组织文化对个人知识组织化成本的影响研究
|
摘要
在知识经济时代,知识成为企业发展重要的战略性资源,企业的知识管理是一项艰巨而又复杂的任务。个人作为组织知识的最根本来源,是组织打造核心竞争力的基础,了解个人知识如何有效地向组织转移具有重要的现实意义。所以,个人知识组织化是近年来知识管理研究领域的热点,个人知识组织化成本是其中一个研究角度。个人知识组织化成本越小,个人知识组织化的频率和效率就越高。本文旨在从组织文化角度寻找降低个人知识组织化成本的有效措施,试图为企业高效地实现个人知识组织化,进而培育独特的知识资本优势提供思路和指南。
本文以个人知识组织化成本为研究对象,鉴于对以往国内外相关文献的回顾,把组织文化分为支持导向型、创新导向型、规则导向型、目标导向型四种类型,分别探索这四种类型组织文化对发送成本、接受成本和管理成本的影响程度。根据本文建立的概念模型,提出12个研究假设。采用问卷调查的形式收集数据,通过SPSS14.0统计软件进行因子分析、相关分析、回归分析等实证分析方法验证所提出的假设。在理论和实证结合的基础上得出本文结论:支持导向型组织文化、创新导向型组织文化与个人知识组织化成本负向相关,规则导向型、目标导向型组织文化与个人知识组织化成本正向相关。
本文最后根据结论提出了降低个人知识组织化成本的对策,并对进一步研究方向进行了展望。
In the times of knowledge economy, knowledge has become the important strategic resources for the business development .The knowledge management is a difficult and complex task. As the fundamental source of the organization knowledge, individual is the base of building the core competitiveness of the organization. So understanding how the individual effectively transfer the know to the organization is significant on reality. Therefore, organization of individual knowledge is a hot area of research on knowledge management in recent years .The cost of the organization of the individual knowledge is one of the study point. The smaller of the cost of the organization of individual knowledge, the higher of the frequency and efficiency of the organization of individual knowledge. Finding the effective measures to lower the cost of organization of individual knowledge from the perspective of organizational cultural is the purpose of this paper .And it try to provid ideas to help enterprises to foster unique advantage of the knowledge capital to occupy the market.
The paper is focused on the cost of the organization of individual knowledge .Based on the review of past domestic and foreign literature, organizational culture is divided into supportion-oriented, innovation-oriented, rules-oriented, goal-oriented .Then explore the influence of the four type of organizational culture on the cost of send, receive and manage the knowledge . We bring forward tweleve hypothesis according to the established mode. We collect data by using questionnaire. Then adopt factor analysis, correlation analysis, regression analysis and other empirical analysis through SPSS14.0 statistical software to verify the mode. Combining theoretical and empirical studies,we find the conclusions: supportion-oriented organizational culture and innovation-oriented organizational culture related negatively to the cost of organazation of individual knowledge, rules-orientedand goal-oriented organizational culture related positively to the cost of.
At the end of this paper, we put forward the suggestion of reducing the cost of organazation of individual knowledge according to the conclusions,and give prospect for next research aspect.
本文以个人知识组织化成本为研究对象,鉴于对以往国内外相关文献的回顾,把组织文化分为支持导向型、创新导向型、规则导向型、目标导向型四种类型,分别探索这四种类型组织文化对发送成本、接受成本和管理成本的影响程度。根据本文建立的概念模型,提出12个研究假设。采用问卷调查的形式收集数据,通过SPSS14.0统计软件进行因子分析、相关分析、回归分析等实证分析方法验证所提出的假设。在理论和实证结合的基础上得出本文结论:支持导向型组织文化、创新导向型组织文化与个人知识组织化成本负向相关,规则导向型、目标导向型组织文化与个人知识组织化成本正向相关。
本文最后根据结论提出了降低个人知识组织化成本的对策,并对进一步研究方向进行了展望。
In the times of knowledge economy, knowledge has become the important strategic resources for the business development .The knowledge management is a difficult and complex task. As the fundamental source of the organization knowledge, individual is the base of building the core competitiveness of the organization. So understanding how the individual effectively transfer the know to the organization is significant on reality. Therefore, organization of individual knowledge is a hot area of research on knowledge management in recent years .The cost of the organization of the individual knowledge is one of the study point. The smaller of the cost of the organization of individual knowledge, the higher of the frequency and efficiency of the organization of individual knowledge. Finding the effective measures to lower the cost of organization of individual knowledge from the perspective of organizational cultural is the purpose of this paper .And it try to provid ideas to help enterprises to foster unique advantage of the knowledge capital to occupy the market.
