滇中云南松林火烧五年后植物群落动态及其演替趋势
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摘要
为了对火烧云南松林的管理提供科学依据,本研究对昆明市团结镇火烧迹地及附近不同植物群落的动态和演替进行了调查、分析与论述。在昆明市团结镇火烧迹地及附近做了20个20m×20m样方,其中在火烧迹地随机设置样方5个(由于火烧迹地群落结构及物种组成简单且均一,5个样方足有代表性。),在未曾火烧的不同斑块状植物群落(在覆盖有植被且调查人可到达的地点)中随机设置样方15个。通过以所调查的植物群落的重要值{重要值=(相对显著度+相对密度)/2}为属性特征值进行聚类分析。并与8个环境因子(pH、水分、总有机碳、全氮、全磷、速效氮、速效磷、干扰强度)相结合进行典范对应分析(CCA)。结果表明：
1)根据昆明市团结镇及附近20个样方的数据,应用物种组成相似度聚类分析,将其分成5个不同植物群落。按照群落的前两位相对优势种对群落进行了命名,它们分别是：云南松灌丛(Pinus yunnanensis shrubland)、云南松群落(Pinus yunnanensis community)、光叶石栎-云南松群落(Lithocarpus mairei-Pinus yunnanensis communtiy)、滇石栎-元江栲群落(Lithocarpus dealbatus-Castanopsis orthacantha community)、元江栲群落(Castanopsis orthacantha community)、
2)对5个群落优势种的高度级和径级结构进行了分析。5个群落优势种的高度级和径级结构显示出如下特征,云南松灌丛和云南松群落中的云南松种群都属增长型；光叶石栎-云南松群落中光叶石栎种群属增长型,云南松种群属衰退型；滇石栎-元江栲群落中滇石栎、元江栲种群都为间歇发展型；元江栲群落中元江栲种群属增长型。
3)对5个群落林床中的的幼树、幼苗进行了统计分析。云南松灌丛和云南松群落均有云南松幼树和幼苗。其它3个群落中都没有云南松幼树和幼苗。
4)根据对20个样方和8个环境因子的CCA排序分析。速效磷(AP)和干扰强度(DIST)与云南松灌丛相关性很强；全磷(TP)与云南松群落有正相关性；全氮(TN)和元江栲群落有正相关性。
5)本研究以空间代替时间的方法,确定了云南团结镇云南松林火烧五年后可能的演替趋势：云南松灌丛(Pinus yunnanensis shrubland)→云南松群落(Pinus yunnanensis community)→光叶石栎-云南松群落(Lithocarpus mairei- Pinus yunnanensis communtiy)→滇石栎-元江栲群落(Lithocarpus dealbatus- Castanopsis orthacantha community)或元江栲群落(Castanopsis orthacantha community)。
6)对云南松火烧后植物群落物种丰富度及物种多样性进行了比较,结果表明：即在演替中期(云南松群落、光叶石栎-云南松群落)的物种多样性和丰富度比演替前期(云南松灌丛)和演替后期(滇石栎-元江栲群落、元江栲群落)都高。
In order to provide a scientific base for successful management of Pinus yunnanensis forests after fire, we studied regeneration dynamics and succession of the plant communities in Tuanjie Zhen, cenral Yunnan. We established 20 plots (each plot area:20m x 20m) in Tuanjie Zhen, including five plots in the Pinus yunnanensis community after fire, fifteen plots in the unburned plant communities. Important values were used for similarity cluster analysis. Plant communities were delineated and possible correspondences between environmental factors (soil properties and the degrees of disturbance intensity) and plant communities were analyzed using canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). The results are below:
1) We grouped twenty field plots into five plant Communities using floristic similarity cluster analysis. Each community is named after the dominant tree species. They are Pinus yunnanensis shrubland, Pinus yunnanensis community, Lithocarpus mairei-Pinus yunnanensis communtiy, Lithocarpus dealbatus-Castanopsis orthacantha community, and Castanopsis orthacantha community.
2) The frequency distribution of P. yunnanensis in the P. yunnanensis shrubland and P. yunnanensis community was in an inverse-J type (good in regeneration). In the L. mairei-P. yunnanensis community, the L. mairei population was in an inverse-J type, P. yunnanensis population was in an unimodal type (poor in regeneration). In L. dealbatus-C. orthacantha community, L. dealbatus and C. orthacantha populations were in a sporadic type (unstable in regeneration). In C. orthacantha community, C. orthacantha population was in an inverse-J type (good in regeneration).
3) The saplings and seedlings of P. yunnanensis were found in the P. yunnanensis shrubland and the P. yunnanensis community, but not in the other three plant communities.
4) On the basis of CCA ordination analysis, the available P (AP) of soil and the degrees of disturbance intensity (DIST) strongly correlated with the P. yunnanensis shrubland. Total P (TP) showed a positive correction with the P. yunnanensis community. The total N (TN) showed a positive correction with the C. orthacantha community.
5) We used space-for-time substitution to obtain an understanding of the directions and pathways of the succession of the P. yunnanensis communities five years after fire. The approximate successional trends were from P. yunnanensis shrubland to P. yunnanensis community, then to L. mairei-P. yunnanensis community, and finally to L. dealbatus-C. orthacantha community or C.orthacantha community.
