基于FPGA的振镜激光扫描系统控制卡的设计与研究
摘要
三维振镜激光扫描系统长期以来只能从国外进口,存在着价格昂贵、维修困难、技术受限等方面的问题。为此,华中科技大学快速制造中心成功研发出拥有自主知识产权的三维振镜激光扫描系统并投入使用。但是,作为系统核心部件的控制卡仍采用通用板卡的设计形式,存在着传输速率低、实时性差、升级困难等问题。为此,本文围绕三维振镜激光扫描系统控制卡的相关问题,从控制卡的数据传输、实时性、可升级性三个方面,对控制卡进行了相关研究,其主要研究内容如下:
在数据传输方面,本文研究了PCI总线与接口芯片PCI9052,以及总线位宽的转换方法。为了提高数据传输的速率,本文采用了猝发传输以及PCI9052地址/数据总线复用模式,并在整个传输过程中不对地址进行处理。
在实时性方面,本文研究了中断与先入先出(First In First Out,简称FIFO)存储器缓冲的方法和控制卡硬件插补的方法结合,包括异步FIFO中亚稳态的产生原因并成功使用乒乓操作避免亚稳态的产生。本文还研究了控制卡插补的相关问题,提出了三维振镜激光扫描系统控制卡插补计算的步骤及具体的插补算法。
在可升级性方面,本文研究了现场可编程逻辑阵列(Field Programmable Gate Array,简称FPGA)的原理及其使用方法,将FIFO存储器与硬件插补器在控制卡FPGA内部实现,并通过数字时钟管理(Digital Clock Management,简称DCM)模块配合数字逻辑对时钟进行倍频与分频的方法。
本文通过对控制卡数据传输、实时性、可升级性方面的研究,将为三维振镜激光扫描系统控制卡的设计与研发提供理论基础。
In such a long time, the application of three-dimensional galvanomentric scanning system merely relies on importing. Rapid Processing Laboratory in Huazhong University of Science & Technology has developed its own one, which Independent Intellectual Property Rights and the scanning controlling board is the key part of it. This thesis discusses about the way of designing the scanning controlling board of the three-dimensional Galvanomentric scanning system.
PCI bus now is one of the most familiar bus. This thesis discusses about the interface of PCI bus and the way of using chip PCI9052, especially about the local clock, burst transfers, the address space configuration, registers configuration and so on.
FIFO (First In First Out) is a way which always used as the buffer for data transfers. The thesis discusses about the designing of asynchronous FIFO (FIFO with its write clock differing from read clock.) problem and Ping-Pong operation as for the solusion of metastability.
Hardware interpolation is more and more popular now because of its high speed and high timelineness. The thesis discusses about the interpolation and its application in FPGA.
All clocks in three-dimensional galvanomentric scanning system are transformed from the PCI clock. Clocks are used in the scanning controlling board need frequency multiplication, frequency division and delay. The thesis discusses about the application of frequency multiplication, frequency division and delay in FPGA and usage of DCM (Digital Clock Management) from Xilinx Company.
In the part of DA, latch is used in this system, and it can easily help to store data.
在数据传输方面,本文研究了PCI总线与接口芯片PCI9052,以及总线位宽的转换方法。为了提高数据传输的速率,本文采用了猝发传输以及PCI9052地址/数据总线复用模式,并在整个传输过程中不对地址进行处理。
在实时性方面,本文研究了中断与先入先出(First In First Out,简称FIFO)存储器缓冲的方法和控制卡硬件插补的方法结合,包括异步FIFO中亚稳态的产生原因并成功使用乒乓操作避免亚稳态的产生。本文还研究了控制卡插补的相关问题,提出了三维振镜激光扫描系统控制卡插补计算的步骤及具体的插补算法。
在可升级性方面,本文研究了现场可编程逻辑阵列(Field Programmable Gate Array,简称FPGA)的原理及其使用方法,将FIFO存储器与硬件插补器在控制卡FPGA内部实现,并通过数字时钟管理(Digital Clock Management,简称DCM)模块配合数字逻辑对时钟进行倍频与分频的方法。
本文通过对控制卡数据传输、实时性、可升级性方面的研究,将为三维振镜激光扫描系统控制卡的设计与研发提供理论基础。
In such a long time, the application of three-dimensional galvanomentric scanning system merely relies on importing. Rapid Processing Laboratory in Huazhong University of Science & Technology has developed its own one, which Independent Intellectual Property Rights and the scanning controlling board is the key part of it. This thesis discusses about the way of designing the scanning controlling board of the three-dimensional Galvanomentric scanning system.
PCI bus now is one of the most familiar bus. This thesis discusses about the interface of PCI bus and the way of using chip PCI9052, especially about the local clock, burst transfers, the address space configuration, registers configuration and so on.
FIFO (First In First Out) is a way which always used as the buffer for data transfers. The thesis discusses about the designing of asynchronous FIFO (FIFO with its write clock differing from read clock.) problem and Ping-Pong operation as for the solusion of metastability.