The paper is focused on the cost of the organization of individual knowledge .Based on the review of past domestic and foreign literature, organizational culture is divided into supportion-oriented, innovation-oriented, rules-oriented, goal-oriented .Then explore the influence of the four type of organizational culture on the cost of send, receive and manage the knowledge . We bring forward tweleve hypothesis according to the established mode. We collect data by using questionnaire. Then adopt factor analysis, correlation analysis, regression analysis and other empirical analysis through SPSS14.0 statistical software to verify the mode. Combining theoretical and empirical studies,we find the conclusions: supportion-oriented organizational culture and innovation-oriented organizational culture related negatively to the cost of organazation of individual knowledge, rules-orientedand goal-oriented organizational culture related positively to the cost of.
At the end of this paper, we put forward the suggestion of reducing the cost of organazation of individual knowledge according to the conclusions,and give prospect for next research aspect.
引文
2 资料来源:Goh,S.C.Managing effective knowledge transfer:an integrative framework and some practice implications.Journal of Knowledge Management,2002,6(1):23-30
3赵希男,刘磊等.知识的组织化内涵及其效果分析[M].科学学与科学技术管理,2004(10),P51
4许强,郑胜华.母子公司的知识转移关系和管理权分配.科技进步与对策[M].2005(4),P97
5马骏,仲伟周等.基于知识转移情境的知识转移成本影响因素的分析.北京工商大学学报(社会科学版).2007(5):P106
6马明峰.组织文化测评的方法与工具.江苏商论[J].2007(2):P120-123
[1]Albino Vito, Garavelli Claudio& Schiuma Giovanni. Knowledge Transfer and Inter-firm Relationships in Industrial Districts: The role of the leader firm[J].Technovation, Amsterdam: Jan 1999, Vol.19, Iss.1: 53
[2]Andra Jones. Employee Rights, Employee Responsibilities and Knowledge Sharing in Intelligent Organization[J]. Employee Responsibilities and Right Journal, 2002, 14(2/3): 15-21
[3]Argote L& Ingram.P. Knowledge transfer: a basis for competitive advantage in firms[J]. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 2000,82(1): 150-169
[4]Cameron K S ,Quinn R E. Diagnosing and Changing Organizational Culture :Based on The Competing Values Framework[M]. New York : Addison -Wesley Press ,1999
[5]Crossman M.M., Lane H.W.& White R.E.. An Organizational Learning Framework:from Intuition to Institution[J]. Academy of Management Review, 1999(24):54-67
[6]David Malone.Knowledge management: model for organizational learning[J]. International Journa of Accounting Information Systems 2002(3):111-123.
[7]Dixon, N.M. Common knowledge: how companies thrive by sharing what they know[M]. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2000: 79
[8]Epple D., Argote L.& Devadas R. Organizational learning curves: a method for investigation intra-plant transfer of knowledge acquired through learning by doing [J]. Organization Science, 1991(2): 58-70
[9]Harrison J R ,Carroll G R. Modeling Organizational Culture : Demography and Influence Networks[A]. C L Cooper, S Cartwright ,P C Earley. The International Hand Book of Organizational Culture and Climate[C]. New York :Wiley ,2001
[10]Hedlund Gunnar. A Model of Knowledge Management and the N-Form Corporation[J]. Strategy Management Jounral, 1994(15): 73-90
[11]Kelley, H., J. Thibaut. Interpersonal Relations [M].John Wiley and Sons, New York. 1979.201-212.
[12]Kogut B , Zander U. What firms do ? Coordination, Identity, and Learning[J ].Organization Science, 1996(5) :502 —518.
[13]Kotabe A, Martin X& Domoto H. Gaining from Vertical Partnerships:Knowledge Transfer, Relationship Duration, and Supplier Performance Improvement in the U.S and Japanese Automotive Industries[J]. Strategic Management Journal, 2003, 24(4): 293-316
[14]Margit Osteriohl& Bruno S. Frey. Motivation, knowledge transfer, and organization forms [J]. Organization Science, 2000, 11(5): 54-77
[15]Monge Peter. Communication Structures and Processes in Globalization[J].Journal of Comunication, 1998 (4)
[16]Nonaka Ikujiro. A Dynamic Theory of Organizational Knowledge Creation [J] .Organization Science, 1994(2) :14 -37
[17]Nonaka,Ikujiro. The Knowledge-creating Company[J]. Harvard Business Review, 1991(6): 96-105
[18]Nonaka. A Dynamic Theory of Organizational Knowledge Creation[J].Organization Science, 1994(1): 14-24.