6) Species richness and species diversity of the P. yunnanensis'community and L. mairei-P. yunnanensis community in the middle successional stage had higher values than the P. yunnanensis shrubland in the early successional stage and the C. orthacantha community, L. dealbatus-C. orthacantha community late successional stage.
1)根据昆明市团结镇及附近20个样方的数据,应用物种组成相似度聚类分析,将其分成5个不同植物群落。按照群落的前两位相对优势种对群落进行了命名,它们分别是：云南松灌丛(Pinus yunnanensis shrubland)、云南松群落(Pinus yunnanensis community)、光叶石栎-云南松群落(Lithocarpus mairei-Pinus yunnanensis communtiy)、滇石栎-元江栲群落(Lithocarpus dealbatus-Castanopsis orthacantha community)、元江栲群落(Castanopsis orthacantha community)、
2)对5个群落优势种的高度级和径级结构进行了分析。5个群落优势种的高度级和径级结构显示出如下特征,云南松灌丛和云南松群落中的云南松种群都属增长型；光叶石栎-云南松群落中光叶石栎种群属增长型,云南松种群属衰退型；滇石栎-元江栲群落中滇石栎、元江栲种群都为间歇发展型；元江栲群落中元江栲种群属增长型。
3)对5个群落林床中的的幼树、幼苗进行了统计分析。云南松灌丛和云南松群落均有云南松幼树和幼苗。其它3个群落中都没有云南松幼树和幼苗。
4)根据对20个样方和8个环境因子的CCA排序分析。速效磷(AP)和干扰强度(DIST)与云南松灌丛相关性很强；全磷(TP)与云南松群落有正相关性；全氮(TN)和元江栲群落有正相关性。
5)本研究以空间代替时间的方法,确定了云南团结镇云南松林火烧五年后可能的演替趋势：云南松灌丛(Pinus yunnanensis shrubland)→云南松群落(Pinus yunnanensis community)→光叶石栎-云南松群落(Lithocarpus mairei- Pinus yunnanensis communtiy)→滇石栎-元江栲群落(Lithocarpus dealbatus- Castanopsis orthacantha community)或元江栲群落(Castanopsis orthacantha community)。
6)对云南松火烧后植物群落物种丰富度及物种多样性进行了比较,结果表明：即在演替中期(云南松群落、光叶石栎-云南松群落)的物种多样性和丰富度比演替前期(云南松灌丛)和演替后期(滇石栎-元江栲群落、元江栲群落)都高。
In order to provide a scientific base for successful management of Pinus yunnanensis forests after fire, we studied regeneration dynamics and succession of the plant communities in Tuanjie Zhen, cenral Yunnan. We established 20 plots (each plot area:20m x 20m) in Tuanjie Zhen, including five plots in the Pinus yunnanensis community after fire, fifteen plots in the unburned plant communities. Important values were used for similarity cluster analysis. Plant communities were delineated and possible correspondences between environmental factors (soil properties and the degrees of disturbance intensity) and plant communities were analyzed using canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). The results are below:
1) We grouped twenty field plots into five plant Communities using floristic similarity cluster analysis. Each community is named after the dominant tree species. They are Pinus yunnanensis shrubland, Pinus yunnanensis community, Lithocarpus mairei-Pinus yunnanensis communtiy, Lithocarpus dealbatus-Castanopsis orthacantha community, and Castanopsis orthacantha community.
2) The frequency distribution of P. yunnanensis in the P. yunnanensis shrubland and P. yunnanensis community was in an inverse-J type (good in regeneration). In the L. mairei-P. yunnanensis community, the L. mairei population was in an inverse-J type, P. yunnanensis population was in an unimodal type (poor in regeneration). In L. dealbatus-C. orthacantha community, L. dealbatus and C. orthacantha populations were in a sporadic type (unstable in regeneration). In C. orthacantha community, C. orthacantha population was in an inverse-J type (good in regeneration).
3) The saplings and seedlings of P. yunnanensis were found in the P. yunnanensis shrubland and the P. yunnanensis community, but not in the other three plant communities.
4) On the basis of CCA ordination analysis, the available P (AP) of soil and the degrees of disturbance intensity (DIST) strongly correlated with the P. yunnanensis shrubland. Total P (TP) showed a positive correction with the P. yunnanensis community. The total N (TN) showed a positive correction with the C. orthacantha community.
5) We used space-for-time substitution to obtain an understanding of the directions and pathways of the succession of the P. yunnanensis communities five years after fire. The approximate successional trends were from P. yunnanensis shrubland to P. yunnanensis community, then to L. mairei-P. yunnanensis community, and finally to L. dealbatus-C. orthacantha community or C.orthacantha community.
6) Species richness and species diversity of the P. yunnanensis'community and L. mairei-P. yunnanensis community in the middle successional stage had higher values than the P. yunnanensis shrubland in the early successional stage and the C. orthacantha community, L. dealbatus-C. orthacantha community late successional stage.
引文
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