电子式电力系统动态模拟研究
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摘要
在电力系统的发展历程中,仿真技术一直发挥着重要作用。电力系统仿真是分析电力系统特征,研究故障暂态过程的重要手段。本文在总结和借鉴国内外电力系统仿真技术的基础上,结合电力系统研究和新型数字式保护、二次设备检验和测试的要求,利用现代分析方法和技术手段,对基于微电子技术的电力系统物理模拟方法进行理论研究和实践探索。论文所做主要工作以下：
1、在广泛调研和查阅国内外电力系统仿真技术资料的基础上,从离线仿真和实时仿真两个方面,详细分析了各种仿真技术的优缺点及其适用范围,总结了目前仿真手段存在的问题。
2、针对数字式互感器的推广,提出电子式电力系统动态模拟系统的设计思想,即采用电子智能元件构成物理模拟系统,使其外部响应特性与实际系统一致。电子模拟技术以数字仿真为核心,但以物理模拟的形式表现出来,从而利用物理方法和数值方法实现元件外部特性的实时模拟。
3、从发电机数学模型出发,基于Park方程,同时计及阻尼绕组以及转子机械特性,建立适用于电子动模的发电机等效动态模型的离散时域数学模型。利用Matlab建立发电机等效动态仿真模型,并就空载试验、负载试验和短路试验等方面进行仿真,仿真结果验证了该实时仿真算法的可行性。
4、结合分布参数输电线路的特点,提出单相无损线、三相小损耗输电线路及三相具有依频特性的输电线路电子模拟方法。依据导线之间电磁联系的数学模型,建立输电线路电子模拟计算模型。对于模型中数值可由采集量历史记录确定的元件采用数字信号处理器模拟；而对于模型中与采集量历史记录无关、反映电压电流瞬时变化关系的元件则用实际元件模拟。利用Matlab建立输电线路实时仿真模型,并就空载合闸和短路故障等方面进行仿真,仿真结果证实了输电线路电子模拟方法的可行性。
5、依据输电线路电子模拟原理,设计开发了输电线路电子模拟装置的硬件系统和软件程序。围绕实时性和准确性等基本性能指标,对输电线路电子模拟装置的运行速度和精度进行了考察和分析。针对典型试验项目,对输电线路电子模拟装置进行了性能测试,并将测试结果与ATP的仿真结果进行对比。测试结果表明,输电线路电子模拟装置的性能指标达到预期目标。
上述研究工作及成果表明,基于微电子技术的电力系统动态模拟有望成为电力系统动态模拟技术的发展方向之一。它为进一步探讨体积小、投资省、操作方便的电力系统模拟方法奠定了基础。
Power system simulation has played an important role in the development of power system. It's an effective method to anlayze power system characteristics and faults on the grid. A series of corresponding researches at home and abroad were carried out. According to the testing requirements of digital protection and secondary equipment, a new real-time micro-dynamic physical simulation means for power system is proposed, which is based on electronic technology, utilizes modern analytical methods and technical measures. Theoretical research and practical exploration was done about this new physical simulation means. The detailed research works include the following aspects:
(1) A wide range of domestic and international research was done about power system simulation. So the advantages and disadvantages of various simulation techniques, even scope of application were summarized, from off-line simulation and real-time simulation two aspects.
(2) With the popular of digital transducers, electronic micro-dynamic simulation system was proposed. The system is composed of electronic intelligence components. The external response of this system is consistant with the actual power system. Digital simulation is the core of electronic simulation system, but the system is present in the form of physical simulation. So electronic micro-dynamic simulation system was realized by both physical methods and numerical methods.
(3) According to the mathematical models, discrete-time equivalent dynamic model was built for synchronous generator, which is suitable for electronic simulation. The model takes damping windings and the rotor mechanical properties into account. The discrete-time equivalent dynamic model was realized in Matlab, and the feasibility of real-time simulation algorithm was demonstrated through no-load simulation, load simulation and and short-circuit simulation.
(4) According to the characteristic of distributed parameter transmission lines, electronic simulation principles for single-phase line, three-phase low-loss transmission lines and three-phase frequency-dependent transmission lines were put forward.The technology builds the equivalent circuit of transmission lines based on the mathematical model of electromagnetic interaction between conductors. In the model, those components of which values can be determined by the history record of sampled quantities are simulated by digital signal processors.Those components of which values are independent on history record of sampled quantities and reflect the relationship of instantaneous voltage and current are realized by themselves.The real-time simulation model of transmission lines were built in Matlab, and the effeciveness of the algorithm were proved through no-load simulation and short-circuit simulation.
(5) Implementation of transmission line electronic simulation device. Based on electronic simulation principle of transmission line, the hardware and software for transmission line simulation device was developed. The discussion was made around real-time and accuracy performaces. The test environment was bulit for typical items test. Compared with ATP simulation results, electronic simulation device of transmission line is proved to be a very effective means for power system characteristics analysis and power system fault research.
