO2/ACFs composites were used to purify such waste gas. The results showed that the method could purify the malodour and offensive odour in varying degrees, in the initial operation stage the removal efficiency ranged between 47.4%-98.7%. During the experiment, in the initial 30min after turning on UV, the temperature in the photocatalytic reactor increased rapidly, while the relative humidity rapidly reduced, after 30min, the temperature and relative humidity gradually became stable. So taking into account of the economy, when TiO2/ACFs were used to adsorb and photodegrade VOCs, temperature and humidity controller may be not added in practical application.
1.兼顾浸渍提拉法工艺简单及粘结法结合牢固的优点,选择性能良好的羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)作为粘结剂,提出制备TiO2/ACFs的新方法—浸渍-粘结法。SEM、EDS、BET和XRD等表征结果表明,该法对原始ACFs的比表面积及孔结构参数影响小,能够保持TiO2原有的锐钛晶型。正交实验结果得出,当TiO2悬浮液浓度为5 mg·mL-1,烘干温度为100℃,烘干时间为3 h,CMC添加比为0.25%时,制得的TiO2/ACFs复合材料性能较佳。与溶胶-凝胶法相比,浸渍-粘结法操作简单、温度温和、成本低廉。
2.UV照射下,TiO2/ACFs复合光催化材料对流动态甲苯气体的降解性能曲线表现为：先快速降低,约60min后开始逐步升高,至最高点后略有下降,最后趋于稳定。不同CMC添加比(0.15%、0.25%、0.35%)下制得的TiO2/ACFs对甲苯的最高降解率分别为66.8%、70.4%和59.9%。所考察的实验条件下,TiO2/ACFs对甲苯的降解率随光强的增大而增大；随甲苯初始浓度的增加而逐渐降低；随甲苯气量的增加而下降；增加催化剂用量可改善甲苯的降解性能,但用量太大时,对甲苯的降解性能影响变得不明显。TiO2/ACFs光催化氧化低浓度甲苯气体动力学过程符合Langmuir-Hinshelwood准一级动力学方程。
3.对酚试剂法测定甲醛的实验条件进行优化。当甲醛浓度较高时,可采用去离子水或吸收液进行稀释,从经济的角度,首选去离子水。UV照射初期,溶胶-凝胶法制备的TiO2/ACFs对流动态甲醛气体的净化率高于浸渍-粘结法,而80min后前者对甲醛的净化率略低于后者。所考察的实验条件下,紫外光持续照射一定时间后,甲醛的降解率随光强的增加而增加：随甲醛初始浓度的增加而增加；随甲醛气量的增加而下降；随催化剂装填量的增加而增加。TiO2/ACFs光催化降解低浓度甲醛气体符合Langmuir-Hinshelwood准一级动力学反应方程。
4.采用溶胶-凝胶法和化学沉积法将CdS修饰在P25 TiO2,制备得到CdS/TiO2纳米复合体,并采用浸渍-粘结法将其负载于ACFs上,制得CdS/TiO2/ACFs复合光催化材料。通过XRD、UV-vis、SEM、EDS及BET等手段表征结果表明,CdS/TiO2复合体仍以TiO2为主体,仅有少量的CdS修饰在TiO2表面,对TiO2原有的晶型组成和平均粒径未造成显著影响；CdS实现了TiO2的吸收光谱向可见光区发生迁移；CdS/TiO2以分子簇形式负载在ACFs表面,但分布较不均匀；CdS/TiO2/ACFs复合材料的比表面积及孔容较原始ACFs轻微减少,而平均孔径没有明显变化。太阳光下CdS/TiO2与CdS/TiO2/ACFs对亚甲基蓝的光降解反应均遵从Langmuir-Hinshelwood动力学模型,测得CdS/TiO2对应的表观一级反应速率常数较P25 TiO2提高了1.3-1.4倍,CdS/TiO2/ACFs较TiO2/ACFs提高了1.2-1.7倍,且化学沉积法制备的复合光催化材料的光降解性能略优于溶胶-凝胶法。
5.CdS/TiO2/ACFs复合光催化材料于太阳光下对静态体系下甲苯气体以及日光灯下对流动态甲苯气体的光降解率明显高于TiO2/ACFs,表明CdS明显改善了TiO2对可见光的利用效率。复合材料上吸附态有机物的气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)定性分析结果显示,除了未反应掉的甲苯外,还发现了十四烷、十五烷、十六烷等几种直链烷烃,而未检出苯甲醇、苯甲醛、苯甲酸等中间产物。CdS/TiO2被不同能量的紫外光和可见光激发时,其电荷传输机理有所不同。基于可见光CdS/TiO2/ACFs对甲苯气体的光催化反应动力学过程可分为7个连续的步骤。
6.以河北省某制药企业废水处理站散发的恶臭及异味气体为研究对象,气样采用真空不锈钢苏码罐采集,经三级预浓缩处理后,导入气相色谱-质谱仪进行定性及定量分析。测得该企业废水恶臭及异味中主要的VOCs为酯类、硫醇、硫醚及酮类等,其中乙酸丁酯含量最高,浓度达890mg/m3以上。将TiO2/ACFs复合材料应用于该类废气的净化处理,初步评价结果表明,该方法对恶臭及异味中VOCs可实现不同程度的净化,运行初期的净化效率介于47.4%-98.7%之间。实验过程中,紫外灯开启初始30mmin内,光催化反应器内的温度迅速增加,而湿度则迅速降低；光照30min后,反应器内温湿度趋于稳定。因此,考虑到实际工程应用的经济性,采用TiO2/ACFs吸附-光催化净化VOCs气体时,可不增加恒温恒湿装置。