[19]Prahald C.K.& Hamel Gray. The core competence of the corporation[J]. Harvard Business Review, 1990(3/4): 9-91
[20]Reagans, R.& McEvily, B., Network structure and knowledge transfer: The effects of cohesion and range[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly. 2003. 48:240- 267.
[21] Shu Hsien Liao. Knowledge management technologies and applications literature review from 1995 to 2002[J]. Expert Systems with Applications, 2003(25):155-164
[22]Simonin.B.L. An empirical investigation of the process of knowledge transfer in international strategic alliances[J]. Journal of International Business Studies,2004, 35(5): 407-427
[23]Szulanski G. Exploring internal stickiness: Implediments to the transfer of best practice within the firm[J]. Strategic Management Journal, 1996, 17(Win):27-43
[24]Szulanski. The process of knowledge transfer: a diachronic analysis of sitckiness[J]. Organizational behavior and human decision processes, 2000,82(2): 9-27
[25]Thomas Kalling. Organization-internal Transfer of Knowledge and the Role of Motivation : A Qualitative Case Study[J]. Knowledge and Process Management, 2003, 10(2): 115-126
[26]Zander. K& Kogut.B. Knowledge and the Speed of the Transfer and Imitation of Organizational Capabilities:An Empirical Test[J].Organization Science 1995,6(1):76-92.
[27]Kim S.Cameron&Robert E.Quinn.谢晓龙译.Diagnosing and Changing Organizaional culture Based on the Competing Values Framework(组织文化诊断与变革)[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社
[28]彼得·德鲁克.知识管理/哈佛商业评论[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,1999
[29]陈欣,和金生.个人知识与组织知识相互转化的机理与机制[J].中国地质大学学报(社会科学版),2004,4(6):10-14
[30]陈志军,许松.试论企业的隐性知识共享[J].生产力研究,2007,22:128-130
[31]杜跃平,路璇.个人知识组织化的约束因素及动态模型[J].先电子科技大学学报(社会科学版),2008,18(2):36-39
[32]房宝金,吉九明.2000-2006年我国知识转移研究论文文献计量分析[J].科技情报开发与经济,2007(11):216-218
[33]高祥宇,卫民堂和李伟.人际信任对知识转移促进作用的研究[J].科研管理,2005,26(6):106-114
[34]高祥宇,卫民堂和李伟.信任促进两人层次知识转移的机制的研究[J].科学学研究,2005,23(3):394-400
[35]何小萍,栗慧.知识管理的基点:知识管理与组织文化[J].浙江树人大学学报,2004,4(4):45-47
[36]江文年,杨建梅.企业知识管理中的组织与文化建设[J].经济论坛,2005.6:78-79
[37]李丹.学习型文化对知识转移过程的影响[D].硕士学位论文,大连理工大学,2007
[38]李纲,田鑫.企业文化与企业内部隐性知识转移的关系研究[J].情报杂志,2007(2):4-6
[39]李勇,屠梅曾.企业内部知识管理中的知识共享问题分析[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2002.6:72-74
[40]刘丽萍.论企业内部知识共享的成本、效益和激励机制[M].商业研究,2006.8:98-101
[41]马骏,仲伟周和陈燕.基于知识转移情境的知识转移成本影响因素分析[J].北京工商大学学报(社会科学版),2007,22(3):102-108
[42]马明峰.组织文化测评的方法与工具[J].江苏商论,2007.2:120-122
[43]马庆国,徐青和廖振鹏.知识转移的影响因素分析[J].北京理工大学学报(社会科学版),2006,8(1):40-43
[44]马永坤.知识经济模式下的组织文化建设[J].当代经济,2007(11):40-41
[45]秦世亮,万威武和朱莉欣.个人知识和企业知识创造[J].研究与发展管理,2004,16(1):55-60
[46]任荣.企业知识转移效果的评价[J].科技情报开发与经济,2005,15(4):220-221
[47]邵翔.企业内部隐性知识转移的障碍及对策分析[J].连云港职业技术学院学报,2006,19(3):56-58
[48]苏延云.知识转移的障碍及应对策略[J].科技情报开发与经济,2006,16(5):194-195
[49]孙爱英,李垣和任峰.组织文化与技术创新方式的关系研究[J].科学学研究,2004(4)
[50]孙建国.论知识经济条件下知识型员工的激励[J].前沿,2001(3):8-12
[51]汤晓峰.企业创建学习型文化的路径探讨[J].企业经济,2008(1):77-79
[52]特雷斯·E·迪尔,阿伦·A·肯尼迪.唐铁军,叶永青译.企业文化:现代企业的精神支柱[M].上海:上海科学技术文献出版社,1989
[53]汪丁丁.知识沿时间和空间的互补性以及相关的经济学[J].经济研究,1997(6):70-78.
