二氧化氯杀菌机理及其对城市污水杀菌消毒应用研究
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摘要
对污水的杀菌消毒处理是解决水质安全问题的重要工作。目前,二氧化氯是国际社会公认的理想消毒剂,国内针对二氧化氯杀菌消毒方面的研究还较少。因此,加深对二氧化氯的杀菌消毒理论和实践研究,对于拓展二氧化氯在此领域的应用具有很强的实用价值和指导意义。
论文主要做了三方面工作:
①对二氧化氯杀菌机理进行了理论研究。二氧化氯具有强氧化性,因此它对细胞壁有较强的吸附和穿透能力,可有效氧化细胞内含硫基的酶,快速控制微生物蛋白质的合成进而破坏微生物,达到杀菌消毒的目的。
②通过单因素及正交实验研究了ClO_2对城市污水杀菌消毒各影响因素的主次顺序,二氧化氯灭活细菌的最佳条件以及ClO_2消毒后水体中的副产物,并得出结论:ClO_2对城市污水杀菌消毒各影响因素的主次顺序由主到次依次为接触时间>反应温度> ClO_2投加量>搅拌速度≈pH值;二氧化氯灭活细菌的最佳条件为ClO_2浓度2mg/L,与污水接触时间20min,反应温度40℃,pH值6,搅拌速度60r/min,此时ClO_2的杀菌率最高,可以达到99.9%;ClO_2消毒后的水体中不会产生CHCl_3,且CHCl_3和CCl_4含量都在《集中式生活饮用水地表水源地特定项目标准》(GB3838-2002)范围之内。
③以太原市河西北中部污水处理厂为应用实例,研究了ClO_2对城市污水的处理效果,并且通过与该厂现有杀菌消毒工艺对比,建议其改造现有二氧化氯发生工艺,提高消毒反应温度,最终实现中水回用。
Research of sterilization and disinfection about sewage is an important work to solving the water quality safety. Chlorine dioxide is recognized by the international community the best ideal chlorine disinfectants. Domestic research on chlorine dioxide disinfection disinfection is rather less. Therefore, its application on the field of disinfection sterilization is practical value and instructive purpose when chlorine dioxide disinfection principle of urban sewage sterilization and disinfection is researched in-depth.
Three areas were done in this paper:
①Theoretical research on chlorine dioxide disinfection was fulfilled. Its strong oxidizing made a better strong absorption and penetration capability, and can effectively make sulfur-based enzyme oxidize. It can also rapidly control synthesis of microbial protein so as to destruct microorganisms, and the sterilization disinfection purpose was achieved.
②the primary and secondary order on the urban sewage sterilization disinfection influence by ClO_2, the best conditions on inactivated bacteria by chlorine dioxide, as well as the water by-product after disinfection by ClO_2 were researched by the single factor and orthogonal experimental analysis. The conclusion was follows: the primary and secondary order about factors of urban sewage sterilization disinfection affected by ClO_2 is contact time> reaction temperature> ClO_2 dosage> mixing speed≈pH values; the best conditions on inactivating bacteria by chlorine dioxide is the concentration of ClO_2 2mg / L, and the contact time on sewage is 20 min, as well as the reaction temperature 40℃, pH value of 6, mixing rate 60 r / min. At this moment, the highest rate of ClO_2 disinfection can achieve 99.9%; the water disinfected by ClO_2 does not produce CHCl_3, and contents of CCl_4 and CHCl_3 is at the GB3838-2002 range, while the GB is standards to specific projects on centralized surface sources of drinking water.
③based on the research of the sewage treatment factory located in the Northwest in Taiyuan, the treatment of urban sewage by ClO_2 was studied in this paper. Contrast to the existing disinfection and sterilization plant, the advice about transformation of its existing production technology on chlorine dioxide was proposed. This advice can improve disinfection Temperature and realize the water reuse ultimately.
