陕西鲜食苹果国际竞争力研究
摘要
开拓国际市场,扩大出口贸易,是陕西鲜苹果产业做大做强的发展方向和必由之路。分析和评估陕西苹果的国际竞争能力,不仅可为政府采取合理的宏观经济政策提供客观依据,促使其生产和贸易结构的合理化,也有助于指导果农更好地面向世界市场进行生产经营活动。本文基于迈克尔波特的产业国际竞争力理论和比较优势理论,运用统计指数分析法和比较分析方法,试图对陕西苹果的国际竞争力的现状进行全面、准确、综合的判断;运用“钻石模型”分析影响苹果竞争力的间接因素,试图找出陕西苹果的竞争优势和该产业发展过程中存在的深层次的问题。
本文研究的思路和逻辑框架为:在对苹果生产与贸易发展现状评价的基础上,借鉴已有成果,构建鲜食苹果国际竞争力评价指标体系;运用以比较分析为主的方法,对陕西苹果国际竞争力进行客观评价与分析;以分析结果为基础,进一步分析和评价了影响陕西鲜食苹果国际竞争力的直接因素和间接因素;从提升陕西鲜食苹果产业国际竞争力角度,研究提升陕西鲜食苹果的措施。
本文分七个章节进行了研究:
第一章导论,分析了文章的研究背景、国内外研究动态,提出了本文研究思路、框架和方法。
第二章竞争力内涵分析,从分析竞争力、产业竞争力及农业竞争力的含义的出发,梳理出了陕西苹果竞争力研究的基本理论。
第三章苹果生产发展评价,为准确把握苹果国际市场环境及其竞争格局,本章系统分析了世界苹果的生产状况,主要包括世界苹果生产状况、世界主要苹果生产国、在此基础上,分析了中国和陕西苹果的生产状况。
第四章苹果贸易评价,本章系统分析世界苹果的贸易,主要包括世界苹果贸易状况,主要进出口国进出口状况、在此基础上分析了中国和陕西苹果的贸易状况。
第五章鲜食苹果国际竞争力评价,选择分析指标和构建分析框架,计算出世界各主要鲜苹果生产国鲜苹果的国际市场占有率、显示性比较优势指数和贸易竞争指数进行国际比较分析,全面的评价陕西鲜食苹果的国际竞争状况。
第六章鲜食苹果国际竞争力因素分析,本章根据陕西鲜食苹果产业发展的具体实际,把影响和决定陕西鲜苹果国际竞争力的内部产业因素分为两部分,即内部直接决定因素和内部深层次(间接)决定因素,直接因素主要是指价格、质量、信誉与品牌等;深层次因素主要是基于钻石模型的六因素分析。
第七章提升陕西鲜食苹果国际竞争力的途径和措施,通过对陕西鲜食苹果产业发展分析,指出了陕西鲜食苹果产业发展中存在的问题:一是整体质量不高,商品化处理率低;二是龙头企业不够强大,不能起到带动产业发展的作用;三是品牌管理混乱,品牌建设滞后;四是物流服务网络等相关支持产业发展滞后。针对相关问题,提出提升陕西鲜食苹果产业发展的对策建议:一是加强技术创新,实施标准化生产,提高苹果质量和安全水平;二是大力扶植龙头企业,实施产业化品牌化经营;三是建立健全的苹果供应链体系。
Enlarging the export trade as well as exploiting the international market of fresh apple and its processed product will be the directions and the only way to enlarge and strengthen this industry. Carefully analyzing and evaluating the competitiveness of Shaanxi fresh apple will provide the government with the objective basis to set up the reasonable macro-economic polices for promoting the rationalization of its structure of production and trade. It will also be helpful to instruct the local growers how to face the world market to take the activity of production. Based on industrial competitiveness theory of Michael E Porter and Comparative Advantage Theory, This paper is try to make a comprehensive assessment on current situation of Shanxi fresh apple competitiveness by using statistical indicators analytical method and comparative analysis, other task of this paper is try to find out indirect factor which have great influence on Shanxi fresh apple competitiveness and competitive advantage of Shanxi fresh apple as well as the deep-seated reason of apple industry.
The train of thought and logical framework in study is as follows: Firstly , on the basis of evaluating the Shanxi fresh apple production and trade development ,this paper draw on the achievements which have already been ,constructed the evaluation system of Shanxi fresh apple international competitiveness; And objectively evaluated and analyzed Shanxi fresh apple international competitiveness using comparative analysis; further analyzed and evaluated the direct and indirect factors of Shanxi fresh apple international competitiveness; Finaly,studied the developing strategy of Shanxi fresh apple industry, from the elevation of the Shanxi fresh apple industry international competitiveness.
