Ka频段雨衰测量系统及其衰减计算仿真软件设计与实现
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摘要
鉴于Ka频段具有可用带宽宽、干扰少、设备体积小的特点,Ka频段的卫星通信成为国内外的研究热点。但同时由于Ka波段的频率比较高,也带来下面的缺点:降雨衰减大。那么研究降雨的物理特性,分析降雨影响电波传播的机理,获取降雨衰减的统计数据,结合数学模型采用或修正成熟的抗雨衰技术是现阶段的研究重点。
基于以上需求,本文将设计并实现一套Ka频段雨衰测量和分析系统,该系统是一套集降雨特征数据收集、Ka频段通信衰减数据观测与记录、测量数据处理与分析和衰减计算分析软件为一体的系统。在实现本系统的过程中主要的工作包括:
1.对Ka频段雨衰测量和分析系统的功能进行需求分析,明确该系统所需要完成的主要功能,按照功能对系统进行划分,给出该系统的总体设计方案。
2.给出了测量系统结构;详细介绍了降雨特征测量子系统和Ka频段传播衰减测量子系统的设计和实现;以及各个子系统的实验参数,实验数据的检测、记录和初步处理方法。
3.对降雨影响电波传播的机理、雨滴谱、特征衰减、衰减预报模型等理论进行了研究,着重研究了ITU-R降雨预报模型,总结了修正该模型参数的理论依据。在这些理论基础上给出了衰减测量数据的处理方法和分析结果,和最终形成的基础算法。
4.结合Matlab基础理论算法,设计并开发了Ka频段衰减计算分析软件,给出了软件整体架构的设计,以及功能的实现;并对软件进行了完整的功能测试。
经过软硬件测试表明,本文所设计的Ka频段雨衰测量和分析系统的功能模块与接口工作正常且稳定。
In view of the Ka-band with the characteristics of available bandwidth, less interference, and small devices, Ka-band satellite communications become the research focus both at home and abroad. Meanwhile the high frequency of the Ka-band also brings the following disadvantage: big rainfall attenuation. Therefore, the key research at present is to study the physical characteristics of rainfall, analyze the mechanism of how rainfall affects radio propagation, obtain rainfall attenuation statistics, apply and modify mature technology of resistance to rain attenuation with mathematical models.
Based on the above, this paper will design and implement a system for the measurement and analysis of the Ka-band rain attenuation, which is a set of system containing the rainfall data collection, the observation and record of Ka-band communication attenuation data, the processing and analysis of the measuring data, and the software of attenuation calculation analysis. In the process of implementation of this system, it mainly includes the followings:
1. It analyzes by demand the Ka-band rain attenuation measurement and the function of the analysis system, definitely sets the main functions of the system need to be done, divides the system by functions, and gives out the overall design scheme.
2. It gives the measurement system and details the design and implementation of subsystems of measurement of rainfall characteristics and Ka-band attenuation; Besides, it also details various subsystems of the experimental parameters, experimental data, testing, record and initial treatment.
3. It studies the theory of the mechanism of how rainfall affects radio propagation, Raindrops spectrum, features attenuation, attenuation prediction models, and especially focuses on the ITU-R rainfall forecasting model. And then the theoretical basis of the amendment of model parameters is summarized. Based on these theories, the followings are given out, the processing method and analysis result of attenuation measurement data, and the basis of algorithms.
4. Combined with the basic theory Matlab algorithm, it designs and develops a Ka-band attenuation analysis software, gives out the overall architecture of software design and implementation functions; and sets a software for a complete functional test.
