铁路中小企业危机管理与核心竞争力的构建
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摘要
我国国有铁路中小企业是铁路运输的后勤保障，它为铁路运输设备的维护，铁路线路的维护和铁路运输安全提供主要的产品。经过20余年的改革，我国已经建立起了社会主义市场经济体制基本框架，但由于铁路系统所处的特殊市场地位，一部份企业仍然未摆脱计划经济的思维模式，缺乏危机意识和危机管理机制，应对危机的能力十分薄弱。加入WTO之后，我国铁路企业面临来自国外企业的竞争，面对的危机进一步加剧。本课题将对铁路中小企业如何面对危机，如何提高核心竞争力等方面进行初步探索；该课题还力图在铁路中小企业寻求危机管理的途径，通过对打造企业核心竞争力的21个着力点的分析，在积极构建企业核心竞争力方面，进行一些有益的探索。
“危机”是一种不稳定的状态，指政治、社会或经济进入了一个危险的境地或发生了决定性的改变。危机是企业管理过程相当重要的一环，如果了解危机管理之道，充分掌握危机管理的精髓，则企业在市场经济中必能脱颖而出。正所谓：“危机就是危险和机遇的分水岭”。企业的核心竞争力是企业竞争的源泉。把握市场机遇，通过对企业的核心资源整合、弥补和提升，形成独具特色的可持续竞争优势的能力，就能帮助企业提高综合竞争能力，防范和化解企业危机，促进企业的健康发展。
本文根据目前铁路中小企业的现状，和中国加入WTO后的经济形势，运用危机管理理论和企业核心竞争力理论，分析铁路中小企业可能面对的危机和强化铁路中小企业危机意识。在此基础上，建立危机管理运行机制，使得企业能通过核心竞争力的构建，提高其参与市场竞争的能力和应对危机的能力，促进企业持续稳定地发展；加强危机管理和危机管理机制的建立，努力寻求中国中小企业应对危机的有效途径，使危机管理理论在企业得以良好的应用，提高企业归避风险的能力。
The state railway small and medium_sized enterprise is logistics guarantee of railway transportation in our country. It supply dominant products for maintenance of railway transportation equipment , maintenance of railway circuitry and safety of railway transportation. After 20 years of reform, the basic frame of socialism market economy system has been built in our country. Because of the special market position of railway system, some of enterprise still stay at thinking pattern of planned economy. They absence of crisis consciousness and crisis management system. It is weak for them to respond crisis. After joining WTO, the state railway enterprise is facing the competition come from foreign enterprise, the crisis will be aggravated. This project will make a initial explore to how the small and medium-sized enterprise to handle crisis? How they advance key competitiveness? This paper will seek some way for railway small and medium-sized enterprise in crisis management and construction enterprise key compe
titiveness by analyse 21 key factor of infection enterprise key competitiveness.
"crisis" means an unstable condition, as in political, social, or economic affairs, involving an impending abrupt or decisive change. Crisis is a important section during enterprise management. Enterprise will talent showing itself from market economy if enterprise manager know the way and quintessence of crisis management. It shows us that "crisis is line between dangerous and opportunity" . Key competitiveness of enterprise is headspring of enterprise competition. It can help enterprise advance colligation competition ability, keep away and remove enterprise crisis and accelerate enterprise develop healthily if the manager can hold market opportunity , conformity , remedy and advance enterprise key resource, forming characteristic and continuance ability to competition superiority.
According to railway small and medium_sized enterprise present condition and economic situation of china after china joined WTO, this paper analyzed railway small and medium_sized enterprise crisis by theory of crisis management and enterprise key competitiveness. Hopefully it can strengthen crisis consciousness of railway small and medium_sized enterprise. One of the motive of this project is setting up crisis management circulate system, advancing the ability of enterprise competition and respond crisis in market by constructing key competitiveness of enterprise. Then the enterprise can develop continue and stably. The other motive of this project is enhance establish crisis management and crisis management systems, seeking the useful way of railway small and medium_sized enterprise to respond crisis, in order to the theory of crisis management be well use in the enterprise and advance the ability of enterprise escape risk.
