施氮对加工番茄养分吸收、分配及产量品质的影响
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摘要
本研究设置N0(不施氮)、N1(150 kg/hm~2)、N2(300 kg/hm~2)和N3(450 kg/hm~2)四个氮水平进行田间小区实验,测定各小区各时期加工番茄植株体内不同器官的氮、磷、钾含量及果实的各项品质参数,并结合产量数据、各时期叶柄硝酸盐浓度,探讨施氮对加工番茄养分吸收、分配及产量品质的影响。主要研究结论如下:
1.施氮量不同影响加工番茄各个生育阶段的养分积累分配及总的积累量,但不影响总的积累趋势。加工番茄养分积累动态呈“S”型增长,苗期积累缓慢,初花期积累加快,盛果前期达到顶峰,积累呈直线增加,盛果期后又减缓下来。
2.加工番茄对氮钾需求量远大于磷;施氮可以极大的促进加工番茄对氮磷钾的吸收,各施氮处理比不施氮处理多吸收氮75.8%～189.2%,多吸磷82.1%～162.7%,多吸钾104.9%～176.8%;并且一定的施氮范围内,加工番茄对氮磷钾吸收量随施氮量增加而增加,过量施氮反而有减少趋势;过量施氮可以延长加工番茄旺盛生长期,造成贪青晚熟。
3.加工番茄施用氮肥增产增收效果显著,优化施氮处理(N2)经济产量95 259 kg/hm~2,是不施氮处理的2倍多,增产50 812 kg/hm~2,增收27 303元/hm~2。叶柄硝酸盐浓度在一定范围内随施氮量的增加而增大,经过校检,认为盛果前期作为加工番茄营养诊断时期最为合理,其诊断临界值为4 182 mg/kg;初步建立了加工番茄植株体内硝酸盐含量诊断的追肥模型。
4.合理施用氮肥可以改善加工番茄的营养品质,但过量施用氮肥反而会使营养品质下降;糖酸比(风味品质)随施氮量的增加而变小,以不施氮最佳。
Field plot experiment was conducted by modified nitrogen application(NO-no N,N1- 150 kg/hm~2, N2-300 kg/hm~2 and N3- 450 kg/hm~2) on tomato in this study.The objective of the study is to measure the contents of N,P and K in different organs of the plant during the different organ nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium,and to measure the quality of tomato parameters.The results combined with the outputs the concentrations of nitrate during different periods of leaves,the effects of nitrogen application on absorption and distribution of nutrition and yield-quality on processing tomato was investigated.The main results are as follows:
1.The nutrient accumulation and distribution of the accumulated of total volume in various stages of the processing of tomatoes were affected by different nitrogen fertilizer rate,while the trend of the accumulation of total nutrient was not affected.The nutrient accumulation of processing tomato was represented as "S"-type.The accumulation rate was slow during seedling stage,was to accelerate during early flowering,and was fastest before the prolific period.Then,the accumulation rate was slow down.
2.The demands of N and K were far greater than that of P for the processing tomato;Nitrogen application can greatly promote the absorption of nitrogen of the processing tomato.The absorption of N, P and K in N treatment were 75.8%~189.2%,82.1%~162.7%and 104.9%~176.8%more that in no N treatment,respectively.Among a certain scope of N contents,the absorption of N,P and K of processing tomato were increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate,while the absorption rates were decreased with too much nitrogen.Excessive nitrogen will extend the period of strong growth of the processing tomato.
3.The outputs of Tomato was obviously increased by nitrogen fertilizer application.The economic output was 95259 kg/hm~2 by reasonable application of nitrogen(N2),which was a twice time more than that of N0.The increase production was 50812 kg/hm~2,while increase income was 27,303 yuan/hm~2.The nitrate concentration of petiole was increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate.However,After the pilot schools found that before the prolific period nutritional diagnosis of processing tomato as a more reasonable period of time,the diagnostic critical values is 4182 mg/kg.
