分布式发电系统建模及稳定性仿真
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摘要
分布式发电技术的蓬勃发展特别是各种新能源发电技术的广泛应用使得现代电力系统进入了一个崭新的时代。区别于传统大电网运行模式,大量分布式电源接入到输配电网络中,其独特的电源动态特性、并网运行技术以及三相不对称网络结构会对电力系统的动态特性产生显著影响,本文的主要工作围绕分布式发电系统稳定性建模和仿真程序开发研究而展开。主要成果如下:
在建模技术研究方面:总结阐述了在分布式发电系统中常用的典型电力电子装置准稳态模型以及控制环节构造,提出了一种电力电子通用化准稳态模型的设计方法,并将其应用于分布式发电系统建模之中。所提出的方法和模型有助于规范化分布式发电并网运行系统的模型表达形式。
在仿真数值算法研究方面:将雅可比矩阵的数值微分求导法与预测-校正形式的隐式交替求解算法相结合,提出了一种适用于分布式发电系统稳定性仿真算法。这种方法的优点在于不需要事先获得雅克比矩阵元素函数的解析信息,完全在原系统状态方程和代数方程的基础上直接通过数值计算获得,可以自动计及系统模型结构突变时的影响,考虑到分布式发电系统中非连续控制环节的大量存在,这一特点在分布式发电系统稳定性仿真软件的开发中具有独特优势。
在软件设计和开发方面:本文基于十字链表稀疏存储结构,发展了一种网式链表数据结构,该结构的引入可以实现数值计算中DAE系统雅克比矩阵高效稀疏存储。基于该数据结构提出了一种网式链表-双层算法(Mesh List-Double Layer Algorithm-MLDLA),双层结构的外层是显式积分模块,内层是隐式梯形校正迭代模块,显式、隐式数值算法计算流程统一在双层结构中实现。网式链表的应用使得内层隐式计算可以灵活有效地处理各种动态元件与控制器接口,DAE系统微分方程与代数方程接口,可以任意组装拼接基于模块化设计的DAE系统分块雅克比矩阵,为软件开发工作中新元件、新模型的添加和更新提供了一个简便的途径。
最后,对分布式发电系统稳定仿真计算程序进行了面向对象分析和系统设计,提出了由分布式发电系统各种元件组成的“交直流双层母线树”结构,用以描述分布式发电并网系统,双层母线树接口类似于传统电网中发电机及其控制器单元,具有“即插即用”的特性。最后阐述了仿真程序中模型类、功能类的设计方法,以及主要类的结构和功能。
Vigorous development of distributed generation techniques, especially extensive application of new energy generation techniques, has brought modern power system into a brand new era. Due to the unique dynamic characteristics of the distributed generation sources, grid-connection techniques, and three phase unbalanced network structure, dynamic features of power system have been greatly influenced by the high permeability of distributed energy sources connected to the transmission and distribution grid. This is quite different from traditional bulk power system operation mode,. In this thesis, the main work focuses on the modeling and programming of stability simulation of distributed power generation system. The major achievements are as follows:
In the field of modeling techniques, the commonly used typical quasi-steady-state models and control link structures of power electronic devices are summarized in this thesis. A general quasi-steady-state modeling design method is proposed and applied in distributed generation system modeling. The proposed method and model are much beneficial to normalize modeling expression forms of distributed generation system.
In the aspect of numerical algorithms, a stability simulation algorithm suitable for distributed generation system is presented in this thesis. In the proposed algorithm, a predict - correction alternate solving implicit integration algorithm is combined with, a numerical differential method to obtain the system Jacobian matrix. With this algorithm, no analytic information of Jacobian matrix elements is required in advance. The Jacobian matrix is acquired directly by numerical calculation based on the original system state equations and algebraic equations. Moreover, this method can automatically take into account the impact of system model structure mutation. Considering the existence of large amounts of discontinuous control links in distributed generation system, this feature makes the proposed method especially advantageous for the development of stability simulation programs for distributed generation system.
For the software design and development, a new mesh list data structure is presented based on the sparse storage structure of cross-linked list. The application of this structure can realize highly efficient sparse data storage for DAE system Jacobian during simulation. A Mesh List-Double Layer Algorithm (MLDLA) is developed on the basis of this data structure. The outer layer is designed for explicit integration method, whereas the inner layer is designed for implicit integration method. The consolidated implementation of explicit and implicit integration algorithms is achieved by the double layer structure. For inner layer implicit integration algorithm, the application of mesh list enables a flexible and efficient processing of interface between dynamic components and control devices, as well as the interface between differential equations and algebraic equations of the DAE system. The DAE system block Jacobian matrix can be assembled arbitrarily based on modularized design. This provides a convenient solution for the addition and update of new components and new models.
Furthermore, the system object-oriented design and analysis method is investigated in this thesis to carry out stability simulation of distributed generation system. The double-layer AC-DC bus-tree structure for grouping elements in distributed generation system is presented to describe grid-connection system. The interface of double-layer AC-DC bus-tree is similar to generator and its control unit in traditional power grid. It has“plug and play”feature. In the following part, design methods for modeling class and functional class are illustrated, as well as structure and function of major classes.
