西藏伦坡拉盆地古近系层序地层学及岩性圏闭研究
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摘要
青藏地区作为世界上油气资源极为丰富的特提斯构造域的重要组成部分，是潜在的、面积巨大的油气勘探领域。近年来，青藏地区油气勘探在我国能源战略接替基地中的作用日益增大。青藏地区发育众多的、大小不等的新生代陆相盆地，目前已证实伦坡拉、尼玛、洞错、沱沱河等盆地具有成油条件。伦坡拉盆地是西藏唯一获得油气突破的含油气盆地。本文立足于伦坡拉盆地油气勘探实践，在对盆地构造格架研究的基础上，通过建立研究区的层序地层格架，对层序结构和沉积体系分布及其演化进行系统研究，建立沉积砂体的分布和预测模式，同时结合油气成藏条件、勘探成果及所揭示的油气藏分布规律，建立油气成藏模式，预测油气勘探有利区带，对下一步油气藏勘探具有一定的指导意义。
论文以层序地层学最新进展为理论基础，通过对伦坡拉盆地内的地震、钻井、测井、岩心以及古生物等资料的综合研究，依据层序界面特征，将古近系地层划分为2个二级层序、5个三级层序，总结了该区层序界面的成因类型以及湖盆层序地层格架特征。在等时层序地层格架下，确定研究区主要发育冲积扇、扇三角洲、辫状河流相、湖底扇和湖泊沉积等5种沉积体系。系统研究了沉积体系的时空展布规律，建立了沉积演化模式，直观地再现沉积演变过程。
论文系统分析了伦坡拉盆地构造特征及其构造演化，确定伦坡拉盆地经历了初始断陷期、断陷扩张期、断陷萎缩期和隆升改造期演化过程。
伦坡拉盆地发育压扭性和张扭性两种性质的断裂，其中压扭性断裂主要发育于盆地北缘，其次为南缘，呈北西西向延伸，断面北倾或南倾，他们是盆地后期改造过程中的新生断裂或由成盆期正断层反转而成；张扭性断裂主要见于盆地南缘和盆地内部，由北西西和北东东两组走向，断面北倾或西倾为主，他们可能在成盆期就已存在，由于断裂分割，伦坡拉盆地总体表现为南北分带、东西分段（块）的“哑铃状”构造面貌，盆地自东向西逐渐加深。
综合分析生储盖等石油地质条件，总结油气富集规律，划分了3个油气成藏动力学系统，预测了岩性圈闭的有利区带。指出中央坳陷带的蒋日阿错至东部的江加错及N-4井和L-5井之间地区是扇三角洲前缘相发育的地区，以及盆地西部的半深湖-深湖沉积的地区最有可能发育浊积岩相，应为下一步勘探的重点。
Tibetan Plateau is located in the eastern part of Tethys and has potential for oil andgas exploration. In recent years, as one of the strategic replacement bases of energy inChina, it has been receiving much attention. Cenozoic continental basins, containingLunpola, Nima, Dongcuo and Tuotuohe basin, have been proved with hydrocarbongenatation conditions. Lunpola basin in central Tibet covers an area of some3600km2and is the highest petroliferous basins in the world with average elevation ofabout4600meters. This article is based on the petroleum exploration practice ofLunpola basin. Under the research of basin tectonic framework, through establishedthe sequence stratigraphic framework of the area, sequence structure and sedimentarysystem distribution and evolution were analyzed. Distribution and prediction model ofsedimentary sand bodies were built. Petroleum geology was also researched. We alsopredicted good hydrocarbon accumulation area. It is importance of next oilexploration in Lunpola basin.
This paper takes the latest development of sequence stratigraphy as researchmethods. According to the comprehensive materials of seismic、drilling、logging、cores and paleontology in the Lunpola basin, also used on the characteristics ofsequence boundary, two second-order sequence and five third-order sequence wereidentified. We also summarized the genetic type of sequence boundary and sequencestratigraphic framework characteristics of the Lunpola basin. On the base ofisochronous stratigraphic framework, we had determined five sedimentary systems, asalluvial fan, fan delta, braided river delta, sublacustrine fan, lake. We alsoreconstructed the process of sedimentary evolution.
Structural features and tectonic evolution were analyzised systemly. Lunpolabasin experienced four stages including the initial rift, rift expension, rift contractionand basin transformation period.
Both normal and thrust fractures exist in the Lunpola basin. Thrust fracturesmainly develop in northern part of the basin. Normal fractures mainly exist in thecenter of the basin. Due to these fractures, Lunpola basin was divided into three partsfrom north to south including overthrusting area, central depression and uplift zone.