Photocatalytic oxidation shows excellent performance in cleaning gaseous organic pollutants. However, nano-TiO2 powder has some disadvantages in the practical applications, such as a narrow spectral response range (light absorption is only limited to UV region), lower optical quantum efficiency and difficult to recycling. So immobilizing and visible-modifying nano-TiO2 become two research hotspots in the photocatalysis fields. When TiO2 was loaded on the porous carriers, the synergies of adsorption and photocatalysis helped to realize the rapid degradation of the organic pollutants. In this paper, activated carbon fibers (ACFs) with narrow pore size distribution and high absorption capacity were selected as carrier, the preparation method of TiO2/ACFs composite photocatalyst material was optimized; toluene and formaldehyde were selected as model organic pollutant, the photodegradation activities and dynamic behaviories of gaseous flowing toluene and formaldehyde by TiO2/ACFs were studied; for improving the responsibility to visible-light of nano-TiO2, CdS/TiO2 composite photocatalysts was prepared by using semiconductor CdS with narrow enegy band modifying TiO2; CdS/TiO2/ACFs composite photocatalysts were prepared by loading CdS/TiO2 on the ACFs, then their photodegradation performance, mechanism and reaction dynamic process were studied under visible-light irradiation. The pollution of malodour and offensive odour from wastewater were common in the pharmaceutical companies, and the organic component in the odour were mainly VOCs, so TiO2/ACFs composites was used to clean the odour in the field experiment, the aim was to preliminarily estimate the application effect of TiO2/ACFs. The results were as follows.
1. Considering the advantages of simplicity of the dip-coating method and firmness of the adhesive cohering method, using the sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) with good performances as the adhesive, a new preparation method of TiO2/ACFs-'Dip-cohering method'was proposed. The surface morphology, microstructure and crystal structure of TiO2/ACFs photocatalyst were characterized by SEM, EDS, BET and XRD. The results showed that the surface area and pore volume of TiO2/ACFs decreased slightly, and the original anatase crystal form of TiO2 could be kept. By orthogonal experiments the better preparation conditions were determined:TiO2 suspension concentration was 5 mg-mL-1, drying temperature was 100℃, drying time was 3 h, the amount of the added CMC was 0.25%. Compared with sol-gel method, the dip-cohering method was simple, moderate preparation temperature and low cost.
2. With UV irradiation, the photodegradation rate curve of the gaseous flowing toluene by TiO2/ACFs composite showed that it firstly rapidly reduced, after 60min gradually increased to a maximum of points, then decreased and stabilized. The highest removal rate of toluene by TiO2/ACFs prepared with different amount of the added CMC (0.15%、0.25%、0.35%) were 66.8%、70.4% and 59.9%, respectively. Under experimental conditions, the photodegradation rate of toluene by TiO2/ACFs increased with the increasing of light intensity, while it decreased with the increasing of toluene initial concentration or gas flow, and increasing photocatalyst amount could improve the photodegradation performances of toluene, however if the amount was too much, the effect became unsignificant. The photocatalytic reaction kinetic process of the gaseous flowing low-concentration toluene by TiO2/ACFs fitted Langmuir-Hinshelwood pseudo-first-order kinetic equation.
