基于多因素模糊聚类的底板突水危险性预测研究
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摘要
本文针对济阳煤矿六采区10煤层的开采；对采区内10煤层底板水文地质特征及突水危险性进行了详细的分析研究。通过收集采区已有的地质、水文地质勘探资料,分析了采区内10煤层顶底板的地质及水文地质条件,研究了10煤层底板的岩性构成及其组合特征,分析了影响10煤开采的直接、间接充水含水层及含水层之间的水力联系,并得出影响10煤层开采的含水层主要是四五灰,徐奥灰主要通过对四五灰的补给影响煤层开采的结论。本文研究了底板四五灰水压分布特证及10煤层埋藏规律；结合六采区瞬变电磁勘探成果进行含水层富水性分析及断层的含导水性分析；根据10煤层底板至四五灰间距及其岩性组合特征计算了有效隔水层厚度；利用断层分维值采用箱型覆盖法量化了采区的断裂构造指标,合理的评价了采区的断裂构造复杂程度；综合考虑含水层水压、含水层富水性、隔水层阻水性能、煤层埋深及地质构造复杂程度五种因素,采用模糊聚类分析法对研究区10煤层底板突水危险性进行了预测,并对研究区进行了突水危险性分区。对采区内的李家断层及其分支断层、DF3及DF5含导水断层采用《煤矿防治水规定》中断层煤柱的留设、考虑采动矿压作用的煤柱留设及通过RFPA数值模拟得到煤柱留设宽度三种方法分别进行了研究,确定了合理的断层煤柱留设尺寸。
In view of No.10 seam's mining in the sixth section of Jiyang coal mine, this paper made a detailed analysis and study of the hydrogeological characteristics and water invasion danger of No.10 coal seam floor. By the approaches of collecting the previous geology and hydrogeology exploration data of the section, this paper analyzed the geological and hydrogeological conditions of No.10 coal seam roof and floor, made a study of the lithological characters and the combined features of No.10 coal seam floor, analyzed the direct indirect discharge aquifers and hydraulic connection among these aquifers, and drew conclusions that limestone aquifer IV&V was the main discharge aquifer that threatened NO.10 seam mining, limestone aquifer Xu&O had an effect on seam mining by recharging the aquiferⅣ&Ⅴ. This paper dealed with the head pressure's distributive characteristics of limestone aquifer IV&V and the burialdepth of No.10 coal seam; analyzed the water abundance and conductivity of the aquifers and the faults using the transient electromagnetic exploration achievements; modified the aquiclude thickness according to the pitch and lithological association from No.10 seam floor to limestone aquifer IV&V; quantized the structure indexes of the section adopting box-covering method using fractal dimension value of the faults, and rationally evaluated the complexity degree of the structure in the section. This paper made a predibtion of the water invasion danger with the method of fuzzy clustering analysis after comprehensive analyses of all the five influence factors which contained the pressure and water abundance of the aquifer、aquiclude water resistance、mining depth、geological structure, and got a conclusion of the water invasion danger's division. Aiming at setting up fault waterproof pillar for Lijia fault and its branch fault、DF3 faul、DF5 fault, this paper used the formula in the regulation、the way considering mining pressure、numerical simulating method and finally offered the rational remained dimensions.
In view of No.10 seam's mining in the sixth section of Jiyang coal mine, this paper made a detailed analysis and study of the hydrogeological characteristics and water invasion danger of No.10 coal seam floor. By the approaches of collecting the previous geology and hydrogeology exploration data of the section, this paper analyzed the geological and hydrogeological conditions of No.10 coal seam roof and floor, made a study of the lithological characters and the combined features of No.10 coal seam floor, analyzed the direct indirect discharge aquifers and hydraulic connection among these aquifers, and drew conclusions that limestone aquifer IV&V was the main discharge aquifer that threatened NO.10 seam mining, limestone aquifer Xu&O had an effect on seam mining by recharging the aquiferⅣ&Ⅴ. This paper dealed with the head pressure's distributive characteristics of limestone aquifer IV&V and the burialdepth of No.10 coal seam; analyzed the water abundance and conductivity of the aquifers and the faults using the transient electromagnetic exploration achievements; modified the aquiclude thickness according to the pitch and lithological association from No.10 seam floor to limestone aquifer IV&V; quantized the structure indexes of the section adopting box-covering method using fractal dimension value of the faults, and rationally evaluated the complexity degree of the structure in the section. This paper made a predibtion of the water invasion danger with the method of fuzzy clustering analysis after comprehensive analyses of all the five influence factors which contained the pressure and water abundance of the aquifer、aquiclude water resistance、mining depth、geological structure, and got a conclusion of the water invasion danger's division. Aiming at setting up fault waterproof pillar for Lijia fault and its branch fault、DF3 faul、DF5 fault, this paper used the formula in the regulation、the way considering mining pressure、numerical simulating method and finally offered the rational remained dimensions.