“危机”是一种不稳定的状态，指政治、社会或经济进入了一个危险的境地或发生了决定性的改变。危机是企业管理过程相当重要的一环，如果了解危机管理之道，充分掌握危机管理的精髓，则企业在市场经济中必能脱颖而出。正所谓：“危机就是危险和机遇的分水岭”。企业的核心竞争力是企业竞争的源泉。把握市场机遇，通过对企业的核心资源整合、弥补和提升，形成独具特色的可持续竞争优势的能力，就能帮助企业提高综合竞争能力，防范和化解企业危机，促进企业的健康发展。
本文根据目前铁路中小企业的现状，和中国加入WTO后的经济形势，运用危机管理理论和企业核心竞争力理论，分析铁路中小企业可能面对的危机和强化铁路中小企业危机意识。在此基础上，建立危机管理运行机制，使得企业能通过核心竞争力的构建，提高其参与市场竞争的能力和应对危机的能力，促进企业持续稳定地发展；加强危机管理和危机管理机制的建立，努力寻求中国中小企业应对危机的有效途径，使危机管理理论在企业得以良好的应用，提高企业归避风险的能力。
The state railway small and medium_sized enterprise is logistics guarantee of railway transportation in our country. It supply dominant products for maintenance of railway transportation equipment , maintenance of railway circuitry and safety of railway transportation. After 20 years of reform, the basic frame of socialism market economy system has been built in our country. Because of the special market position of railway system, some of enterprise still stay at thinking pattern of planned economy. They absence of crisis consciousness and crisis management system. It is weak for them to respond crisis. After joining WTO, the state railway enterprise is facing the competition come from foreign enterprise, the crisis will be aggravated. This project will make a initial explore to how the small and medium-sized enterprise to handle crisis? How they advance key competitiveness? This paper will seek some way for railway small and medium-sized enterprise in crisis management and construction enterprise key compe
titiveness by analyse 21 key factor of infection enterprise key competitiveness.
"crisis" means an unstable condition, as in political, social, or economic affairs, involving an impending abrupt or decisive change. Crisis is a important section during enterprise management. Enterprise will talent showing itself from market economy if enterprise manager know the way and quintessence of crisis management. It shows us that "crisis is line between dangerous and opportunity" . Key competitiveness of enterprise is headspring of enterprise competition. It can help enterprise advance colligation competition ability, keep away and remove enterprise crisis and accelerate enterprise develop healthily if the manager can hold market opportunity , conformity , remedy and advance enterprise key resource, forming characteristic and continuance ability to competition superiority.
According to railway small and medium_sized enterprise present condition and economic situation of china after china joined WTO, this paper analyzed railway small and medium_sized enterprise crisis by theory of crisis management and enterprise key competitiveness. Hopefully it can strengthen crisis consciousness of railway small and medium_sized enterprise. One of the motive of this project is setting up crisis management circulate system, advancing the ability of enterprise competition and respond crisis in market by constructing key competitiveness of enterprise. Then the enterprise can develop continue and stably. The other motive of this project is enhance establish crisis management and crisis management systems, seeking the useful way of railway small and medium_sized enterprise to respond crisis, in order to the theory of crisis management be well use in the enterprise and advance the ability of enterprise escape risk.
引文
1、管益忻，论企业核心竞争力。中国经济出出版社，2001．6
2、李建明，企业核心能力。法律出版社，1998．9
3、康荣平，柯银斌，核心能力论在中国的应用。科研管理。中文期刊光盘版。1999．5
4、邹海林，论企业核心能力及其形成。经营管理。中文期刊光盘版。1999．3
5、魏江，企业核心能力的内涵与本质。管理工程学报。中文期刊光盘版。1999．1
6、韩中和，企业竞争力——理论与案例分析。复旦大学出版社。2000年
7、马仲良、赵弘著，现代企业观念创新。中国人事出版社，1999