论文主要做了三方面工作:
①对二氧化氯杀菌机理进行了理论研究。二氧化氯具有强氧化性,因此它对细胞壁有较强的吸附和穿透能力,可有效氧化细胞内含硫基的酶,快速控制微生物蛋白质的合成进而破坏微生物,达到杀菌消毒的目的。
②通过单因素及正交实验研究了ClO_2对城市污水杀菌消毒各影响因素的主次顺序,二氧化氯灭活细菌的最佳条件以及ClO_2消毒后水体中的副产物,并得出结论:ClO_2对城市污水杀菌消毒各影响因素的主次顺序由主到次依次为接触时间>反应温度> ClO_2投加量>搅拌速度≈pH值;二氧化氯灭活细菌的最佳条件为ClO_2浓度2mg/L,与污水接触时间20min,反应温度40℃,pH值6,搅拌速度60r/min,此时ClO_2的杀菌率最高,可以达到99.9%;ClO_2消毒后的水体中不会产生CHCl_3,且CHCl_3和CCl_4含量都在《集中式生活饮用水地表水源地特定项目标准》(GB3838-2002)范围之内。
③以太原市河西北中部污水处理厂为应用实例,研究了ClO_2对城市污水的处理效果,并且通过与该厂现有杀菌消毒工艺对比,建议其改造现有二氧化氯发生工艺,提高消毒反应温度,最终实现中水回用。
Research of sterilization and disinfection about sewage is an important work to solving the water quality safety. Chlorine dioxide is recognized by the international community the best ideal chlorine disinfectants. Domestic research on chlorine dioxide disinfection disinfection is rather less. Therefore, its application on the field of disinfection sterilization is practical value and instructive purpose when chlorine dioxide disinfection principle of urban sewage sterilization and disinfection is researched in-depth.
Three areas were done in this paper:
①Theoretical research on chlorine dioxide disinfection was fulfilled. Its strong oxidizing made a better strong absorption and penetration capability, and can effectively make sulfur-based enzyme oxidize. It can also rapidly control synthesis of microbial protein so as to destruct microorganisms, and the sterilization disinfection purpose was achieved.
②the primary and secondary order on the urban sewage sterilization disinfection influence by ClO_2, the best conditions on inactivated bacteria by chlorine dioxide, as well as the water by-product after disinfection by ClO_2 were researched by the single factor and orthogonal experimental analysis. The conclusion was follows: the primary and secondary order about factors of urban sewage sterilization disinfection affected by ClO_2 is contact time> reaction temperature> ClO_2 dosage> mixing speed≈pH values; the best conditions on inactivating bacteria by chlorine dioxide is the concentration of ClO_2 2mg / L, and the contact time on sewage is 20 min, as well as the reaction temperature 40℃, pH value of 6, mixing rate 60 r / min. At this moment, the highest rate of ClO_2 disinfection can achieve 99.9%; the water disinfected by ClO_2 does not produce CHCl_3, and contents of CCl_4 and CHCl_3 is at the GB3838-2002 range, while the GB is standards to specific projects on centralized surface sources of drinking water.
③based on the research of the sewage treatment factory located in the Northwest in Taiyuan, the treatment of urban sewage by ClO_2 was studied in this paper. Contrast to the existing disinfection and sterilization plant, the advice about transformation of its existing production technology on chlorine dioxide was proposed. This advice can improve disinfection Temperature and realize the water reuse ultimately.
引文
[1] Raina M.Maier,Lan L.Pepper,Charles P.Gerba.环境微生物学(上册)[M].北京:科学出版社,2004:2-294.
[2] 蹇兴超.城市污水回用技术现状和发展趋势.环境保护:1996,8:15-17.
[3] 林华,王建成.城市污水处理建设问题的探讨.冶金能源.2003,22 .3:54-56.
[4] 林平.对污水处理的几点看法.林业科技情报.2004,36.1:29.
[5] 梅特卡夫和埃迪公司[美].废水工程处理及回用.第四版.北京:化学工业出版社,2004: 910-928.