The researches and results above show that the electronic dymamic simulation for power system is expected to become an important branch for power system dynamic simulation technology.It establishs the foundation for further exploration of power system simulation methods with space effciency, low investment and convenient operation.
1、在广泛调研和查阅国内外电力系统仿真技术资料的基础上,从离线仿真和实时仿真两个方面,详细分析了各种仿真技术的优缺点及其适用范围,总结了目前仿真手段存在的问题。
2、针对数字式互感器的推广,提出电子式电力系统动态模拟系统的设计思想,即采用电子智能元件构成物理模拟系统,使其外部响应特性与实际系统一致。电子模拟技术以数字仿真为核心,但以物理模拟的形式表现出来,从而利用物理方法和数值方法实现元件外部特性的实时模拟。
3、从发电机数学模型出发,基于Park方程,同时计及阻尼绕组以及转子机械特性,建立适用于电子动模的发电机等效动态模型的离散时域数学模型。利用Matlab建立发电机等效动态仿真模型,并就空载试验、负载试验和短路试验等方面进行仿真,仿真结果验证了该实时仿真算法的可行性。
4、结合分布参数输电线路的特点,提出单相无损线、三相小损耗输电线路及三相具有依频特性的输电线路电子模拟方法。依据导线之间电磁联系的数学模型,建立输电线路电子模拟计算模型。对于模型中数值可由采集量历史记录确定的元件采用数字信号处理器模拟；而对于模型中与采集量历史记录无关、反映电压电流瞬时变化关系的元件则用实际元件模拟。利用Matlab建立输电线路实时仿真模型,并就空载合闸和短路故障等方面进行仿真,仿真结果证实了输电线路电子模拟方法的可行性。
5、依据输电线路电子模拟原理,设计开发了输电线路电子模拟装置的硬件系统和软件程序。围绕实时性和准确性等基本性能指标,对输电线路电子模拟装置的运行速度和精度进行了考察和分析。针对典型试验项目,对输电线路电子模拟装置进行了性能测试,并将测试结果与ATP的仿真结果进行对比。测试结果表明,输电线路电子模拟装置的性能指标达到预期目标。
上述研究工作及成果表明,基于微电子技术的电力系统动态模拟有望成为电力系统动态模拟技术的发展方向之一。它为进一步探讨体积小、投资省、操作方便的电力系统模拟方法奠定了基础。
Power system simulation has played an important role in the development of power system. It's an effective method to anlayze power system characteristics and faults on the grid. A series of corresponding researches at home and abroad were carried out. According to the testing requirements of digital protection and secondary equipment, a new real-time micro-dynamic physical simulation means for power system is proposed, which is based on electronic technology, utilizes modern analytical methods and technical measures. Theoretical research and practical exploration was done about this new physical simulation means. The detailed research works include the following aspects:
(1) A wide range of domestic and international research was done about power system simulation. So the advantages and disadvantages of various simulation techniques, even scope of application were summarized, from off-line simulation and real-time simulation two aspects.
(2) With the popular of digital transducers, electronic micro-dynamic simulation system was proposed. The system is composed of electronic intelligence components. The external response of this system is consistant with the actual power system. Digital simulation is the core of electronic simulation system, but the system is present in the form of physical simulation. So electronic micro-dynamic simulation system was realized by both physical methods and numerical methods.
(3) According to the mathematical models, discrete-time equivalent dynamic model was built for synchronous generator, which is suitable for electronic simulation. The model takes damping windings and the rotor mechanical properties into account. The discrete-time equivalent dynamic model was realized in Matlab, and the feasibility of real-time simulation algorithm was demonstrated through no-load simulation, load simulation and and short-circuit simulation.
(4) According to the characteristic of distributed parameter transmission lines, electronic simulation principles for single-phase line, three-phase low-loss transmission lines and three-phase frequency-dependent transmission lines were put forward.The technology builds the equivalent circuit of transmission lines based on the mathematical model of electromagnetic interaction between conductors. In the model, those components of which values can be determined by the history record of sampled quantities are simulated by digital signal processors.Those components of which values are independent on history record of sampled quantities and reflect the relationship of instantaneous voltage and current are realized by themselves.The real-time simulation model of transmission lines were built in Matlab, and the effeciveness of the algorithm were proved through no-load simulation and short-circuit simulation.
(5) Implementation of transmission line electronic simulation device. Based on electronic simulation principle of transmission line, the hardware and software for transmission line simulation device was developed. The discussion was made around real-time and accuracy performaces. The test environment was bulit for typical items test. Compared with ATP simulation results, electronic simulation device of transmission line is proved to be a very effective means for power system characteristics analysis and power system fault research.
The researches and results above show that the electronic dymamic simulation for power system is expected to become an important branch for power system dynamic simulation technology.It establishs the foundation for further exploration of power system simulation methods with space effciency, low investment and convenient operation.
引文
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