[54]王娟茹,赵嵩正和杨瑾.隐性知识共享模型与机制研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2004(10):65-68
[55]王开明,万君康.论知识的转移与扩散[J].外国经济与管理,2000,25(10):2-7
[56]王立生.论战略联盟视角的企业知识获取与转移障碍[J].山西财经大学学报,2004,26(4):90-95
[57]王明娟.组织文化对组织学习能力影响的实证研究[D].硕士学位论文,大连理工大学,2007
[58]王毅,吴贵生.产学研合作中粘滞知识的成因与转移机制研究[J].科研管理,2001,22(6):114-121
[59]魏长生.营造知识共享的企业文化[J].有色冶金设计与研究,2004,25(4):84-87
[60]魏江,王铜安.个体、群组、组织问知识转移影响因素的实证研究[J].科学学研究,2006.2:91-97
[61]伍晓玲,周明.组织内部的知识转移及其困难研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2004(12)
[62]徐金发,许强和顾惊雷.企业知识转移的情境分析模型[J].科研管理,2003(3):54-60
[63]徐锐.促进企业知识转移的人力资源管理[M].情报杂志,2005(5):5-7
[64]薛丽莉.个人向组织知识转移影响因素研究[D].浙江工业大学,硕士学位论文,2007.12
[65]闫举纲,梁工谦.组织文化变革中的隐形知识转移研究[M].情报杂志,2007(12):60-65
[66]易发敏.提高组织知识转移效率的策略探讨[J].理论探索,2005.4:41-43
[67]张钢,许庆瑞.文化类型、企业结构与企业技术创新[J].科研管理,1996(5)
[68]张怀世.研发人员知识转移的障碍分析[J].科学论坛,2007
[69]张军.企业内部知识有效转移障碍及其对策研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2005.1:79-82
[70]赵希男,刘雷和朱春红.知识组织化内涵及其效果分析[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2004.10:49-51
3赵希男,刘磊等.知识的组织化内涵及其效果分析[M].科学学与科学技术管理,2004(10),P51
4许强,郑胜华.母子公司的知识转移关系和管理权分配.科技进步与对策[M].2005(4),P97
5马骏,仲伟周等.基于知识转移情境的知识转移成本影响因素的分析.北京工商大学学报(社会科学版).2007(5):P106
6马明峰.组织文化测评的方法与工具.江苏商论[J].2007(2):P120-123
[1]Albino Vito, Garavelli Claudio& Schiuma Giovanni. Knowledge Transfer and Inter-firm Relationships in Industrial Districts: The role of the leader firm[J].Technovation, Amsterdam: Jan 1999, Vol.19, Iss.1: 53
[2]Andra Jones. Employee Rights, Employee Responsibilities and Knowledge Sharing in Intelligent Organization[J]. Employee Responsibilities and Right Journal, 2002, 14(2/3): 15-21
[3]Argote L& Ingram.P. Knowledge transfer: a basis for competitive advantage in firms[J]. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 2000,82(1): 150-169
[4]Cameron K S ,Quinn R E. Diagnosing and Changing Organizational Culture :Based on The Competing Values Framework[M]. New York : Addison -Wesley Press ,1999
[5]Crossman M.M., Lane H.W.& White R.E.. An Organizational Learning Framework:from Intuition to Institution[J]. Academy of Management Review, 1999(24):54-67
[6]David Malone.Knowledge management: model for organizational learning[J]. International Journa of Accounting Information Systems 2002(3):111-123.