On the base of sequence stratigraphic analysis, we studied hydrocarbonaccumulation condition characteristics of Lunpola basin by petroleum geology theory,contains source rock characteristics, reservoir characteristics, source reservoir cap assemblage characteristics, hydrocarbon migration and aggregation characteristics,trapping characteristics and other field inhydrocarbon accumulation process, analyzedthe controlling factors of hydrocarbon distribution pattern and enrichment, built thehydrocarbon accumulation model. We predicted two favorable hydrocarbonexploration zones: Jiangriacuo to Jiangjiacuo zone in the central depresssin and thearea between well N-4and L-5. We had determined two concrete exploration targetsincluding fan delta front facies and turbidite face.
论文以层序地层学最新进展为理论基础，通过对伦坡拉盆地内的地震、钻井、测井、岩心以及古生物等资料的综合研究，依据层序界面特征，将古近系地层划分为2个二级层序、5个三级层序，总结了该区层序界面的成因类型以及湖盆层序地层格架特征。在等时层序地层格架下，确定研究区主要发育冲积扇、扇三角洲、辫状河流相、湖底扇和湖泊沉积等5种沉积体系。系统研究了沉积体系的时空展布规律，建立了沉积演化模式，直观地再现沉积演变过程。
论文系统分析了伦坡拉盆地构造特征及其构造演化，确定伦坡拉盆地经历了初始断陷期、断陷扩张期、断陷萎缩期和隆升改造期演化过程。
伦坡拉盆地发育压扭性和张扭性两种性质的断裂，其中压扭性断裂主要发育于盆地北缘，其次为南缘，呈北西西向延伸，断面北倾或南倾，他们是盆地后期改造过程中的新生断裂或由成盆期正断层反转而成；张扭性断裂主要见于盆地南缘和盆地内部，由北西西和北东东两组走向，断面北倾或西倾为主，他们可能在成盆期就已存在，由于断裂分割，伦坡拉盆地总体表现为南北分带、东西分段（块）的“哑铃状”构造面貌，盆地自东向西逐渐加深。
综合分析生储盖等石油地质条件，总结油气富集规律，划分了3个油气成藏动力学系统，预测了岩性圈闭的有利区带。指出中央坳陷带的蒋日阿错至东部的江加错及N-4井和L-5井之间地区是扇三角洲前缘相发育的地区，以及盆地西部的半深湖-深湖沉积的地区最有可能发育浊积岩相，应为下一步勘探的重点。
Tibetan Plateau is located in the eastern part of Tethys and has potential for oil andgas exploration. In recent years, as one of the strategic replacement bases of energy inChina, it has been receiving much attention. Cenozoic continental basins, containingLunpola, Nima, Dongcuo and Tuotuohe basin, have been proved with hydrocarbongenatation conditions. Lunpola basin in central Tibet covers an area of some3600km2and is the highest petroliferous basins in the world with average elevation ofabout4600meters. This article is based on the petroleum exploration practice ofLunpola basin. Under the research of basin tectonic framework, through establishedthe sequence stratigraphic framework of the area, sequence structure and sedimentarysystem distribution and evolution were analyzed. Distribution and prediction model ofsedimentary sand bodies were built. Petroleum geology was also researched. We alsopredicted good hydrocarbon accumulation area. It is importance of next oilexploration in Lunpola basin.
This paper takes the latest development of sequence stratigraphy as researchmethods. According to the comprehensive materials of seismic、drilling、logging、cores and paleontology in the Lunpola basin, also used on the characteristics ofsequence boundary, two second-order sequence and five third-order sequence wereidentified. We also summarized the genetic type of sequence boundary and sequencestratigraphic framework characteristics of the Lunpola basin. On the base ofisochronous stratigraphic framework, we had determined five sedimentary systems, asalluvial fan, fan delta, braided river delta, sublacustrine fan, lake. We alsoreconstructed the process of sedimentary evolution.
Structural features and tectonic evolution were analyzised systemly. Lunpolabasin experienced four stages including the initial rift, rift expension, rift contractionand basin transformation period.
Both normal and thrust fractures exist in the Lunpola basin. Thrust fracturesmainly develop in northern part of the basin. Normal fractures mainly exist in thecenter of the basin. Due to these fractures, Lunpola basin was divided into three partsfrom north to south including overthrusting area, central depression and uplift zone.
On the base of sequence stratigraphic analysis, we studied hydrocarbonaccumulation condition characteristics of Lunpola basin by petroleum geology theory,contains source rock characteristics, reservoir characteristics, source reservoir cap assemblage characteristics, hydrocarbon migration and aggregation characteristics,trapping characteristics and other field inhydrocarbon accumulation process, analyzedthe controlling factors of hydrocarbon distribution pattern and enrichment, built thehydrocarbon accumulation model. We predicted two favorable hydrocarbonexploration zones: Jiangriacuo to Jiangjiacuo zone in the central depresssin and thearea between well N-4and L-5. We had determined two concrete exploration targetsincluding fan delta front facies and turbidite face.
引文
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