After the hardware and software testing it shows that the designed Ka-band rain attenuation measurement and functional modules and interface of analysis system work properly and stably
基于以上需求,本文将设计并实现一套Ka频段雨衰测量和分析系统,该系统是一套集降雨特征数据收集、Ka频段通信衰减数据观测与记录、测量数据处理与分析和衰减计算分析软件为一体的系统。在实现本系统的过程中主要的工作包括:
1.对Ka频段雨衰测量和分析系统的功能进行需求分析,明确该系统所需要完成的主要功能,按照功能对系统进行划分,给出该系统的总体设计方案。
2.给出了测量系统结构;详细介绍了降雨特征测量子系统和Ka频段传播衰减测量子系统的设计和实现;以及各个子系统的实验参数,实验数据的检测、记录和初步处理方法。
3.对降雨影响电波传播的机理、雨滴谱、特征衰减、衰减预报模型等理论进行了研究,着重研究了ITU-R降雨预报模型,总结了修正该模型参数的理论依据。在这些理论基础上给出了衰减测量数据的处理方法和分析结果,和最终形成的基础算法。
4.结合Matlab基础理论算法,设计并开发了Ka频段衰减计算分析软件,给出了软件整体架构的设计,以及功能的实现;并对软件进行了完整的功能测试。
经过软硬件测试表明,本文所设计的Ka频段雨衰测量和分析系统的功能模块与接口工作正常且稳定。
In view of the Ka-band with the characteristics of available bandwidth, less interference, and small devices, Ka-band satellite communications become the research focus both at home and abroad. Meanwhile the high frequency of the Ka-band also brings the following disadvantage: big rainfall attenuation. Therefore, the key research at present is to study the physical characteristics of rainfall, analyze the mechanism of how rainfall affects radio propagation, obtain rainfall attenuation statistics, apply and modify mature technology of resistance to rain attenuation with mathematical models.
Based on the above, this paper will design and implement a system for the measurement and analysis of the Ka-band rain attenuation, which is a set of system containing the rainfall data collection, the observation and record of Ka-band communication attenuation data, the processing and analysis of the measuring data, and the software of attenuation calculation analysis. In the process of implementation of this system, it mainly includes the followings:
1. It analyzes by demand the Ka-band rain attenuation measurement and the function of the analysis system, definitely sets the main functions of the system need to be done, divides the system by functions, and gives out the overall design scheme.
2. It gives the measurement system and details the design and implementation of subsystems of measurement of rainfall characteristics and Ka-band attenuation; Besides, it also details various subsystems of the experimental parameters, experimental data, testing, record and initial treatment.
3. It studies the theory of the mechanism of how rainfall affects radio propagation, Raindrops spectrum, features attenuation, attenuation prediction models, and especially focuses on the ITU-R rainfall forecasting model. And then the theoretical basis of the amendment of model parameters is summarized. Based on these theories, the followings are given out, the processing method and analysis result of attenuation measurement data, and the basis of algorithms.
4. Combined with the basic theory Matlab algorithm, it designs and develops a Ka-band attenuation analysis software, gives out the overall architecture of software design and implementation functions; and sets a software for a complete functional test.
After the hardware and software testing it shows that the designed Ka-band rain attenuation measurement and functional modules and interface of analysis system work properly and stably
引文
[1]汪春霆,王爱华.Ka频段卫星通信系统的设计[J].电信快报.2000年第5期.P30-32。
[2]徐晓慧,Ka频段的抗雨衰对策.无线电工程.2004年04期。
[3]陈道明.新一代Ka频段通信卫星[J].国际太空.2002年5月.P8-11。
[4]赵彬,王俊毅.Ka频段卫星通信研究[J].科技信息.2008年第30期.P25。
[5]成跃进.Ka波段通信卫星与Ka波段转发器技术[J].空间电子技术.2000年第2期.P20。
[6]赵振维,吴振森,沈广德等.一种计算云雾毫米波衰减的经验模式.电波科学学报.2000年,15(3),300-303。
[7]弓树宏.雨、雾等效介电特性和传播特性的系统辨识研究[D].西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文.2003年。
[8] Olsen.R.L,D.V. Rogers and D.B.Hodge.The aRb relation in calculation of rain attenuation[J].IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag.1978,26(2).P318-329.