[7]Dixon, N.M. Common knowledge: how companies thrive by sharing what they know[M]. Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2000: 79
[8]Epple D., Argote L.& Devadas R. Organizational learning curves: a method for investigation intra-plant transfer of knowledge acquired through learning by doing [J]. Organization Science, 1991(2): 58-70
[9]Harrison J R ,Carroll G R. Modeling Organizational Culture : Demography and Influence Networks[A]. C L Cooper, S Cartwright ,P C Earley. The International Hand Book of Organizational Culture and Climate[C]. New York :Wiley ,2001
[10]Hedlund Gunnar. A Model of Knowledge Management and the N-Form Corporation[J]. Strategy Management Jounral, 1994(15): 73-90
[11]Kelley, H., J. Thibaut. Interpersonal Relations [M].John Wiley and Sons, New York. 1979.201-212.
[12]Kogut B , Zander U. What firms do ? Coordination, Identity, and Learning[J ].Organization Science, 1996(5) :502 —518.
[13]Kotabe A, Martin X& Domoto H. Gaining from Vertical Partnerships:Knowledge Transfer, Relationship Duration, and Supplier Performance Improvement in the U.S and Japanese Automotive Industries[J]. Strategic Management Journal, 2003, 24(4): 293-316
[14]Margit Osteriohl& Bruno S. Frey. Motivation, knowledge transfer, and organization forms [J]. Organization Science, 2000, 11(5): 54-77
[15]Monge Peter. Communication Structures and Processes in Globalization[J].Journal of Comunication, 1998 (4)
[16]Nonaka Ikujiro. A Dynamic Theory of Organizational Knowledge Creation [J] .Organization Science, 1994(2) :14 -37
[17]Nonaka,Ikujiro. The Knowledge-creating Company[J]. Harvard Business Review, 1991(6): 96-105
[18]Nonaka. A Dynamic Theory of Organizational Knowledge Creation[J].Organization Science, 1994(1): 14-24.
[19]Prahald C.K.& Hamel Gray. The core competence of the corporation[J]. Harvard Business Review, 1990(3/4): 9-91
[20]Reagans, R.& McEvily, B., Network structure and knowledge transfer: The effects of cohesion and range[J]. Administrative Science Quarterly. 2003. 48:240- 267.
[21] Shu Hsien Liao. Knowledge management technologies and applications literature review from 1995 to 2002[J]. Expert Systems with Applications, 2003(25):155-164
[22]Simonin.B.L. An empirical investigation of the process of knowledge transfer in international strategic alliances[J]. Journal of International Business Studies,2004, 35(5): 407-427
[23]Szulanski G. Exploring internal stickiness: Implediments to the transfer of best practice within the firm[J]. Strategic Management Journal, 1996, 17(Win):27-43
[24]Szulanski. The process of knowledge transfer: a diachronic analysis of sitckiness[J]. Organizational behavior and human decision processes, 2000,82(2): 9-27
[25]Thomas Kalling. Organization-internal Transfer of Knowledge and the Role of Motivation : A Qualitative Case Study[J]. Knowledge and Process Management, 2003, 10(2): 115-126
[26]Zander. K& Kogut.B. Knowledge and the Speed of the Transfer and Imitation of Organizational Capabilities:An Empirical Test[J].Organization Science 1995,6(1):76-92.