8、刘小怡，中国企业国际竞争力：“入世”的冲击与对策。武汉大学出版社，2001年
9、吴治中、陈艾、汪方怀，企业竞争力。社会科学文献出版社，1992年
10、王长远，企业竞争学。中国经济出版社
11、李海源、魏祥达，现代企业系统管理与效益分析。中国经济出版社，1997
12、陈蔓生、张正堂，企业竞争力的模糊综合评价探析。数量经济与技术研究。1999年第1期
13、邓志阳，迈向21世纪的中国现代企业经营管理。汕头大学出版社，1995
14、张岩松，企业公共关系危机管理。经济管理出版社，2000
15、樊纲，中国企业的竞争力来自哪里。中国商办工厂。2001年第1期
16、孙荣兴、佘康、谢科范，企业扭转逆境谋略。人民交通出版社，1996
17、姜彦福，企业技术创新管理。企业管理出版社，1999
18、史蒂文．芬克，危机管理。USA管理协会出版社。1999年
19、史泰芬．安德尔，企业危机管理。皮特罗斯莱图书公司出版。1985年
20、针木康雄著，毕晓白译，危机管理的经营之神：松下幸之助。新华出版社，1996
21、李义平，和着时代的节拍思考。经济科学出版社。1999年
22、Constantions Marhides (1999):Six Principles of Breakthrough Strategy. Buisiness Strategy Reviews,London Buisiness School
23、an Thornbury (1999): KPMG: Pervitalising Culture through Values. Business
Strategy Review
24． red R .David (1997) : Strategy Managenent.Prentice Hall ,Inc.,A Simon and Schuster Company, Upper Saddle River,New Jersey
25． John M.Ivancevich ,Peter Lorenzi,Steven J.Skinneer and Philip B.Crosby (1994) :Management--Quality and Competitiveness.RICHARD D.IRWIN, INC
26 . David Faulkner and Cliff Bowman (1995) : The Essence of Competitive Strategy .Prentice Hall International (UK) Ltd
27 . Brown, Seyom. : The crises of power , Columbia University Press (1979)
28 . Accinelli, Robert: Crisis and commitment, Chapel Hill (1996)
29 . Arndt, Sven W.: Competitiveness : the United States in world trade, American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research (1987)
30 . Gray, Edmund R.: the competitive edge, : 2nd ed. Publisher (1993)
31 . Carolyn L. :The crisis in social security : economic and political origins, Duke University Press (1982)
32． Porter, Michael E. : The competitive advantage of nations, Free Press 1990
2、李建明，企业核心能力。法律出版社，1998．9
3、康荣平，柯银斌，核心能力论在中国的应用。科研管理。中文期刊光盘版。1999．5
4、邹海林，论企业核心能力及其形成。经营管理。中文期刊光盘版。1999．3
5、魏江，企业核心能力的内涵与本质。管理工程学报。中文期刊光盘版。1999．1
6、韩中和，企业竞争力——理论与案例分析。复旦大学出版社。2000年
7、马仲良、赵弘著，现代企业观念创新。中国人事出版社，1999
8、刘小怡，中国企业国际竞争力：“入世”的冲击与对策。武汉大学出版社，2001年
9、吴治中、陈艾、汪方怀，企业竞争力。社会科学文献出版社，1992年
10、王长远，企业竞争学。中国经济出版社
11、李海源、魏祥达，现代企业系统管理与效益分析。中国经济出版社，1997
12、陈蔓生、张正堂，企业竞争力的模糊综合评价探析。数量经济与技术研究。1999年第1期
13、邓志阳，迈向21世纪的中国现代企业经营管理。汕头大学出版社，1995
14、张岩松，企业公共关系危机管理。经济管理出版社，2000
15、樊纲，中国企业的竞争力来自哪里。中国商办工厂。2001年第1期
16、孙荣兴、佘康、谢科范，企业扭转逆境谋略。人民交通出版社，1996
17、姜彦福，企业技术创新管理。企业管理出版社，1999
18、史蒂文．芬克，危机管理。USA管理协会出版社。1999年
19、史泰芬．安德尔，企业危机管理。皮特罗斯莱图书公司出版。1985年
20、针木康雄著，毕晓白译，危机管理的经营之神：松下幸之助。新华出版社，1996
21、李义平，和着时代的节拍思考。经济科学出版社。1999年
22、Constantions Marhides (1999):Six Principles of Breakthrough Strategy. Buisiness Strategy Reviews,London Buisiness School
23、an Thornbury (1999): KPMG: Pervitalising Culture through Values. Business
Strategy Review
24． red R .David (1997) : Strategy Managenent.Prentice Hall ,Inc.,A Simon and Schuster Company, Upper Saddle River,New Jersey
25． John M.Ivancevich ,Peter Lorenzi,Steven J.Skinneer and Philip B.Crosby (1994) :Management--Quality and Competitiveness.RICHARD D.IRWIN, INC
26 . David Faulkner and Cliff Bowman (1995) : The Essence of Competitive Strategy .Prentice Hall International (UK) Ltd
27 . Brown, Seyom. : The crises of power , Columbia University Press (1979)
28 . Accinelli, Robert: Crisis and commitment, Chapel Hill (1996)
29 . Arndt, Sven W.: Competitiveness : the United States in world trade, American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research (1987)
30 . Gray, Edmund R.: the competitive edge, : 2nd ed. Publisher (1993)
31 . Carolyn L. :The crisis in social security : economic and political origins, Duke University Press (1982)
32． Porter, Michael E. : The competitive advantage of nations, Free Press 1990