城轨车辆切削式专用吸能装置研究
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摘要
立体化的轨道交通可以有效缓解日益恶化的城市交通问题。基于安全考虑,对城轨车辆进行碰撞安全性方面的研究,己成为世界上各国铁路部门的热门课题之一。作为耐冲击吸能车体中的重要一环,车体专用吸能装置可以在车辆发生碰撞的瞬间吸收大部分的冲击动能,实现对乘员的安全保护,因此得到了科研人员广泛的研究。
本文在分析传统的城轨车辆压溃式专用吸能装置的基础上,根据金属切削过程中会消耗大量动能的原理,对切削式专用吸能装置进行了研究。利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件建立了适用于城轨车辆的切削式专用吸能装置的有限元模型,并就刀具数量、切削深度两个因素对切削式吸能过程的吸能效果影响进行了详细分析。根据数值计算结果,提出了可以采用变化切削截面深度和在工件关键位置开设减荷槽等方法对切削力峰值进行控制,并设计了两种切削截面外形和三种减荷槽布置方式对切削式吸能装置在控制切削力峰值方面进行了有益探讨。与压溃式吸能装置相比,在相同工况下,两种吸能装置的力一时间曲线变化规律完全一致,这为切削式吸能装置的实车使用提供了理论支持；切削式吸能装置的初始切削力峰值更低；采用变化切削深度等方式可以很容易就对系统的能量吸收情况进行控制；通过在工件关键位置开设减荷槽可以明显降低该处的切削力峰值。
本文的研究结果可为切削式吸能装置的进一步研究提供参考,为切削式专用吸能装置的应用提供指导。
States have adopted the three-dimensional rail transport to ease the worsening traffic problems in cities.Based on security considerations,the impact safety research on the mass transit vehicles,has became the hot topic in all countries of the railway sector.As an important part of the crashworthy energy absorbing car-body,the special energy absorption device will consumpt most of the impact energy in the vehicle collision,achieved security of the passengers,so researchers have been extensively studied.
Based on the analysis of traditional mass transit vehicles special crack energy absorption device, according to the principle of metal cutting process will consume a large amount of kinetic energy,a new-style of energy absorbing device in metal -cutting way is researched.By the software ANSYS/LS-DYNA,the cutting energy-absorbing strcture finite element model had designed.and the affect of the number of cutting tools,cutting depth on the energy asorption is analyzed in detail.According to the numerical simulation,the change of the cutting depth and set offload system on the key locations can control the peak of the cutting force,and two shapes of the cutting cross-section shape and three types of offload systems had been used in the utting energy-absorbing strcture.Compared with the crack energy absorption device under the same conditions,both two energy-absorbing devices had the similar force-time curve,which can provides a theoretical support for the use of the cutting energy-absorbing device;the peak of the cutting force in lower than the crush-type device;change cutting depth had proved to be a useful method to control the energy absorption;set offload systems on the key locations can be significantly reduced the peaks of the cutting force.
The results of this paper can provide reference for further research of the cutting energy absorption,and give guidance to the application of the special energy absorption device.
本文在分析传统的城轨车辆压溃式专用吸能装置的基础上,根据金属切削过程中会消耗大量动能的原理,对切削式专用吸能装置进行了研究。利用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件建立了适用于城轨车辆的切削式专用吸能装置的有限元模型,并就刀具数量、切削深度两个因素对切削式吸能过程的吸能效果影响进行了详细分析。根据数值计算结果,提出了可以采用变化切削截面深度和在工件关键位置开设减荷槽等方法对切削力峰值进行控制,并设计了两种切削截面外形和三种减荷槽布置方式对切削式吸能装置在控制切削力峰值方面进行了有益探讨。与压溃式吸能装置相比,在相同工况下,两种吸能装置的力一时间曲线变化规律完全一致,这为切削式吸能装置的实车使用提供了理论支持；切削式吸能装置的初始切削力峰值更低；采用变化切削深度等方式可以很容易就对系统的能量吸收情况进行控制；通过在工件关键位置开设减荷槽可以明显降低该处的切削力峰值。
本文的研究结果可为切削式吸能装置的进一步研究提供参考,为切削式专用吸能装置的应用提供指导。
States have adopted the three-dimensional rail transport to ease the worsening traffic problems in cities.Based on security considerations,the impact safety research on the mass transit vehicles,has became the hot topic in all countries of the railway sector.As an important part of the crashworthy energy absorbing car-body,the special energy absorption device will consumpt most of the impact energy in the vehicle collision,achieved security of the passengers,so researchers have been extensively studied.