[9]徐向前,张红武,朱明东.雨滴粒径的测量方法及其改进研究[J].中国水土保持.2004年第2期.P22。
[10]刘红燕.雨滴谱仪器的设计与雨滴谱资料的分析[D].中国科学院研究生院博士学位论文.2006年。
[11]熊皓.无线电波传播[M].第一版.北京:电子工业出版社.2000年.P487—531。
[12]王振河,王增利,郑军.Ka频段卫星通信雨衰分析及解决对策.飞行器测控学报.2005年12月.P2。
[13]陆建平.K a频段卫星通信系统降雨衰减分析.通信系统与网络技术.2008年第34期.P4。
[14]郝学坤,张小来,李文铎.卫星通信链路中的雨衰动态特性分析.无线电工程.2006年第10期.P54。
[15] Fedi,F.. Atenuation due to rain on terrestrial path.Alta Frequenza[J]. 1979,66(4). P167 -184.
[16] ITU-R.Propagation data and prediction methods for the design of terrestrial line-of - sight systems[S].Rec.P530-8.International Telecommunication Union.Geneva.1999.
[17] ITU-R.Specific attenuation model for rain for use in prediction methods[S]. ITU-R. Rec.P.838.International Telecommunication Union.Geneva.1994.
[18] ITU-R.Propagation data and prediction mehods required for the design of earth- space telecommunication systems[S]. ITU-R.Rec. P618-1.P Series Volume, Radio wave propagation, Geneva,1996.
[19] ITU-R.Document 2/36-E. Draft revision to Recommendation[S]. ITU-R.P 618- 5 .ITU-R.study group 3 meeting. Geneva.1999.
[20] ITU-R Doc.3J/96-E.An improved prediction method of rain attenuation for terrestrial light-of sight path[S]. Setember.2005.
[21] OTT Operating Instructions: Present Weather Sensor Parsivel.
[22] OTT Operating Instructions: Parsivel Application Software ASDO.
[23]濮江平,赵国强,蔡定军等.Parsivel激光降水粒子谱仪及其在气象领域的应用.气象与环境科学.2007年5月.第30卷第2期。
[24]弓树宏,电磁波在对流层中传输与散射若干问题研究[D] .西安电子科技大学博士学位论文.2008。
[25] M.Z.Gao, T.S.Yeo, P.S.Kooi and M.S.Leong. Rain Attenuation Calculation Using Dielectric Mixturewith Deformed Rain Drops[C], Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. 1993, IGARSS '93. Better Understanding of Earth Environment., International. 1250-1252.
[26] Robert Tabor, Microsoft .NET XML Web Services, China Machine Press.
[27]刘维.精通Matlab与C/C++混合程序设计.北京航空航天大学出版社.2008年1月。
[28] Jack Phan, MATLAB-C# for Engineers, CreateSpace, May 31, 1010.
[29] Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson, John Vlissides. Design Patterns Elements of Resuable Object-Oriented Software. China Machine Press.
[30] Martin Fowler. Patterns of Enterprise Application Architecture. China Machine Press.
[31] Jing,H.Sano and M.Sekin.Weibull raindrop-size distribution and its application to rain attenuation[J].IEE Proc.Micro Antenna propagation,1997,144(3).P197-200.
[32] A.M.Greene, A.W.Robertson, S.Kirshner. Analysis of Indian monsoon daily rainfall on subseasonal to multidecadal time-scales using a hidden Markov model. Wiley InterScience, 27 May 2008.
[33] Nancy Tran, Daniel A. Reed. Automatic ARIMA Time Series Modeling for Adaptive I/O Prefetching. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, Vol 15, No 4, April 2004.
[34]汪一亭,魏臻.基于Markov模型的离散事件系统稳态与暂态的分析.计算机工程与应用.2009,45(3) .P226。
[35]赵振维,董庆生,胡大章.毫米波传播特性研究.目标与环境特性研究.1998年第三期,P39-50。
[2]徐晓慧,Ka频段的抗雨衰对策.无线电工程.2004年04期。
[3]陈道明.新一代Ka频段通信卫星[J].国际太空.2002年5月.P8-11。
[4]赵彬,王俊毅.Ka频段卫星通信研究[J].科技信息.2008年第30期.P25。
[5]成跃进.Ka波段通信卫星与Ka波段转发器技术[J].空间电子技术.2000年第2期.P20。
[6]赵振维,吴振森,沈广德等.一种计算云雾毫米波衰减的经验模式.电波科学学报.2000年,15(3),300-303。
[7]弓树宏.雨、雾等效介电特性和传播特性的系统辨识研究[D].西安电子科技大学硕士学位论文.2003年。
[8] Olsen.R.L,D.V. Rogers and D.B.Hodge.The aRb relation in calculation of rain attenuation[J].IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag.1978,26(2).P318-329.