[6] 陈朝东.中水处理与回用技术问答.北京:化学工业出版社,2001: 65-96.
[7] 贾川.二氧化氯消毒浅析.铁道劳动安全卫生与环保.1998,25.4:242-244.
[8] 荣军士.二氧化氯杀菌剂的生产及应用.淮南师范学院学报.2001,3. 2:36-38.
[9] 王凤鸣,吴向荣,王莉莉.稳定性二氧化氯——高效无毒安全杀菌净化剂.环境与开发.1994,9.2 期:271-275.
[10] James D.Berg,Resistance of Bacterial Subpopulations to Disinfection by chlorine Dioxide,Jour,AWWA,(Sept.1988)
[11] 韩永萍,付建立.二氧化氯消毒剂在饮用水处理中的应用.北京联合大学学报(自然科学版). 2004,18.4:71-75.
[12] 路凯,陈亚妍,李士英,黄承武.二氧化氯特性及其饮水消毒的优缺点.国外医学卫生学分册.2000,27.6:364-367.
[13] 傅金祥,马黎明,金成清,孙风海,徐元勤.稳定性二氧化氯消毒剂的开发与应用.沈阳建筑工程学院学报.1994,10.3:309-313.
[14] 徐贤英,胡世文,付超,范新年,陈树生.二氧化氯消毒剂在饮用水中应用的几个问题的探讨.四川化工.2006,9.3:22-25.
[15] 王骄凌,郭国清.二氧化氯生产工艺及应用进展(上).上海化工.2001,2:20-21.
[16] 杨铁保.气体二氧化氯生成方法及机理研究.中北大学:中北大学,2007.
[17] 完颜华.二氧化氯的特性及在水处理中的应用.铁道劳动安全卫生与环保.1994,21.3:219-221.
[18] 崔英德,梁亮.漂白剂及其应用.中山大学学报,1999,3:59-62.
[19] GorgonJ. Is all chlorine dioxide created equal.J. A WWA.A pril 2001: 163-174.
[20] Gates D J. Chlorine dioxide generation technology and mythology. Conference Proceedings. Advances in Water Analysis and Treatment, AWWA, 1989, Philadephia, PA .
[21] 张骥红,姚成.二氧化氯制备方法研究.江苏化工,1996,24.6:31-33.
[22] 马全红,邹宗柏等.稳定型二氧化氯杀菌剂的研究.化学世界.2000,12:628-629.
[23] 李建政.环境工程微生物学[M].北京:化学工业出版社.2004:8-10.
[24] 赵庆良、任南琪.水污染控制工程. 北京:化学工业出版社. 2005:298-299.
[25] 李启良.二氧化氯氧化处理有机废水的实验研究.硕士学位论文.南京大学[D].2003.
[26] 管浩,张丽玲等.二氧化氯在水处理中的应用.氯碱化工[J].2002.1:36-37.
[27] 张胜华.水处理微生物学.2005:155-160;252-275.
[28] 纪轩.废水处理技术问答. 北京:中国石化出版社.2005:200-210.
[29] Huang J L, Tang Y L. Trihalomethane formation in water treated with chlorine dioxide[J]. Water Research,1996,78.6:2371-2385
[30] Aieta EM,Berg JD. J Am Water Works Asso,1986,78.6:62-72.
[31] 赵庆良、任南琪.水污染控制工程.北京:化学工业出版社.2005:20-30.
[32] Michael J R, Buxton G V. Chlorine dioxide water disinfection: a perspective epidemiology study[J]. Archives Environment Health,1981,36: 20-26.
[33] 王霞,杨萍.二氧化氯应用于水处理的探讨.河北建筑工程学院学报.2004,22.3:15-18.
[34] 石磊,石勇,石金声,于登文,陈强.二氧化氯在水体消毒及含氰电镀废水处理中的应用.材料保护.2003, 5.1:50-52.
[35] 陈书明,肖亚平.稳定性二氧化氯对病毒的消毒作用及应用.南京师大学报(自然科学版).2003,26.3:49-51.