Based on the analysis of traditional mass transit vehicles special crack energy absorption device, according to the principle of metal cutting process will consume a large amount of kinetic energy,a new-style of energy absorbing device in metal -cutting way is researched.By the software ANSYS/LS-DYNA,the cutting energy-absorbing strcture finite element model had designed.and the affect of the number of cutting tools,cutting depth on the energy asorption is analyzed in detail.According to the numerical simulation,the change of the cutting depth and set offload system on the key locations can control the peak of the cutting force,and two shapes of the cutting cross-section shape and three types of offload systems had been used in the utting energy-absorbing strcture.Compared with the crack energy absorption device under the same conditions,both two energy-absorbing devices had the similar force-time curve,which can provides a theoretical support for the use of the cutting energy-absorbing device;the peak of the cutting force in lower than the crush-type device;change cutting depth had proved to be a useful method to control the energy absorption;set offload systems on the key locations can be significantly reduced the peaks of the cutting force.
The results of this paper can provide reference for further research of the cutting energy absorption,and give guidance to the application of the special energy absorption device.
引文
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[4]He Wei-Yi, Yin Yi-Lin. Investment and organization modes of urban mass transit projects and their institutional performance changes. Tiedao Xuebao,2006, 28(1):12-18
[5]王忠强,晏启鹏,高世廉.轨道交通路网规划技术评价.西南交通大学学报,2005,35(4)：383～386
[6]蒋智军.我国城市轨道交通建设探析.城市建设与商业网点,2009,3(18)：23～24
[7]Markiewice E, Marchand M, Ducrocp P. Evaluation of different simplified crash model:Application to the under frame of a railway driver's cab. Int J of Vehicle Design,2001,26(26):187-205
[8]Scholes. A, Lewis. JH. Development of Crashworthiness for Railway Vehicle Structures. Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit,1993,207(1):1-16
[9]S W Kirkpatrick, M Schroeder, J W Simons. Evaluation of passenger rail vehicle crashworthiness. International Journal of Crashworthiness,2001,6(1):95-106
[10]Whirley. RG, Engelmann. BE. Electric and hybrid vehicle crashworthiness simulation. Int. J. Vehicle Design,1997,18(5):413-432
[11]田口真.铁道车辆抗冲撞结构的开发.国外铁道车辆,2003,40(6)：23～27
[12]伞军民.薄壁构件的抗碰撞吸能.大连交通大学学报,2008,29(56)：99～104
[13]王文斌,赵洪伦.高速客车轻量化车体耐碰撞结构的优化设计.同济大学学报,2004,32(11)：1499～1503
[14]程玲,赵洪伦.轨道动车组头车耐撞击结构模块化设计研究.内燃机车,2006,1(2)：14～17
[15]Friedr.Vieweg, Sohn Verlags. Practical vehicle collision analysis. Auto Technology,2006,6(8):32-35
[16]烟弘敏,刘克鲜.运用碰撞仿真技术进行提高铁道车辆安全性的研究.国外铁道车辆,2004,41(6)：22～31
[17]Wenquo Qi, Jin.X.L, Zhang.X.Y. Improvement of energy-absorbing structures of a commercial vehicle for crashworthiness using finite element method. International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology,2006, 30(12):1001-1009
[18]G. M. Nagel, D. P. Thambiratoam. Computer simulation and energy absorption of tapered thin-walled rectangular tubes. Thin-walled Structures,2005,43(8): 1225-1242
[19]刘旺玉,张勇,李静,等.高速切削热分配的有限元模拟.工具技术,2009,43(8)： 14～16
[20]Quan Yanming, He Zhenwei. Cutting heat distribution in turning of carbon steel. China Mechanical Engineering,2006,17(20):2155-2158
[21]Meuwissen M. H. H, Oomens C.W.J, Baaaijens F.P.T, etal. Determination of the elasto-plastic properties of aluminium using a mixed numerical-experimental method. Journal of Materials Processing Technology,1998,75(1):204-211
[22]任种,侯学元,韩淑华.基于有限元仿真的高速干式切削立铣刀切削温度研究.工具技术,2009,43(8)：75～77
[23]宿崇,侯俊铭,朱立达,等.基于SPH法的金属切削大变形数值模拟.东北大学学报,2009,30(3)：20～24
[24]N. K. Gupta. Some aspect of axial collapse of cylindrical thin-walled tubes. Thin-Walled Structure,1998,32(3):111-126
[25]Blumhardt.R. FEM-crash simulation and optimization. International Journal of Vehicle Design,2001,26(4):331-347
[26]张振淼,逢增祯.轨道车辆碰撞能量吸收装置原理及结构设计(续完).国外铁道车辆,2001,38(4)：1-19
[27]Frank Muller.轻轨车辆的制造.国外铁道车辆,2000,37(5)：7-11
[28]Wilfried Wolter铁道车辆的防碰撞要求、设计原理和初步结果.国外铁道车辆,2004,41(2)：23～30
[29]John Lewis铁路客车冲击试验研究.国外铁道车辆,1999,36(4)：31～32
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