[9]徐向前,张红武,朱明东.雨滴粒径的测量方法及其改进研究[J].中国水土保持.2004年第2期.P22。
[10]刘红燕.雨滴谱仪器的设计与雨滴谱资料的分析[D].中国科学院研究生院博士学位论文.2006年。
[11]熊皓.无线电波传播[M].第一版.北京:电子工业出版社.2000年.P487—531。
[12]王振河,王增利,郑军.Ka频段卫星通信雨衰分析及解决对策.飞行器测控学报.2005年12月.P2。
[13]陆建平.K a频段卫星通信系统降雨衰减分析.通信系统与网络技术.2008年第34期.P4。
[14]郝学坤,张小来,李文铎.卫星通信链路中的雨衰动态特性分析.无线电工程.2006年第10期.P54。
[15] Fedi,F.. Atenuation due to rain on terrestrial path.Alta Frequenza[J]. 1979,66(4). P167 -184.
[16] ITU-R.Propagation data and prediction methods for the design of terrestrial line-of - sight systems[S].Rec.P530-8.International Telecommunication Union.Geneva.1999.
[17] ITU-R.Specific attenuation model for rain for use in prediction methods[S]. ITU-R. Rec.P.838.International Telecommunication Union.Geneva.1994.
[18] ITU-R.Propagation data and prediction mehods required for the design of earth- space telecommunication systems[S]. ITU-R.Rec. P618-1.P Series Volume, Radio wave propagation, Geneva,1996.
[19] ITU-R.Document 2/36-E. Draft revision to Recommendation[S]. ITU-R.P 618- 5 .ITU-R.study group 3 meeting. Geneva.1999.
[20] ITU-R Doc.3J/96-E.An improved prediction method of rain attenuation for terrestrial light-of sight path[S]. Setember.2005.
[21] OTT Operating Instructions: Present Weather Sensor Parsivel.
[22] OTT Operating Instructions: Parsivel Application Software ASDO.
[23]濮江平,赵国强,蔡定军等.Parsivel激光降水粒子谱仪及其在气象领域的应用.气象与环境科学.2007年5月.第30卷第2期。
[24]弓树宏,电磁波在对流层中传输与散射若干问题研究[D] .西安电子科技大学博士学位论文.2008。
[25] M.Z.Gao, T.S.Yeo, P.S.Kooi and M.S.Leong. Rain Attenuation Calculation Using Dielectric Mixturewith Deformed Rain Drops[C], Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. 1993, IGARSS '93. Better Understanding of Earth Environment., International. 1250-1252.
[26] Robert Tabor, Microsoft .NET XML Web Services, China Machine Press.
[27]刘维.精通Matlab与C/C++混合程序设计.北京航空航天大学出版社.2008年1月。
[28] Jack Phan, MATLAB-C# for Engineers, CreateSpace, May 31, 1010.
[29] Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson, John Vlissides. Design Patterns Elements of Resuable Object-Oriented Software. China Machine Press.
[30] Martin Fowler. Patterns of Enterprise Application Architecture. China Machine Press.
[31] Jing,H.Sano and M.Sekin.Weibull raindrop-size distribution and its application to rain attenuation[J].IEE Proc.Micro Antenna propagation,1997,144(3).P197-200.
[32] A.M.Greene, A.W.Robertson, S.Kirshner. Analysis of Indian monsoon daily rainfall on subseasonal to multidecadal time-scales using a hidden Markov model. Wiley InterScience, 27 May 2008.
[33] Nancy Tran, Daniel A. Reed. Automatic ARIMA Time Series Modeling for Adaptive I/O Prefetching. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, Vol 15, No 4, April 2004.
[34]汪一亭,魏臻.基于Markov模型的离散事件系统稳态与暂态的分析.计算机工程与应用.2009,45(3) .P226。
[35]赵振维,董庆生,胡大章.毫米波传播特性研究.目标与环境特性研究.1998年第三期,P39-50。