基于GEM模型的DY镇产业集群研究
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摘要
产业集群理论对发展当地经济的作用已经被大量的实践所证明,然而在我国绝大多数地区,尤其是地方政府对产业集群的认识还停留在较低的层次,片面的认为只是大量的产业在某个园区或地区地域的集中,并没有深入的探索其内在的发展机制和运行机理,由此导致政策的制订缺少针对性,不能有效的促进当地产业集群的发展。GEM模型是建立在波特钻石理论的基础上引入的定量分析方法。通过定量分析产业集群存在的问题,来揭示其面临的发展困境。本文主要的研究目的就是通过国内外产业集群的对比,找出困扰我国产业集群发展的问题,并通过对影响大营镇产业集群竞争力的因素进行定量的分析,找出具体问题所在,并给出相应的解决方案。
河北省大营镇地处河北南部,是河北省和全国的综合改革试点镇,也是中国皮毛加工业的发源地之一,被誉为“天下裘都”。大营镇产业集群的产品早期以外贸为主内销为辅,随着人民币汇率的上升和国际金融危机的影响,对外贸易面临着严峻的形式,产业集群内企业急需提高集群竞争力,加快产业升级。针对大营镇产业集群的问题,本文就其存在的问题提出在产业集群的创新能力、辅助行业和人才培养等方面进行加强,以提高产业集群的核心竞争力,打造具有国内乃至世界竞争力的产业集群。
Industrial cluster theory's role of developing the local economy has been proven by a large number of practise. However, in most area of our country, especially local government, the understanding of industrial clusters remain in the lower levels.In the one side, they think that it's only a large number of industrial parks or concentrate in a particular geographic area, without exploring its internal development mechanism and operation mechanism in depth, which lead the lack of specific policy development. So, it is impossible to promote the development of local industry cluster. The model of GEM introduce puantitative analysis, which is based on the Porter Diamond Theory. It reveal the difficulties of the development of Industrial cluster throuth the finding of its problem by quantitative analysis. The main purpose of this study is to find the troubled question of Chinese industrial cluster development through the comparison of domestic and industrial clusters and to find the specific problem and the corresponding solutions by the quantitative analysis of the factors of affecting the competitiveness of Daying town.
Daying town, which is in the south of Hebei Province, is the comprehensive reform town of Hebei Province and China. It is also one of origin of fur processing industry in China known as "the fur capital in the world". The product of Daying Town's industrial cluster is concetrated on foreign trade, supplemented by domestic sell in early period.With the rise of renminbi exchange rate and the influence of international Financial crisis, foreign trade is facing a severe situation and the enterprises in industrial clusters badly need to improve their competitiveness and accelerate industrial upgrading. Aiming at the problem of Daying town industrial cluster, this article suggests to improve innovation ability, support industries and personnel training of its industrial cluster to promote its core capability. At last, we hope it will be established as a competitive industrial cluster in China even in the world.
河北省大营镇地处河北南部,是河北省和全国的综合改革试点镇,也是中国皮毛加工业的发源地之一,被誉为“天下裘都”。大营镇产业集群的产品早期以外贸为主内销为辅,随着人民币汇率的上升和国际金融危机的影响,对外贸易面临着严峻的形式,产业集群内企业急需提高集群竞争力,加快产业升级。针对大营镇产业集群的问题,本文就其存在的问题提出在产业集群的创新能力、辅助行业和人才培养等方面进行加强,以提高产业集群的核心竞争力,打造具有国内乃至世界竞争力的产业集群。
Industrial cluster theory's role of developing the local economy has been proven by a large number of practise. However, in most area of our country, especially local government, the understanding of industrial clusters remain in the lower levels.In the one side, they think that it's only a large number of industrial parks or concentrate in a particular geographic area, without exploring its internal development mechanism and operation mechanism in depth, which lead the lack of specific policy development. So, it is impossible to promote the development of local industry cluster. The model of GEM introduce puantitative analysis, which is based on the Porter Diamond Theory. It reveal the difficulties of the development of Industrial cluster throuth the finding of its problem by quantitative analysis. The main purpose of this study is to find the troubled question of Chinese industrial cluster development through the comparison of domestic and industrial clusters and to find the specific problem and the corresponding solutions by the quantitative analysis of the factors of affecting the competitiveness of Daying town.
Daying town, which is in the south of Hebei Province, is the comprehensive reform town of Hebei Province and China. It is also one of origin of fur processing industry in China known as "the fur capital in the world". The product of Daying Town's industrial cluster is concetrated on foreign trade, supplemented by domestic sell in early period.With the rise of renminbi exchange rate and the influence of international Financial crisis, foreign trade is facing a severe situation and the enterprises in industrial clusters badly need to improve their competitiveness and accelerate industrial upgrading. Aiming at the problem of Daying town industrial cluster, this article suggests to improve innovation ability, support industries and personnel training of its industrial cluster to promote its core capability. At last, we hope it will be established as a competitive industrial cluster in China even in the world.