[36] 李健,高沛峻.污水处理技术. 哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社.2005:222-224.
[37] Arnold E.Greenberg. Public Health Aspects of Alternative Water disinfectants. J.AWWA.1981,69:31-33.
[38] 王永仪,李娜,徐伟等 . 二氧化氯消毒时三氯甲烷形成量的研究 . 环境科学.1995,16.4:32-34
[39] 黄君礼,李海波等.二氧化氯和液氯消毒饮用水致突变性的比较.环境化学,1998,17.4:381-387.
[40] Armenter J.Ll,Cristia J.et al.Pretreatment Options for Water With High Disinfection Byproducts Formation Potential. Water Supply 1998,16:543-550.
[41] K.S.Werdehoff,Philip C.Singer. Chlorine Dioxide Effects on THMFP,TOXFP and the Formation of Inorganic By-products.J.AWWA.1987,75:107-113.
[42] 徐丽,于晓英.二氧化氯消毒剂性能及其消毒副产物的毒性.辽宁化工.2003,32.9:386-388.
[43] Ogawa,Katsutoshi,Oyana,Masako. Removal of Residual Chlorine Dioxide from Tap Water by Adsorption.Jpn.Kokai.Tokkyo Koho.1996,22:4.
[44] 王永仪.二氧化氯及其在水处理中的应用.化工进展.1996,1:30-33.
[45] 张清敏.环境生物学实验技术. 北京:化学工业出版社,2005:80-82.
[46] 侯宏卫.稳定性二氧化氯的研究.硕士学位论文.南京理工大学[D].2002.
[47] 鲁秀国.二氧化氯的发生技术及其发生器的研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨建筑大学,1999.
[2] 蹇兴超.城市污水回用技术现状和发展趋势.环境保护:1996,8:15-17.
[3] 林华,王建成.城市污水处理建设问题的探讨.冶金能源.2003,22 .3:54-56.
[4] 林平.对污水处理的几点看法.林业科技情报.2004,36.1:29.
[5] 梅特卡夫和埃迪公司[美].废水工程处理及回用.第四版.北京:化学工业出版社,2004: 910-928.
[6] 陈朝东.中水处理与回用技术问答.北京:化学工业出版社,2001: 65-96.
[7] 贾川.二氧化氯消毒浅析.铁道劳动安全卫生与环保.1998,25.4:242-244.
[8] 荣军士.二氧化氯杀菌剂的生产及应用.淮南师范学院学报.2001,3. 2:36-38.
[9] 王凤鸣,吴向荣,王莉莉.稳定性二氧化氯——高效无毒安全杀菌净化剂.环境与开发.1994,9.2 期:271-275.
[10] James D.Berg,Resistance of Bacterial Subpopulations to Disinfection by chlorine Dioxide,Jour,AWWA,(Sept.1988)
[11] 韩永萍,付建立.二氧化氯消毒剂在饮用水处理中的应用.北京联合大学学报(自然科学版). 2004,18.4:71-75.
[12] 路凯,陈亚妍,李士英,黄承武.二氧化氯特性及其饮水消毒的优缺点.国外医学卫生学分册.2000,27.6:364-367.
[13] 傅金祥,马黎明,金成清,孙风海,徐元勤.稳定性二氧化氯消毒剂的开发与应用.沈阳建筑工程学院学报.1994,10.3:309-313.
[14] 徐贤英,胡世文,付超,范新年,陈树生.二氧化氯消毒剂在饮用水中应用的几个问题的探讨.四川化工.2006,9.3:22-25.
[15] 王骄凌,郭国清.二氧化氯生产工艺及应用进展(上).上海化工.2001,2:20-21.
[16] 杨铁保.气体二氧化氯生成方法及机理研究.中北大学:中北大学,2007.
[17] 完颜华.二氧化氯的特性及在水处理中的应用.铁道劳动安全卫生与环保.1994,21.3:219-221.
