船舶电力系统建模仿真及动态稳定性研究
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摘要
船舶电力系统是一个独立而又复杂的电力系统,具有很多特点。电器设备工作环境较差,事故容易发生,正常供电时常常有相对于发电机容量较大的电力负载投入到电网运行,发电机组经常并联运行且具有较强的耦合性等特点。因此,船舶电力系统在运行过程中的动态过程频繁发生,动态过程的振荡幅度也很大。鉴于这些原因,本文在船舶电力系统建模仿真及动态稳定性方面做了研究,希望在船舶电力系统建立数学模型、研制模拟器及研制新的励磁控制器方面做些有实际意义的工作。
首先,建立完整的实际船舶电力系统整体数学模型。以一条实际5446TEU大型集装箱船舶电力系统为研究对象,建立一系列数学模型,包括同步发电机、励磁系统、异步电动机、静负载及电网的数学模型。以一台同步发电机的d-q旋转轴为参考轴,分析各电气设备之间的耦合关系,从而建立了完整的船舶电力系统整体数学模型。
其次,研制船舶电力系统训练模拟器和船舶电站评估操作计算机考试模拟器。它是船舶电力系统建模与仿真的应用,结合物理—数字混合仿真技术、集中仿真技术和模块化建模技术,研制出船舶电力系统训练模拟器和评估操作计算机考试模拟器。模拟器由计算机、各种物理盘台及仪表组成,它适用于交通运输部海事局关于远洋船舶轮机员在轮机自动化技术方面教学和培训的要求,目前许多用户已使用并取得了较满意的效果。
最后,研制新的励磁控制器(AVR+PSS励磁控制器)。为改善船舶电力系统的稳定性能,设计一种新的励磁控制器。这种励磁控制器就是在传统的具有自动电压调节器的船舶发电机励磁系统的基础上,加入电力系统稳定器。这种励磁控制器是通过进一步控制发电机励磁来提高电力系统稳定性能,其基本功能就是在发电机励磁系统中加入了辅助的稳定信号,增加了系统阻尼,减小了发电机组的振荡。仿真结果表明该励磁控制器有效地提高了船舶电力系统动态过程的质量和稳定性能。
研究成果对进一步研究船舶电力系统动态稳定性能将起到积极作用,对轮机员在模拟器上培训也起到帮助作用。
Marine power station is an independent and complicated power system, and it has many special characteristics:generally the electrical devices operate in bad conditions and accidents often happen during operation; some larger electric power loads compared to the load rate of the generator often start and stop under the normal power supplying states of electric network. Generator sets often run in parallel, and it has the characteristics of strong coupling. Therefore, the dynamic processes of the marine power system take place constantly, and the range for oscillation of dynamic processes is much larger. Based on these characteristics, this paper carries out extensive research in simulation modeling and analysis of dynamic stability of the marine power station system. It is expected that some practical application in mathematical modeling, development of simulators as well as development of a new excitation controller can be explored.
Firstly, a whole set of mathematical models of actual marine power station system are set up. The power station system on board of a large 5446TEU container ship is used as the research target, and a series of mathematical models are developed, including mathematical models of synchronous generators, the excitation system, the induction motors, the static load and bus. The d-q rotary shaft in a synchronous generator is used as a reference shaft, and the coupling relations of different electric devices in the marine power station are analyzed. As a result, a whole set of mathematical models for the marine power station system are developed.
Secondly, marine power station training simulators and marine power station computer operation testing simulator are developed, and it is a application for modeling simulation to marine power station system. Using the techniques of physical-digital hybrid simulation and centralized simulation, as well as the techniques of modularization modeling, the training simulator and computer operation testing simulator are developed. These simulators consist of microcomputers, various kinds of physics equipment and instruments, and it satisfies the demand for education and training of marine engineer officers in marine automation technology required by the Maritime Safety Administration of the Ministry of Transport of PRC. So far the simulators have been tested for user in training programs successfully.
Thirdly, a new excitation controller (AVR+PSS excitation controller) is developed. To improve the stability performance of the marine power system, a new excitation controller is developed. A power system stabilizer (PSS) is introduced into the traditional marine generator excitation system with automatic voltage regulator (AVR). The new excitation controller uses auxiliary stabilizing signals to control the generator excitation so as to improve the stability of the power system, and its basic function is to add damping to the generator oscillations by controlling generator excitation using auxiliary stabilizing signals. The simulation results show that the new excitation controller can improve not only the quality of the dynamic process but also the stability performance of the marine power system.