引文
[1] Tim Padmore, Hervey Gibson. Modelling systems of innovation: II. A Framework For Industrial Cluster Analysis In Regions [J].Research Policy, 1998 (26): 625-641.
[2] Hart and Simmie J. Innovation Competition and the Structure of Local Production Network[J]. Local Economy (11): 234-246.
[3] Harrld Bathelt, Ersmalmberg, Peter Maskell. Cluster and knowledge: local buzz, global pipelines and the process of knowledge creation [J]. Progress in Geography, 2004, 28 (1):31-56.
[4] Henry G. Overman, Stephen Redding, Anthony Jivenables. The Economic Geography of Trade, Production and Income: A Survey of Empirics [ R].NBER ,Working Paper , 2001:22-27.
[5] Marjolein Caniels, Henny Rornijn. Small industry cluster, Accumulation of Technological Capabilities and Development: A conceptual Framework, ECIS woking Paper,2001(01):05.
[6] Catherine Beaudry, Peter Swann. Growth in Industrial Cluster :a Bird’s Eye View of the United Kingdom[R]. SIEPR Discussion Paper.2001(01): 0-38
[7] Theo J. A. Roelant , Pinden Hertog: Cluster Analysis Cluster-based Policy in OECD Countries, Paris,1998.
[8] Porter,Michael. New Strategies for Inner city Economic Development[J]. Economic Development Quarterly 11(1):11-27.
[9] AnthonyJ, Venable. Cities and Trade:External Trade and Internal Geography in Developing Economies [J] . NBER, Working Paper, 2000.
[10] Bent Dalum. The Formation of Knowledge base Clusters in North Jutland and Western Sweden. Working Paper to the DRUID Conference on National Innovation Systems, 1999.
[11] Michael Albu. Technological Learning and Innovation in Industrial Cluster in the south. SPRV, Electronic Working Paper Series Paper NO.7.
[12] Baptista R. Geographical Clusters and Innovation Diffusion Technoloical Forecasting and Social Cange, 2001,(1):31-46.
[13] Porter Michael: Clusters and The New Economics of Competition HarvardBusiness Review, 1998, 76(6): 77.
[14] Rosenfeld, Stuart A.1995, Industrial Strengths Strategies: Regional Business Clusters an Pubic Policy. Aspen Institute Sven Hem Lin Creative Knowledge Environments in The Innovation System Copenhagen: Copenhagen Business School Working Paper, 2001 (7):1-14.
[15]李新春.企业家协调与企业集群[J].战略管理,2002,(3):49~55.
[16]张元智.基于企业核心竞争能力的产业集聚观点[J].产业经济,2001(10):23-29.
[17]鲁开垠,胡军.广东实施产业集群战略模式与对策研究[J].南方经济,2003,(6):30~32.
[18]范黎波,黄珍.中小企业集群创新机制研究[J].煤炭经济研究,2003(7):12-21
[19]耿帅.共享性资源对集群企业竞争优势的作用机制[J].科学学与科学技术管理, 2006 (11): 154-160.
[20]朱方伟,高畅,王国红.产业集群的核心要素演进分析[J].科学学与科学技术管理, 2004 (2): 66-69.
[21]赵中伟,邵来安.小企业集群竞争优势形成机理与地方政府促进其发展的措施[J].经济问题探索,2002,(10):23-29.
[22]魏守华,石碧华.论企业集群的竞争优势[J].中国工业经济,2002,(1):59-65.
[23]景芝英,徐雪梅.试论聚集经济的本质[J].财经问题研究,1998(11):11-13.
[24]陈雪梅,赵坷.南海中小企业集群的发展轨迹与共同规律[J].特区经济, 2002(6):47-50.
[25]朱海就,张友福.分工、交易效率与我国中小企业发展[J].浙江人学学报, 2000(6):136-141.
[26]张敦富.区域经济原理[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,1999.
[27]芮明杰.产业竞争力的“新钻石模型”[J].社会科学, 2006(4): 69-73.
[28]王缉慈,童昕.简述我国地方产业集群的意义[J].经济地理,2001(1):34-39
[29]仇保兴.发展小企业集群要避免的陷阱——过度竞争所致的“柠檬市场”[J].北京大学学报,1999(1):25-29.
[30]林思达.浙江省中小企业集群发展的主流模式研究[J].技术经济与管理研究. 2001,(6):30-32.
[31]王缉慈.创新空间-企业集群与区域发展,北京:北京大学出版社[M].2001:61.
[32]池仁勇.意大利中小企业集群的形成条件与特征[J].外国经济与管理. 2001(8):27-31.