Hardware interpolation is more and more popular now because of its high speed and high timelineness. The thesis discusses about the interpolation and its application in FPGA.
All clocks in three-dimensional galvanomentric scanning system are transformed from the PCI clock. Clocks are used in the scanning controlling board need frequency multiplication, frequency division and delay. The thesis discusses about the application of frequency multiplication, frequency division and delay in FPGA and usage of DCM (Digital Clock Management) from Xilinx Company.
In the part of DA, latch is used in this system, and it can easily help to store data.
引文
[1]张国顺.现代激光制造技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社.2006:9-11
[2]曹凤国.激光加工技术[M].北京:北京科学技术出版社,2007:2-3
[3]张永康.激光加工技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004
[4]陈苗海.国内外激光加工产业和市场发展概况[J].光机电信息,2004, 9:1-11
[5] Strategies Unlimited. LASER MARKETPLACE 2009: Photonics enters a period of high anxiety [J]. Laser Focus World, January, 2009
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[7]中国光学光电子行业协会激光分会秘书处.2006年中国激光产业的发展[EB]. www.coema.org.cn/sum/laser/20070924/162618.html, 2007-09-24
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[9]樊自田主编.材料成形装备及自动化[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006:281-282
[10]网络.激光标刻控制系统及其发展[EB].www.coema.org.cn/study/li/20071228/ 104355.html.2007-12-28
[11]新加坡波长科技.3-D动态扫描系统[EB]. http://www.wavelength-tech.com/ technical01_cn.htm
[12] Advantehc. PCI-1723 Datasheet.
[13] Scanlab.Control and Versatility RTC3, RTC4[M].Scanlab, 2005:11
[14] GSI. HC3 WinMCL Datasheet[M]. GSI, 2007:8
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[16]李向阳,李耀.一种Windows 2000下连续输出数据的PCI卡[J].电子技术与应用,2004, 5:7-12
[17]罗学科谢富春主编.数控原理与数控机床[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004
[18] PCI Local Bus Specification. Revision 2.2. 1998:12,18
[19] Xilinx.Spartan-3E FPGA Family: Complete Data sheet, 2007, 3
[20]曾繁泰,冯保初.PCI总线与多媒体计算机[M].北京:电子工业出版社,1998
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[22]李贯山,戚德虎.PCI局部总线开发者指南[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1997
[23]孙恺.基于ARM和FPGA的数控系统的硬件设计.[硕士学位论文].北京:北京航空航天大学,2004
[24] PLX Technology, Inc. PCI9052 Data Book. V2.1, 2008,12
[25]王福勋,余恬,任思成.PCI总线接口设计中的几点体会[J].半导体技术,2001,26:8
[26]李学勇,路长厚.基于PCI9052的PCI设备的配置方法[J].国外电子测量技术,2004,增刊:29-32
[27]潘志强,李演仁.PCI9052接口电路的功能及应用[J].电子元器件应用,2003,12:33-35
[28]马捷中,刘晶晶,郭阳明等.利用PCI9052设计实现1553B接口卡[J].测控技术,2006,25,5:67-74
[29]王道宪.CPLD/FPGA可编程逻辑器件应用与开发[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2004
[30]廖惠如.CPLD失色,FPGA全盛时代登场?[J].嵌入式系统,2009,4:41
[31] ANALOG DEVICES.AD669 Data Sheets
[32]孙辉军,周有庆,彭红海.16位D/A转换芯片AD669在微机保护测试仪中的应用[J].中国仪器仪表.2004,1:32-34
[33] ANALOG DEVICES.AD667 Data Sheets
[34]王书娟,张雅绮,王飞飞.数字时钟管理系统及其应用[J].电子测量技术.2006,10:110-111
[35]田耘、徐文波.FPGA开发实用教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2008
[36] Xilinx, Inc. Libraries Guide ISE 8.1i. 2005:323-330
[37]夏宇闻.Verilog数字系统设计教程[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003
[38] Vijay A. Nebhrajani, Asynchronous FIFO Architechtures[J]. Cisco Systems, San jose, 2005,7:1-18
[39] Po-Kai Huang, Cheng-Shang Chang. Recursive Constructions of Parallel FIFO and LIFO Queues With Switched Delay Lines[J]. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory. 2007,5:1778-1798
[40]吴自信,张嗣忠.异步FIFO结构及FPGA设计[J].半导体与嵌入式系统应用,2003,8:24-30
[41] Christine. Asynchronous design on FPGA. [thesis of Master degree]. University of Toronto, 2004
[42]汪宏志.基于FPGA的大动态范围成像反馈系统研究[硕士学位论文].杭州:浙江大学,2008
[43]董玉红.数控技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2004.2:35
[44]汪木兰,左健民,王中华.基于FPGA/CPLD数控系统插补智能芯片设计[J].中国制造业信息,2006,11,35,21:50-54
[45]聂胜伟,陆士强,程恩惠. 32位嵌入式系统中扩展精度数学算法实现[J].计算机工程.2006,12:271-272
[2]曹凤国.激光加工技术[M].北京:北京科学技术出版社,2007:2-3
[3]张永康.激光加工技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004
[4]陈苗海.国内外激光加工产业和市场发展概况[J].光机电信息,2004, 9:1-11
[5] Strategies Unlimited. LASER MARKETPLACE 2009: Photonics enters a period of high anxiety [J]. Laser Focus World, January, 2009
[6] COEMA.2005年中国激光产业发展浅析[EB]. www.coema.org.cn/sum/laser/ 20070910/202143.html, 2007-09-10
[7]中国光学光电子行业协会激光分会秘书处.2006年中国激光产业的发展[EB]. www.coema.org.cn/sum/laser/20070924/162618.html, 2007-09-24
[8] COEMA.激光世界统计:2007年全球商业激光器收入达68.9亿美元[EB]. www.coema.org.cn/sum/laser/20080218/133143.html, 2008-02-18
[9]樊自田主编.材料成形装备及自动化[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006:281-282
[10]网络.激光标刻控制系统及其发展[EB].www.coema.org.cn/study/li/20071228/ 104355.html.2007-12-28
[11]新加坡波长科技.3-D动态扫描系统[EB]. http://www.wavelength-tech.com/ technical01_cn.htm
[12] Advantehc. PCI-1723 Datasheet.