The research results turn out to have a positive effect on improving the dynamic stability of the marine power station system and at the same time will be helpful to the training of marine engineer officers on simulators.
首先,建立完整的实际船舶电力系统整体数学模型。以一条实际5446TEU大型集装箱船舶电力系统为研究对象,建立一系列数学模型,包括同步发电机、励磁系统、异步电动机、静负载及电网的数学模型。以一台同步发电机的d-q旋转轴为参考轴,分析各电气设备之间的耦合关系,从而建立了完整的船舶电力系统整体数学模型。
其次,研制船舶电力系统训练模拟器和船舶电站评估操作计算机考试模拟器。它是船舶电力系统建模与仿真的应用,结合物理—数字混合仿真技术、集中仿真技术和模块化建模技术,研制出船舶电力系统训练模拟器和评估操作计算机考试模拟器。模拟器由计算机、各种物理盘台及仪表组成,它适用于交通运输部海事局关于远洋船舶轮机员在轮机自动化技术方面教学和培训的要求,目前许多用户已使用并取得了较满意的效果。
最后,研制新的励磁控制器(AVR+PSS励磁控制器)。为改善船舶电力系统的稳定性能,设计一种新的励磁控制器。这种励磁控制器就是在传统的具有自动电压调节器的船舶发电机励磁系统的基础上,加入电力系统稳定器。这种励磁控制器是通过进一步控制发电机励磁来提高电力系统稳定性能,其基本功能就是在发电机励磁系统中加入了辅助的稳定信号,增加了系统阻尼,减小了发电机组的振荡。仿真结果表明该励磁控制器有效地提高了船舶电力系统动态过程的质量和稳定性能。
研究成果对进一步研究船舶电力系统动态稳定性能将起到积极作用,对轮机员在模拟器上培训也起到帮助作用。
Marine power station is an independent and complicated power system, and it has many special characteristics:generally the electrical devices operate in bad conditions and accidents often happen during operation; some larger electric power loads compared to the load rate of the generator often start and stop under the normal power supplying states of electric network. Generator sets often run in parallel, and it has the characteristics of strong coupling. Therefore, the dynamic processes of the marine power system take place constantly, and the range for oscillation of dynamic processes is much larger. Based on these characteristics, this paper carries out extensive research in simulation modeling and analysis of dynamic stability of the marine power station system. It is expected that some practical application in mathematical modeling, development of simulators as well as development of a new excitation controller can be explored.
Firstly, a whole set of mathematical models of actual marine power station system are set up. The power station system on board of a large 5446TEU container ship is used as the research target, and a series of mathematical models are developed, including mathematical models of synchronous generators, the excitation system, the induction motors, the static load and bus. The d-q rotary shaft in a synchronous generator is used as a reference shaft, and the coupling relations of different electric devices in the marine power station are analyzed. As a result, a whole set of mathematical models for the marine power station system are developed.
Secondly, marine power station training simulators and marine power station computer operation testing simulator are developed, and it is a application for modeling simulation to marine power station system. Using the techniques of physical-digital hybrid simulation and centralized simulation, as well as the techniques of modularization modeling, the training simulator and computer operation testing simulator are developed. These simulators consist of microcomputers, various kinds of physics equipment and instruments, and it satisfies the demand for education and training of marine engineer officers in marine automation technology required by the Maritime Safety Administration of the Ministry of Transport of PRC. So far the simulators have been tested for user in training programs successfully.
Thirdly, a new excitation controller (AVR+PSS excitation controller) is developed. To improve the stability performance of the marine power system, a new excitation controller is developed. A power system stabilizer (PSS) is introduced into the traditional marine generator excitation system with automatic voltage regulator (AVR). The new excitation controller uses auxiliary stabilizing signals to control the generator excitation so as to improve the stability of the power system, and its basic function is to add damping to the generator oscillations by controlling generator excitation using auxiliary stabilizing signals. The simulation results show that the new excitation controller can improve not only the quality of the dynamic process but also the stability performance of the marine power system.
The research results turn out to have a positive effect on improving the dynamic stability of the marine power station system and at the same time will be helpful to the training of marine engineer officers on simulators.
引文
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