[33]刘恒江,陈继祥.企业集群竞争力研究述评[J].外国经济与管理, 2004 (10): 2-9.
[34]汪文明,范阳东.发展企业集群加快工业化进程[J].湖南商学院学报,2003(2):36-37.
[35]胡晓玉.透视浙江产业集群[J].中国经济信息,2002(10):7-9.
[36]薛厚升,许学强,陈浩光.珠江三角洲镇域乡镇工业发展及其地方经济影响研究——以顺德市北窑镇为例[J].人文地理,1998(4):35-39.
[37]孟庆民.全球化条件下的珠江三角洲地区产业集聚研究[M].北京:北京大学, 2001:78-80.
[38]魏守华,赵雅沁.企业集群的竞争优势探究阴财经问题[J].财经问题研究, 2002(5):51-56.
[39]崔立华.外部经济与农村工业集聚区的形成与发展.[D],河南大学,2002.
[40]王缉慈等.创新空间-企业集群与区域发展[M].北京:北京大学出版社, 2001:278-300.
[41]胡定寰.同一地区内企业与企业之间的相互影响和作用—以中国农村工业企业为例[J].中国农村观察,2002(6):2-11.
[42]汪少华,王惠敏.浙江产业群成长模式及其演进[J].中国农村经济, 2003(5):52-56.
[43]吴强军.乡镇企业成长与中小企业集群化实证研究—以浙江省海宁市皮革产业为例[J].农业经济问题,2004(6):48-51.
[44]于淑娟等.乡镇企业聚集于小城镇发展的互动机制及对策.河北科技师范学院学报(社会科学版) [J].2005(3):7-10.
[45]郭荣朝.产业集群与乡镇企业可持续发展研究——以襄樊市为例[J].商业经济文荟, 2006(2):102-103.
[46]陈迅等.论技术战略联盟框架下的产业集群及竞争优势[J].经济纵横. 2005(1):55-57.
[47]陈瑜.产业集群与乡镇企业处长模式研究[J].中小企业管理与科技, 2008(2):59-60.
[48]陈柳钦.波特产业集群竞争优势理论评述[J].北华大学学报(社会科学版), 2008(1):94-99.
[49]谢毅等.区域特色产业的识别与指标体系的探索[J].商场现代化, 2008(27):252-253.
[50]陈柳钦.专业化分工深化与产业集群演进[J].市场营销导刊,2007(2):24-27.
[51]迈克尔·波特.国家竞争优势[M].北京:华夏出版社, 2002.
[52]杨建梅,杨静.评价企业集群竞争力的GEM模型及其应用[J].科学学与科学技术管理, 2003 (9): 23-26.
[2] Hart and Simmie J. Innovation Competition and the Structure of Local Production Network[J]. Local Economy (11): 234-246.
[3] Harrld Bathelt, Ersmalmberg, Peter Maskell. Cluster and knowledge: local buzz, global pipelines and the process of knowledge creation [J]. Progress in Geography, 2004, 28 (1):31-56.
[4] Henry G. Overman, Stephen Redding, Anthony Jivenables. The Economic Geography of Trade, Production and Income: A Survey of Empirics [ R].NBER ,Working Paper , 2001:22-27.
[5] Marjolein Caniels, Henny Rornijn. Small industry cluster, Accumulation of Technological Capabilities and Development: A conceptual Framework, ECIS woking Paper,2001(01):05.
[6] Catherine Beaudry, Peter Swann. Growth in Industrial Cluster :a Bird’s Eye View of the United Kingdom[R]. SIEPR Discussion Paper.2001(01): 0-38
[7] Theo J. A. Roelant , Pinden Hertog: Cluster Analysis Cluster-based Policy in OECD Countries, Paris,1998.
[8] Porter,Michael. New Strategies for Inner city Economic Development[J]. Economic Development Quarterly 11(1):11-27.
[9] AnthonyJ, Venable. Cities and Trade:External Trade and Internal Geography in Developing Economies [J] . NBER, Working Paper, 2000.
[10] Bent Dalum. The Formation of Knowledge base Clusters in North Jutland and Western Sweden. Working Paper to the DRUID Conference on National Innovation Systems, 1999.
[11] Michael Albu. Technological Learning and Innovation in Industrial Cluster in the south. SPRV, Electronic Working Paper Series Paper NO.7.
[12] Baptista R. Geographical Clusters and Innovation Diffusion Technoloical Forecasting and Social Cange, 2001,(1):31-46.
[13] Porter Michael: Clusters and The New Economics of Competition HarvardBusiness Review, 1998, 76(6): 77.
[14] Rosenfeld, Stuart A.1995, Industrial Strengths Strategies: Regional Business Clusters an Pubic Policy. Aspen Institute Sven Hem Lin Creative Knowledge Environments in The Innovation System Copenhagen: Copenhagen Business School Working Paper, 2001 (7):1-14.