4.Reasonable application of nitrogen can improve the nutritional quality of processed tomatoes, while excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer results the decrease of the nutritional quality.The more nitrogen is added,the lower the proportion of sugar-acid is.Therefore,it's best not to apply nitrogen.
1.施氮量不同影响加工番茄各个生育阶段的养分积累分配及总的积累量,但不影响总的积累趋势。加工番茄养分积累动态呈“S”型增长,苗期积累缓慢,初花期积累加快,盛果前期达到顶峰,积累呈直线增加,盛果期后又减缓下来。
2.加工番茄对氮钾需求量远大于磷;施氮可以极大的促进加工番茄对氮磷钾的吸收,各施氮处理比不施氮处理多吸收氮75.8%～189.2%,多吸磷82.1%～162.7%,多吸钾104.9%～176.8%;并且一定的施氮范围内,加工番茄对氮磷钾吸收量随施氮量增加而增加,过量施氮反而有减少趋势;过量施氮可以延长加工番茄旺盛生长期,造成贪青晚熟。
3.加工番茄施用氮肥增产增收效果显著,优化施氮处理(N2)经济产量95 259 kg/hm~2,是不施氮处理的2倍多,增产50 812 kg/hm~2,增收27 303元/hm~2。叶柄硝酸盐浓度在一定范围内随施氮量的增加而增大,经过校检,认为盛果前期作为加工番茄营养诊断时期最为合理,其诊断临界值为4 182 mg/kg;初步建立了加工番茄植株体内硝酸盐含量诊断的追肥模型。
4.合理施用氮肥可以改善加工番茄的营养品质,但过量施用氮肥反而会使营养品质下降;糖酸比(风味品质)随施氮量的增加而变小,以不施氮最佳。
Field plot experiment was conducted by modified nitrogen application(NO-no N,N1- 150 kg/hm~2, N2-300 kg/hm~2 and N3- 450 kg/hm~2) on tomato in this study.The objective of the study is to measure the contents of N,P and K in different organs of the plant during the different organ nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium,and to measure the quality of tomato parameters.The results combined with the outputs the concentrations of nitrate during different periods of leaves,the effects of nitrogen application on absorption and distribution of nutrition and yield-quality on processing tomato was investigated.The main results are as follows:
1.The nutrient accumulation and distribution of the accumulated of total volume in various stages of the processing of tomatoes were affected by different nitrogen fertilizer rate,while the trend of the accumulation of total nutrient was not affected.The nutrient accumulation of processing tomato was represented as "S"-type.The accumulation rate was slow during seedling stage,was to accelerate during early flowering,and was fastest before the prolific period.Then,the accumulation rate was slow down.
2.The demands of N and K were far greater than that of P for the processing tomato;Nitrogen application can greatly promote the absorption of nitrogen of the processing tomato.The absorption of N, P and K in N treatment were 75.8%~189.2%,82.1%~162.7%and 104.9%~176.8%more that in no N treatment,respectively.Among a certain scope of N contents,the absorption of N,P and K of processing tomato were increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate,while the absorption rates were decreased with too much nitrogen.Excessive nitrogen will extend the period of strong growth of the processing tomato.
3.The outputs of Tomato was obviously increased by nitrogen fertilizer application.The economic output was 95259 kg/hm~2 by reasonable application of nitrogen(N2),which was a twice time more than that of N0.The increase production was 50812 kg/hm~2,while increase income was 27,303 yuan/hm~2.The nitrate concentration of petiole was increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate.However,After the pilot schools found that before the prolific period nutritional diagnosis of processing tomato as a more reasonable period of time,the diagnostic critical values is 4182 mg/kg.
4.Reasonable application of nitrogen can improve the nutritional quality of processed tomatoes, while excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer results the decrease of the nutritional quality.The more nitrogen is added,the lower the proportion of sugar-acid is.Therefore,it's best not to apply nitrogen.
引文
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