[13] Scanlab.Control and Versatility RTC3, RTC4[M].Scanlab, 2005:11
[14] GSI. HC3 WinMCL Datasheet[M]. GSI, 2007:8
[15] GSI. HC3 WinMCL Manual[M]. GSI, 2006:12
[16]李向阳,李耀.一种Windows 2000下连续输出数据的PCI卡[J].电子技术与应用,2004, 5:7-12
[17]罗学科谢富春主编.数控原理与数控机床[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2004
[18] PCI Local Bus Specification. Revision 2.2. 1998:12,18
[19] Xilinx.Spartan-3E FPGA Family: Complete Data sheet, 2007, 3
[20]曾繁泰,冯保初.PCI总线与多媒体计算机[M].北京:电子工业出版社,1998
[21] Tom Shanley, Don Anderson著,刘晖等译[M].PCI系统结构.北京:电子工业出版社,2000
[22]李贯山,戚德虎.PCI局部总线开发者指南[M].西安:西安电子科技大学出版社,1997
[23]孙恺.基于ARM和FPGA的数控系统的硬件设计.[硕士学位论文].北京:北京航空航天大学,2004
[24] PLX Technology, Inc. PCI9052 Data Book. V2.1, 2008,12
[25]王福勋,余恬,任思成.PCI总线接口设计中的几点体会[J].半导体技术,2001,26:8
[26]李学勇,路长厚.基于PCI9052的PCI设备的配置方法[J].国外电子测量技术,2004,增刊:29-32
[27]潘志强,李演仁.PCI9052接口电路的功能及应用[J].电子元器件应用,2003,12:33-35
[28]马捷中,刘晶晶,郭阳明等.利用PCI9052设计实现1553B接口卡[J].测控技术,2006,25,5:67-74
[29]王道宪.CPLD/FPGA可编程逻辑器件应用与开发[M].北京:国防工业出版社,2004
[30]廖惠如.CPLD失色,FPGA全盛时代登场?[J].嵌入式系统,2009,4:41
[31] ANALOG DEVICES.AD669 Data Sheets
[32]孙辉军,周有庆,彭红海.16位D/A转换芯片AD669在微机保护测试仪中的应用[J].中国仪器仪表.2004,1:32-34
[33] ANALOG DEVICES.AD667 Data Sheets
[34]王书娟,张雅绮,王飞飞.数字时钟管理系统及其应用[J].电子测量技术.2006,10:110-111
[35]田耘、徐文波.FPGA开发实用教程[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2008
[36] Xilinx, Inc. Libraries Guide ISE 8.1i. 2005:323-330
[37]夏宇闻.Verilog数字系统设计教程[M].北京:北京航空航天大学出版社,2003
[38] Vijay A. Nebhrajani, Asynchronous FIFO Architechtures[J]. Cisco Systems, San jose, 2005,7:1-18
[39] Po-Kai Huang, Cheng-Shang Chang. Recursive Constructions of Parallel FIFO and LIFO Queues With Switched Delay Lines[J]. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory. 2007,5:1778-1798
[40]吴自信,张嗣忠.异步FIFO结构及FPGA设计[J].半导体与嵌入式系统应用,2003,8:24-30
[41] Christine. Asynchronous design on FPGA. [thesis of Master degree]. University of Toronto, 2004
[42]汪宏志.基于FPGA的大动态范围成像反馈系统研究[硕士学位论文].杭州:浙江大学,2008
[43]董玉红.数控技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2004.2:35
[44]汪木兰,左健民,王中华.基于FPGA/CPLD数控系统插补智能芯片设计[J].中国制造业信息,2006,11,35,21:50-54
[45]聂胜伟,陆士强,程恩惠. 32位嵌入式系统中扩展精度数学算法实现[J].计算机工程.2006,12:271-272