[15]李新春.企业家协调与企业集群[J].战略管理,2002,(3):49~55.
[16]张元智.基于企业核心竞争能力的产业集聚观点[J].产业经济,2001(10):23-29.
[17]鲁开垠,胡军.广东实施产业集群战略模式与对策研究[J].南方经济,2003,(6):30~32.
[18]范黎波,黄珍.中小企业集群创新机制研究[J].煤炭经济研究,2003(7):12-21
[19]耿帅.共享性资源对集群企业竞争优势的作用机制[J].科学学与科学技术管理, 2006 (11): 154-160.
[20]朱方伟,高畅,王国红.产业集群的核心要素演进分析[J].科学学与科学技术管理, 2004 (2): 66-69.
[21]赵中伟,邵来安.小企业集群竞争优势形成机理与地方政府促进其发展的措施[J].经济问题探索,2002,(10):23-29.
[22]魏守华,石碧华.论企业集群的竞争优势[J].中国工业经济,2002,(1):59-65.
[23]景芝英,徐雪梅.试论聚集经济的本质[J].财经问题研究,1998(11):11-13.
[24]陈雪梅,赵坷.南海中小企业集群的发展轨迹与共同规律[J].特区经济, 2002(6):47-50.
[25]朱海就,张友福.分工、交易效率与我国中小企业发展[J].浙江人学学报, 2000(6):136-141.
[26]张敦富.区域经济原理[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,1999.
[27]芮明杰.产业竞争力的“新钻石模型”[J].社会科学, 2006(4): 69-73.
[28]王缉慈,童昕.简述我国地方产业集群的意义[J].经济地理,2001(1):34-39
[29]仇保兴.发展小企业集群要避免的陷阱——过度竞争所致的“柠檬市场”[J].北京大学学报,1999(1):25-29.
[30]林思达.浙江省中小企业集群发展的主流模式研究[J].技术经济与管理研究. 2001,(6):30-32.
[31]王缉慈.创新空间-企业集群与区域发展,北京:北京大学出版社[M].2001:61.
[32]池仁勇.意大利中小企业集群的形成条件与特征[J].外国经济与管理. 2001(8):27-31.
[33]刘恒江,陈继祥.企业集群竞争力研究述评[J].外国经济与管理, 2004 (10): 2-9.
[34]汪文明,范阳东.发展企业集群加快工业化进程[J].湖南商学院学报,2003(2):36-37.
[35]胡晓玉.透视浙江产业集群[J].中国经济信息,2002(10):7-9.
[36]薛厚升,许学强,陈浩光.珠江三角洲镇域乡镇工业发展及其地方经济影响研究——以顺德市北窑镇为例[J].人文地理,1998(4):35-39.
[37]孟庆民.全球化条件下的珠江三角洲地区产业集聚研究[M].北京:北京大学, 2001:78-80.
[38]魏守华,赵雅沁.企业集群的竞争优势探究阴财经问题[J].财经问题研究, 2002(5):51-56.
[39]崔立华.外部经济与农村工业集聚区的形成与发展.[D],河南大学,2002.
[40]王缉慈等.创新空间-企业集群与区域发展[M].北京:北京大学出版社, 2001:278-300.
[41]胡定寰.同一地区内企业与企业之间的相互影响和作用—以中国农村工业企业为例[J].中国农村观察,2002(6):2-11.
[42]汪少华,王惠敏.浙江产业群成长模式及其演进[J].中国农村经济, 2003(5):52-56.
[43]吴强军.乡镇企业成长与中小企业集群化实证研究—以浙江省海宁市皮革产业为例[J].农业经济问题,2004(6):48-51.
[44]于淑娟等.乡镇企业聚集于小城镇发展的互动机制及对策.河北科技师范学院学报(社会科学版) [J].2005(3):7-10.
[45]郭荣朝.产业集群与乡镇企业可持续发展研究——以襄樊市为例[J].商业经济文荟, 2006(2):102-103.
[46]陈迅等.论技术战略联盟框架下的产业集群及竞争优势[J].经济纵横. 2005(1):55-57.
[47]陈瑜.产业集群与乡镇企业处长模式研究[J].中小企业管理与科技, 2008(2):59-60.
[48]陈柳钦.波特产业集群竞争优势理论评述[J].北华大学学报(社会科学版), 2008(1):94-99.
[49]谢毅等.区域特色产业的识别与指标体系的探索[J].商场现代化, 2008(27):252-253.
[50]陈柳钦.专业化分工深化与产业集群演进[J].市场营销导刊,2007(2):24-27.
[51]迈克尔·波特.国家竞争优势[M].北京:华夏出版社, 2002.
[52]杨建梅,杨静.评价企业集群竞争力的GEM模型及其应用[J].科学学与科学技术管理, 2003 (9): 23-26.