This paper is planed for seven chapters, as follows:
The first chapter is about introduction. it mainly introduce research background, research trends of aboard and home. At the same time, this part described the ideas, framework and research methods of this article.
The second chapter aims at connotation of competitive strength. It is find out basic theories used to analyze Shanxi fresh apple competitiveness by understanding the connotations of competitiveness, industrial and agricultural competitiveness.
The third chapter includes evaluation of apple producing. For getting an exact understand of international market environment and its competitive landscape, this part make systematical analysis on the situation of world apple producing as well as main apple producing counties.
The main task of fourth chapter is making a systematical analysis of situation of world apple fresh trade. The main content of this part include situation of main export and import counties. Based on the analysis above, analyzing the trade situation of China and Shanxi is another main part of this chapter.
The fifth chapter chooses analysis indicators and establish analysis framework. it make a fully assess on Shanxi fresh apple competitiveness situation by computing and comparing MS index , RSCA index and NTB index of main apple producing counties and Shanxi.
The sixth chapter put more attention on factor analysis of Shanxi fresh apple. According to practical situation of Shanxi fresh apple industry, this part divided factors which determine Shanxi fresh apple competitive capacity into two parts included direct factor and indirect factor. The direct factor main included price quality reputation and brand. The analysis of indict factor is based on Michael Porter Diamond Model.
The seventh chapter main put forward measure to improve Shanxi fresh apple competitive capacity. According to basic analysis above, it finds out some problem which is bring out during development of Shanxi apple industry, including low quality low processing ratio of apple, leading enterprise is too small to support the development of this industry, brand management in confuse and logging of relative supporting industries such as logistic industry. There are some measure to solve the problems above.fistly;strengthening technological innovation, implementing standardized production to improve apple quality and security; supporting leading enterprise, implementing branding sales; establishing whole apple supply chain.
本文研究的思路和逻辑框架为:在对苹果生产与贸易发展现状评价的基础上,借鉴已有成果,构建鲜食苹果国际竞争力评价指标体系;运用以比较分析为主的方法,对陕西苹果国际竞争力进行客观评价与分析;以分析结果为基础,进一步分析和评价了影响陕西鲜食苹果国际竞争力的直接因素和间接因素;从提升陕西鲜食苹果产业国际竞争力角度,研究提升陕西鲜食苹果的措施。
本文分七个章节进行了研究:
第一章导论,分析了文章的研究背景、国内外研究动态,提出了本文研究思路、框架和方法。
第二章竞争力内涵分析,从分析竞争力、产业竞争力及农业竞争力的含义的出发,梳理出了陕西苹果竞争力研究的基本理论。
第三章苹果生产发展评价,为准确把握苹果国际市场环境及其竞争格局,本章系统分析了世界苹果的生产状况,主要包括世界苹果生产状况、世界主要苹果生产国、在此基础上,分析了中国和陕西苹果的生产状况。
第四章苹果贸易评价,本章系统分析世界苹果的贸易,主要包括世界苹果贸易状况,主要进出口国进出口状况、在此基础上分析了中国和陕西苹果的贸易状况。
第五章鲜食苹果国际竞争力评价,选择分析指标和构建分析框架,计算出世界各主要鲜苹果生产国鲜苹果的国际市场占有率、显示性比较优势指数和贸易竞争指数进行国际比较分析,全面的评价陕西鲜食苹果的国际竞争状况。
第六章鲜食苹果国际竞争力因素分析,本章根据陕西鲜食苹果产业发展的具体实际,把影响和决定陕西鲜苹果国际竞争力的内部产业因素分为两部分,即内部直接决定因素和内部深层次(间接)决定因素,直接因素主要是指价格、质量、信誉与品牌等;深层次因素主要是基于钻石模型的六因素分析。
第七章提升陕西鲜食苹果国际竞争力的途径和措施,通过对陕西鲜食苹果产业发展分析,指出了陕西鲜食苹果产业发展中存在的问题:一是整体质量不高,商品化处理率低;二是龙头企业不够强大,不能起到带动产业发展的作用;三是品牌管理混乱,品牌建设滞后;四是物流服务网络等相关支持产业发展滞后。针对相关问题,提出提升陕西鲜食苹果产业发展的对策建议:一是加强技术创新,实施标准化生产,提高苹果质量和安全水平;二是大力扶植龙头企业,实施产业化品牌化经营;三是建立健全的苹果供应链体系。
Enlarging the export trade as well as exploiting the international market of fresh apple and its processed product will be the directions and the only way to enlarge and strengthen this industry. Carefully analyzing and evaluating the competitiveness of Shaanxi fresh apple will provide the government with the objective basis to set up the reasonable macro-economic polices for promoting the rationalization of its structure of production and trade. It will also be helpful to instruct the local growers how to face the world market to take the activity of production. Based on industrial competitiveness theory of Michael E Porter and Comparative Advantage Theory, This paper is try to make a comprehensive assessment on current situation of Shanxi fresh apple competitiveness by using statistical indicators analytical method and comparative analysis, other task of this paper is try to find out indirect factor which have great influence on Shanxi fresh apple competitiveness and competitive advantage of Shanxi fresh apple as well as the deep-seated reason of apple industry.