3. The experimental conditions of the phenol reagent spectrophotometric determining formaldehyde were optimized. When the concentration of formaldehyde was higher, phenol reagent or deionized water should be selected to dilute the absorption solution to appropriate volume, however, taking into account the economy, the deionized water was preferred. At the initial stage of UV irradiation, the photodegradation rate of the gaseous flowing formaldehyde by TiO2/ACFs prepared by the sol-gel method was higher than that of the dip-cohering method, while after 80min the degradation rate of the former was slightly lower than that of the latter. Under experimental conditions, the photodegradation rate of formaldehyde by TiO2/ACFs increased with the increasing of light intensity or photocatalyst amount, while it decreased with the increasing of formaldehyde initial concentration or gas flow. The photocatalytic reaction kinetic process of the gaseous flowing low-concentration formaldehyde by TiO2/ACFs fitted Langmuir-Hinshelwood pseudo-first-order kinetic equation.
4. Degussa P25 TiO2 modified CdS (CdS/TiO2) composites were prepared by two methods, sol-gel method and precipitation method, then CdS/TiO2 loaded on ACFs composites (CdS/TiO2/ACFs) were prepared by dip-cohering method. The composites were characterized by XRD, UV-vis, SEM, EDS and BET. The results showed that in the CdS/TiO2 composites TiO2 was still main and only modified by a small amount of CdS on the surface, which caused a little impact on the crystal structure and average particle size of P25 TiO2; the absorption edge of CdS/TiO2 had a pronounced'red shift'. on the ACFs CdS/TiO2 were in the form of small clusters, but not very uniform; compared with the original ACFs, the surface area and pore volume of CdS/TiO2/ACFs decreased slightly, respectively, while the average pore diameter was not changed. The photodegradation kinetics of methylene blue by CdS/TiO2 or CdS/TiO2/ACFs composites under sunlight fitted with the Langmuir-Hinshelwood equation. The apparent first-order rate constant of CdS/TiO2 was about 1.3-1.4 times as large as that of P25 TiO2, and the apparent first-order rate constant of CdS/TiO2/ACFs was about 1.2-1.7 times as large as that of P25-TiO2/ACFs. The photocatalytic activities of the composites prepared by the sol-gel method were better than that of precipitation method.
5. The photodegradation rates of toluene by the CdS/TiO2/ACFs composite was significantly higher than that of TiO2/ACFs both in a static system under sunlight irradiation and in a dynamic system under fluorescent light irradiation. It was obvious that CdS enhanced the utilization efficiency of TiO2 to the visible light. The adsorbed organic matter in the composite materials were qualitatively analysed by GC-MS, the results showed that besides unreacted toluene out, several straight-chain alkanes, such as tetradecane, pentadecane and hexadecane, were found, without benzyl alcohol, benzaldehyde, benzoic acid and other intermediates were detected. When CdS/TiO2 was irradiated by UV or visible-light with different energy, the charge-transfer mechanism was different. Based on visible-light, the photocatalytic reaction kinetics of gaseous toluene by CdS/TiO2/ACFs could be divided into seven consecutive steps.
6. The malodour and offensive odour from wastewater treatment station of a pharmaceutical company in Hebei province was selected as the research object, gaseous samples were collected by vacuum stainless steel SUMMA canisters, then they were preconcentrated for three times, finally they were taken into GC-MS for qualitative and quantitative analysis. The results showed that the major VOCs in the odour were ester, mercaptan, sulfide, ketone and so on, in which the concentrations of butyl acetate was the highest, up to 890 mg-m-3. TiO2/ACFs composites were used to purify such waste gas. The results showed that the method could purify the malodour and offensive odour in varying degrees, in the initial operation stage the removal efficiency ranged between 47.4%-98.7%. During the experiment, in the initial 30min after turning on UV, the temperature in the photocatalytic reactor increased rapidly, while the relative humidity rapidly reduced, after 30min, the temperature and relative humidity gradually became stable. So taking into account of the economy, when TiO2/ACFs were used to adsorb and photodegrade VOCs, temperature and humidity controller may be not added in practical application.
引文
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