引文
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32.李家祥.用模糊数学预测煤层底板的突水[J].山东矿业学院学报,1990(1):45-47
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2.沈光寒,李白英,吴戈.矿井特殊开采的理论与实践[M].煤炭工业出版社,1992:20-25
3黎良杰.采场底板突水机理的研究[M].北京：中国矿业大学,1995:50
4.施龙青,宋振骐.采场底板“四带”划分理论研究[J].焦作工学院学报(自然科学版),2000(4)：241-245
5.王作宇.底板零位破坏带最大深度的分析计算[J].煤炭科学技术,1992(2):2-6
6.张金才,张玉卓,刘天泉.岩体渗流与底板突水[M].北京：地震出版社,1997
7.王成绪,邓中.煤层开采过程中底板突水的弹塑性有限元模拟及初步分析[J].北京大学学报,1990(6)：711-719
8.王吉松,关英斌.煤层底板突水研究的理论和方法[J].煤炭科技,2006(1):113-115
9. L.A.Zadeh. Fuzzy Sets[J]. Information and Control,1965(8):338-353
10.毕贤顺,王晋平.矿井底板突水的数值模拟[J].淮南矿业学院学报,1997(1):12-16
11.褚廷民,谭可夫.承压开采底板破坏深度数值模拟研究[J].陕西煤炭科技,1999(1):13-19
12.王延福,庞西岐等.岩溶矿井煤层底板突水的非线性动力学模型[J].中国岩溶,2000,19(1)：54-56
13.张俊英.大倾角多煤层条带开采三维有限元模拟研究[J].煤炭学报,1999(3):242-246
14.国家煤炭工业局.建筑物、水体、铁路及主要井巷煤柱留设与压煤开采规程[M],北京：煤炭工业出版社,2000.
15. QIAN Ming-gao, MIAO Xie-xing, XU Jia-lin. Key theoretical research of rock layer control [J]. Journal of Coal Science & Engineering,1996,21(31):44-47
16.王作宇,刘鸿泉.承压水上采煤[M].北京：煤炭工业出版社,1993
17.李子林.大采深条件下徐、奥灰突水机理与防治研究[D].山东青岛：山东科技大学,2007
18.冯启言,陈启辉.煤层开采底板破坏深度的动态模拟[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,1998(3)：71-73
19.(波)M.鲍莱茨基,M.胡戴克著,于振海,刘天泉译.矿山岩体力学[M].北京：煤炭工业 出版社,1985.7
20.(苏)N.A.多尔恰尼诺夫,赵义译.构造应力与井巷工程稳定性[M].北京：煤炭工业出版社,1984.8
21.B.斯列萨列夫.水体下安全采煤的条件[J].国外矿山防治水技术的发展和实践,冶金矿山设计院,1983
22.张文泉,俞海玲.应用层次分析法确定矿井顶板涌水影响因素的权值[J].矿业安全与环保,2006,24:50-52
23. SHI Long-qing, HAN Jin. Theory and practice of dividing coal mining area floor into four-zone[J]. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology,2005,42(1):16-23
24.尹会永.潘西煤矿煤层底板突水机理及预报预测研究[D].山东青岛：山东科技大学,2007.6
25.汪宏志.基于GIS的煤层底板灰岩水突出危险性综合评价[D].安徽淮南：安徽理工大学,2009.6
26.王延福,靳德武等.岩溶煤矿矿井煤层底板突水非线性预测方法研究[J].中国岩溶,1998,17(1)：23-26
27.李定龙.应用神经网络对煤矿突水预测评价[J].煤,1998,7(6):19
28.江东,王建华,陈佩佩,杨木根.基于神经网络的煤矿底板突水预测[J].灾害学,1999,14(1)：35-38
29.余永洋,李忠凯,用模糊聚类分析方法评价10煤底板突水危险性[J], 煤炭技术,2004.9
30. Oda M, Pernieability tensor for discontinuous rock masses[J]. Geotechnique,1985, (35)4: 483-495
31.刘伟韬,张文泉,李加祥.用层次分析—模糊评判进行底板突水安全性评价[J].煤炭学报,2000,25(3)：32-34
32.李家祥.用模糊数学预测煤层底板的突水[J].山东矿业学院学报,1990(1):45-47
33.杨永国,李宾亭等.鹤壁矿务局矿井突水等级模糊综合评判及预测[J].中国矿业大学学报,1998,27(2)：18-20
34.柳聪亮等.底板采动导水破坏带深度求取方法研究[M].煤矿开采,2010.10,38-41
35.靳德武,王延福.华北型煤田矿坑突水因素的信息分析[J].煤田地质与勘探,1998(26)；22-24
36. Derek Elsworth, Mao Bai. Flow-deformation of dual-porosity media[J]. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1992,Vol.18, No.1
37.黎良杰,钱鸣高等.底板岩体结构稳定性与底板突水关系的研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,1995(4)：18-23
38.B.H.G布雷斯,E.T.布朗,冯树仁等译.地下采矿岩石力学[M].北京：煤炭工业出版社,1990
39.施龙青,韩进等.用突水概率指数法预测采场底板突水[J].中国矿业大学学报,1999,28(5)：12-14
40. Ruspini E.H. A new approach to clustering[J]. Information and Control,1969,15:22-32
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