In the end, simulation results for test cases are given to validate the correctness of the modeling and algorithm for stability simulation of distributed generation system.
在建模技术研究方面:总结阐述了在分布式发电系统中常用的典型电力电子装置准稳态模型以及控制环节构造,提出了一种电力电子通用化准稳态模型的设计方法,并将其应用于分布式发电系统建模之中。所提出的方法和模型有助于规范化分布式发电并网运行系统的模型表达形式。
在仿真数值算法研究方面:将雅可比矩阵的数值微分求导法与预测-校正形式的隐式交替求解算法相结合,提出了一种适用于分布式发电系统稳定性仿真算法。这种方法的优点在于不需要事先获得雅克比矩阵元素函数的解析信息,完全在原系统状态方程和代数方程的基础上直接通过数值计算获得,可以自动计及系统模型结构突变时的影响,考虑到分布式发电系统中非连续控制环节的大量存在,这一特点在分布式发电系统稳定性仿真软件的开发中具有独特优势。
在软件设计和开发方面:本文基于十字链表稀疏存储结构,发展了一种网式链表数据结构,该结构的引入可以实现数值计算中DAE系统雅克比矩阵高效稀疏存储。基于该数据结构提出了一种网式链表-双层算法(Mesh List-Double Layer Algorithm-MLDLA),双层结构的外层是显式积分模块,内层是隐式梯形校正迭代模块,显式、隐式数值算法计算流程统一在双层结构中实现。网式链表的应用使得内层隐式计算可以灵活有效地处理各种动态元件与控制器接口,DAE系统微分方程与代数方程接口,可以任意组装拼接基于模块化设计的DAE系统分块雅克比矩阵,为软件开发工作中新元件、新模型的添加和更新提供了一个简便的途径。
最后,对分布式发电系统稳定仿真计算程序进行了面向对象分析和系统设计,提出了由分布式发电系统各种元件组成的“交直流双层母线树”结构,用以描述分布式发电并网系统,双层母线树接口类似于传统电网中发电机及其控制器单元,具有“即插即用”的特性。最后阐述了仿真程序中模型类、功能类的设计方法,以及主要类的结构和功能。
Vigorous development of distributed generation techniques, especially extensive application of new energy generation techniques, has brought modern power system into a brand new era. Due to the unique dynamic characteristics of the distributed generation sources, grid-connection techniques, and three phase unbalanced network structure, dynamic features of power system have been greatly influenced by the high permeability of distributed energy sources connected to the transmission and distribution grid. This is quite different from traditional bulk power system operation mode,. In this thesis, the main work focuses on the modeling and programming of stability simulation of distributed power generation system. The major achievements are as follows:
In the field of modeling techniques, the commonly used typical quasi-steady-state models and control link structures of power electronic devices are summarized in this thesis. A general quasi-steady-state modeling design method is proposed and applied in distributed generation system modeling. The proposed method and model are much beneficial to normalize modeling expression forms of distributed generation system.
In the aspect of numerical algorithms, a stability simulation algorithm suitable for distributed generation system is presented in this thesis. In the proposed algorithm, a predict - correction alternate solving implicit integration algorithm is combined with, a numerical differential method to obtain the system Jacobian matrix. With this algorithm, no analytic information of Jacobian matrix elements is required in advance. The Jacobian matrix is acquired directly by numerical calculation based on the original system state equations and algebraic equations. Moreover, this method can automatically take into account the impact of system model structure mutation. Considering the existence of large amounts of discontinuous control links in distributed generation system, this feature makes the proposed method especially advantageous for the development of stability simulation programs for distributed generation system.
For the software design and development, a new mesh list data structure is presented based on the sparse storage structure of cross-linked list. The application of this structure can realize highly efficient sparse data storage for DAE system Jacobian during simulation. A Mesh List-Double Layer Algorithm (MLDLA) is developed on the basis of this data structure. The outer layer is designed for explicit integration method, whereas the inner layer is designed for implicit integration method. The consolidated implementation of explicit and implicit integration algorithms is achieved by the double layer structure. For inner layer implicit integration algorithm, the application of mesh list enables a flexible and efficient processing of interface between dynamic components and control devices, as well as the interface between differential equations and algebraic equations of the DAE system. The DAE system block Jacobian matrix can be assembled arbitrarily based on modularized design. This provides a convenient solution for the addition and update of new components and new models.
Furthermore, the system object-oriented design and analysis method is investigated in this thesis to carry out stability simulation of distributed generation system. The double-layer AC-DC bus-tree structure for grouping elements in distributed generation system is presented to describe grid-connection system. The interface of double-layer AC-DC bus-tree is similar to generator and its control unit in traditional power grid. It has“plug and play”feature. In the following part, design methods for modeling class and functional class are illustrated, as well as structure and function of major classes.
In the end, simulation results for test cases are given to validate the correctness of the modeling and algorithm for stability simulation of distributed generation system.
引文
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