The train of thought and logical framework in study is as follows: Firstly , on the basis of evaluating the Shanxi fresh apple production and trade development ,this paper draw on the achievements which have already been ,constructed the evaluation system of Shanxi fresh apple international competitiveness; And objectively evaluated and analyzed Shanxi fresh apple international competitiveness using comparative analysis; further analyzed and evaluated the direct and indirect factors of Shanxi fresh apple international competitiveness; Finaly,studied the developing strategy of Shanxi fresh apple industry, from the elevation of the Shanxi fresh apple industry international competitiveness.
This paper is planed for seven chapters, as follows:
The first chapter is about introduction. it mainly introduce research background, research trends of aboard and home. At the same time, this part described the ideas, framework and research methods of this article.
The second chapter aims at connotation of competitive strength. It is find out basic theories used to analyze Shanxi fresh apple competitiveness by understanding the connotations of competitiveness, industrial and agricultural competitiveness.
The third chapter includes evaluation of apple producing. For getting an exact understand of international market environment and its competitive landscape, this part make systematical analysis on the situation of world apple producing as well as main apple producing counties.
The main task of fourth chapter is making a systematical analysis of situation of world apple fresh trade. The main content of this part include situation of main export and import counties. Based on the analysis above, analyzing the trade situation of China and Shanxi is another main part of this chapter.
The fifth chapter chooses analysis indicators and establish analysis framework. it make a fully assess on Shanxi fresh apple competitiveness situation by computing and comparing MS index , RSCA index and NTB index of main apple producing counties and Shanxi.
The sixth chapter put more attention on factor analysis of Shanxi fresh apple. According to practical situation of Shanxi fresh apple industry, this part divided factors which determine Shanxi fresh apple competitive capacity into two parts included direct factor and indirect factor. The direct factor main included price quality reputation and brand. The analysis of indict factor is based on Michael Porter Diamond Model.
The seventh chapter main put forward measure to improve Shanxi fresh apple competitive capacity. According to basic analysis above, it finds out some problem which is bring out during development of Shanxi apple industry, including low quality low processing ratio of apple, leading enterprise is too small to support the development of this industry, brand management in confuse and logging of relative supporting industries such as logistic industry. There are some measure to solve the problems above.fistly;strengthening technological innovation, implementing standardized production to improve apple quality and security; supporting leading enterprise, implementing branding sales; establishing whole apple supply chain.
引文
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[2]张亚斌.《内生比较优势理论与中国贸易结构转换》[M].中国经济出版社2006.12
[3]贝蒂尔,奥林.地区间贸易和国际贸易(王继祖译)[M].北京:首都经济贸易大学出版社,2001
[4] B.Ohn. Interregional and International Trade,[M]Cambridge, Mass. Harvard University Press,1993
[5] J.H.Dunning,A.Rugman. The Influence of Hytners Dissertation On Theories of PDI,[J]American Economic Review ,May 1985,PP. 282-232.
[6]小艾尔弗雷德·D.钱德勒.企业规模经济和范围经济——工业资本主义的原动力[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社, 1999年2月版
[7]查尔斯·汉普登·特纳等.国家竞争力——创造财富的价值体系. [M]海口:海南出版社,1997年版
[8]安德鲁·坎贝尔等.战略协同[M].任海通,等译.北京:机械工业出版社,2000
[9]相丽玲,汤亮亮,薛全胜.知识竞争力的构成要素及其模型[J]理论与探索2008(4)
[10]霍国庆.企业战略信息管理[M].北京:科学出版社,2001
[11] Huggins R.The word knowledge competitiveness index[R].2005
[12]乔娟,李秉龙.中国农产品国际竞争力研究[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社2006
[13]狄昂照,吴明录,韩松,李正平.国际竞争力[M]。北京:改革出版社, 1992年版
[14]金碚.中国工业国际竞争力——理论、方法和实证研究[M].经济管理出版社, 1997年6月版
[15]裴长洪.利用外资与产业竞争力[M].北京:社会科学文献出版社,1998年6月版
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