[27]Kim S.Cameron&Robert E.Quinn.谢晓龙译.Diagnosing and Changing Organizaional culture Based on the Competing Values Framework(组织文化诊断与变革)[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社
[28]彼得·德鲁克.知识管理/哈佛商业评论[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,1999
[29]陈欣,和金生.个人知识与组织知识相互转化的机理与机制[J].中国地质大学学报(社会科学版),2004,4(6):10-14
[30]陈志军,许松.试论企业的隐性知识共享[J].生产力研究,2007,22:128-130
[31]杜跃平,路璇.个人知识组织化的约束因素及动态模型[J].先电子科技大学学报(社会科学版),2008,18(2):36-39
[32]房宝金,吉九明.2000-2006年我国知识转移研究论文文献计量分析[J].科技情报开发与经济,2007(11):216-218
[33]高祥宇,卫民堂和李伟.人际信任对知识转移促进作用的研究[J].科研管理,2005,26(6):106-114
[34]高祥宇,卫民堂和李伟.信任促进两人层次知识转移的机制的研究[J].科学学研究,2005,23(3):394-400
[35]何小萍,栗慧.知识管理的基点:知识管理与组织文化[J].浙江树人大学学报,2004,4(4):45-47
[36]江文年,杨建梅.企业知识管理中的组织与文化建设[J].经济论坛,2005.6:78-79
[37]李丹.学习型文化对知识转移过程的影响[D].硕士学位论文,大连理工大学,2007
[38]李纲,田鑫.企业文化与企业内部隐性知识转移的关系研究[J].情报杂志,2007(2):4-6
[39]李勇,屠梅曾.企业内部知识管理中的知识共享问题分析[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2002.6:72-74
[40]刘丽萍.论企业内部知识共享的成本、效益和激励机制[M].商业研究,2006.8:98-101
[41]马骏,仲伟周和陈燕.基于知识转移情境的知识转移成本影响因素分析[J].北京工商大学学报(社会科学版),2007,22(3):102-108
[42]马明峰.组织文化测评的方法与工具[J].江苏商论,2007.2:120-122
[43]马庆国,徐青和廖振鹏.知识转移的影响因素分析[J].北京理工大学学报(社会科学版),2006,8(1):40-43
[44]马永坤.知识经济模式下的组织文化建设[J].当代经济,2007(11):40-41
[45]秦世亮,万威武和朱莉欣.个人知识和企业知识创造[J].研究与发展管理,2004,16(1):55-60
[46]任荣.企业知识转移效果的评价[J].科技情报开发与经济,2005,15(4):220-221
[47]邵翔.企业内部隐性知识转移的障碍及对策分析[J].连云港职业技术学院学报,2006,19(3):56-58
[48]苏延云.知识转移的障碍及应对策略[J].科技情报开发与经济,2006,16(5):194-195
[49]孙爱英,李垣和任峰.组织文化与技术创新方式的关系研究[J].科学学研究,2004(4)
[50]孙建国.论知识经济条件下知识型员工的激励[J].前沿,2001(3):8-12
[51]汤晓峰.企业创建学习型文化的路径探讨[J].企业经济,2008(1):77-79
[52]特雷斯·E·迪尔,阿伦·A·肯尼迪.唐铁军,叶永青译.企业文化:现代企业的精神支柱[M].上海:上海科学技术文献出版社,1989
[53]汪丁丁.知识沿时间和空间的互补性以及相关的经济学[J].经济研究,1997(6):70-78.
[54]王娟茹,赵嵩正和杨瑾.隐性知识共享模型与机制研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2004(10):65-68
[55]王开明,万君康.论知识的转移与扩散[J].外国经济与管理,2000,25(10):2-7
[56]王立生.论战略联盟视角的企业知识获取与转移障碍[J].山西财经大学学报,2004,26(4):90-95
[57]王明娟.组织文化对组织学习能力影响的实证研究[D].硕士学位论文,大连理工大学,2007
[58]王毅,吴贵生.产学研合作中粘滞知识的成因与转移机制研究[J].科研管理,2001,22(6):114-121
[59]魏长生.营造知识共享的企业文化[J].有色冶金设计与研究,2004,25(4):84-87
[60]魏江,王铜安.个体、群组、组织问知识转移影响因素的实证研究[J].科学学研究,2006.2:91-97
[61]伍晓玲,周明.组织内部的知识转移及其困难研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2004(12)
[62]徐金发,许强和顾惊雷.企业知识转移的情境分析模型[J].科研管理,2003(3):54-60
[63]徐锐.促进企业知识转移的人力资源管理[M].情报杂志,2005(5):5-7
[64]薛丽莉.个人向组织知识转移影响因素研究[D].浙江工业大学,硕士学位论文,2007.12
[65]闫举纲,梁工谦.组织文化变革中的隐形知识转移研究[M].情报杂志,2007(12):60-65
[66]易发敏.提高组织知识转移效率的策略探讨[J].理论探索,2005.4:41-43
[67]张钢,许庆瑞.文化类型、企业结构与企业技术创新[J].科研管理,1996(5)
[68]张怀世.研发人员知识转移的障碍分析[J].科学论坛,2007
[69]张军.企业内部知识有效转移障碍及其对策研究[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2005.1:79-82
[70]赵希男,刘雷和朱春红.知识组织化内涵及其效果分析[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2004.10:49-51