[18] 崔英德,梁亮.漂白剂及其应用.中山大学学报,1999,3:59-62.
[19] GorgonJ. Is all chlorine dioxide created equal.J. A WWA.A pril 2001: 163-174.
[20] Gates D J. Chlorine dioxide generation technology and mythology. Conference Proceedings. Advances in Water Analysis and Treatment, AWWA, 1989, Philadephia, PA .
[21] 张骥红,姚成.二氧化氯制备方法研究.江苏化工,1996,24.6:31-33.
[22] 马全红,邹宗柏等.稳定型二氧化氯杀菌剂的研究.化学世界.2000,12:628-629.
[23] 李建政.环境工程微生物学[M].北京:化学工业出版社.2004:8-10.
[24] 赵庆良、任南琪.水污染控制工程. 北京:化学工业出版社. 2005:298-299.
[25] 李启良.二氧化氯氧化处理有机废水的实验研究.硕士学位论文.南京大学[D].2003.
[26] 管浩,张丽玲等.二氧化氯在水处理中的应用.氯碱化工[J].2002.1:36-37.
[27] 张胜华.水处理微生物学.2005:155-160;252-275.
[28] 纪轩.废水处理技术问答. 北京:中国石化出版社.2005:200-210.
[29] Huang J L, Tang Y L. Trihalomethane formation in water treated with chlorine dioxide[J]. Water Research,1996,78.6:2371-2385
[30] Aieta EM,Berg JD. J Am Water Works Asso,1986,78.6:62-72.
[31] 赵庆良、任南琪.水污染控制工程.北京:化学工业出版社.2005:20-30.
[32] Michael J R, Buxton G V. Chlorine dioxide water disinfection: a perspective epidemiology study[J]. Archives Environment Health,1981,36: 20-26.
[33] 王霞,杨萍.二氧化氯应用于水处理的探讨.河北建筑工程学院学报.2004,22.3:15-18.
[34] 石磊,石勇,石金声,于登文,陈强.二氧化氯在水体消毒及含氰电镀废水处理中的应用.材料保护.2003, 5.1:50-52.
[35] 陈书明,肖亚平.稳定性二氧化氯对病毒的消毒作用及应用.南京师大学报(自然科学版).2003,26.3:49-51.
[36] 李健,高沛峻.污水处理技术. 哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学出版社.2005:222-224.
[37] Arnold E.Greenberg. Public Health Aspects of Alternative Water disinfectants. J.AWWA.1981,69:31-33.
[38] 王永仪,李娜,徐伟等 . 二氧化氯消毒时三氯甲烷形成量的研究 . 环境科学.1995,16.4:32-34
[39] 黄君礼,李海波等.二氧化氯和液氯消毒饮用水致突变性的比较.环境化学,1998,17.4:381-387.
[40] Armenter J.Ll,Cristia J.et al.Pretreatment Options for Water With High Disinfection Byproducts Formation Potential. Water Supply 1998,16:543-550.
[41] K.S.Werdehoff,Philip C.Singer. Chlorine Dioxide Effects on THMFP,TOXFP and the Formation of Inorganic By-products.J.AWWA.1987,75:107-113.
[42] 徐丽,于晓英.二氧化氯消毒剂性能及其消毒副产物的毒性.辽宁化工.2003,32.9:386-388.
[43] Ogawa,Katsutoshi,Oyana,Masako. Removal of Residual Chlorine Dioxide from Tap Water by Adsorption.Jpn.Kokai.Tokkyo Koho.1996,22:4.
[44] 王永仪.二氧化氯及其在水处理中的应用.化工进展.1996,1:30-33.
[45] 张清敏.环境生物学实验技术. 北京:化学工业出版社,2005:80-82.
[46] 侯宏卫.稳定性二氧化氯的研究.硕士学位论文.南京理工大学[D].2002.
[47] 鲁秀国.二氧化氯的发生技术及其发生器的研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨建筑大学,1999.