基于FPGA的彩色LED大屏幕显示系统的设计与实现
摘要
随着信息时代高新技术的飞速发展,人们对及时获取并显示各类信息的愿望日益强烈,由此带动了信息传媒的飞速发展,LED显示屏就是信息显示的重要传媒之一。LED显示屏由LED器件阵列组成,通过一定的控制方式来显示视频、行情、广告等许多信息。LED显示屏采用了低电压扫描驱动,具有功耗低、使用寿命长、低成本、亮度高、可视距离远、视角大和防水等优点,可以满足许多场合的需求,未来的发展前景非常广阔。LED大屏幕作为现代信息发布的重要媒体,它能胜任各种场合实时性、多样性和动态性的信息发布任务。在即将到来的上海世博会、广州亚运会等大型活动增加了LED显示屏的需求,将进一步推动LED显示屏的大规模发展。
本文首先介绍了LED显示屏的工作原理和FPGA开发技术,它是本系统设计的研究基础。接着提出了一种彩色LED大屏幕显示系统的设计方案,然后具体分析这个系统的硬件设计和软件设计。系统的硬件设计中主要分析了模拟视频信号A/D转换的硬件设计、存储器的选择、电源的设计、FPGA的硬件设计、LED大屏幕的硬件设计和PCB的设计。本系统采用Altera公司的Cyclone系列FPGA芯片,软件设计在Quartus II环境下进行开发,用Modelsim进行仿真。系统的软件设计主要是FPGA的逻辑设计,主要分析了程序中实现SAA7111芯片I2C配置、视频数据的存储、SRAM的读写控制、灰度调制和LED显示屏扫描控制的原理、流程及方法,最后通过仿真调试验证了本系统的可行性和正确性。
With the rapid development of high-tech in the information age, people’s wishes of getting and displaying all kinds of information timely are growing, thus driving the rapid development of information media. LED display screen is one of the important media in the information display. LED display screen is composed of the array of LED devices, and through certain control methods to display video, market, advertising and much information in other aspects. Driven by a low-voltage scanning, LED display screen has much advantage, such as low power consumption, long life, low cost, high brightness, visible from far away, big viewing angle and waterproof. It can meet the needs on many occasions. Its future prospect of development is very wide. As an important media of modern information dissemination, LED big screen can qualify all kinds of real-time, diverse and dynamic task of the information dissemination. The upcoming Shanghai Expo, Guangzhou Asian Games and other large events will increase the demand for LED displays, and it will promote the large-scale development of LED displays.
This paper describes the working principle of LED display and the technology of the FPGA development first, it is the research base in this system design. Then a kind of display system design of colorful LED large screen has been put forward, with specifically studies of the hardware design and software design of the system followed. The hardware design of the system mainly studies the hardware design of the A / D conversion of analog video signal, the selection of memory, the design of power supply, the hardware design of FPGA, the hardware design of LED large screen and PCB design. FPGA chips of Altera's Cyclone family is used in this system. And software design of the system is carried out in the development environment of Quartus II, using Modelsim to simulate. The software design is mainly FPGA logic design, it mainly analyses the principles, processes and methods of realizing I2C configuration of SAA7111 chip, the storage of video data, the control of read and write SRAM, modulation of gray-scale and the scan and control of LED display screen in the program. Finally, the feasibility and accuracy of this system is verified through simulation and debugging.
本文首先介绍了LED显示屏的工作原理和FPGA开发技术,它是本系统设计的研究基础。接着提出了一种彩色LED大屏幕显示系统的设计方案,然后具体分析这个系统的硬件设计和软件设计。系统的硬件设计中主要分析了模拟视频信号A/D转换的硬件设计、存储器的选择、电源的设计、FPGA的硬件设计、LED大屏幕的硬件设计和PCB的设计。本系统采用Altera公司的Cyclone系列FPGA芯片,软件设计在Quartus II环境下进行开发,用Modelsim进行仿真。系统的软件设计主要是FPGA的逻辑设计,主要分析了程序中实现SAA7111芯片I2C配置、视频数据的存储、SRAM的读写控制、灰度调制和LED显示屏扫描控制的原理、流程及方法,最后通过仿真调试验证了本系统的可行性和正确性。
With the rapid development of high-tech in the information age, people’s wishes of getting and displaying all kinds of information timely are growing, thus driving the rapid development of information media. LED display screen is one of the important media in the information display. LED display screen is composed of the array of LED devices, and through certain control methods to display video, market, advertising and much information in other aspects. Driven by a low-voltage scanning, LED display screen has much advantage, such as low power consumption, long life, low cost, high brightness, visible from far away, big viewing angle and waterproof. It can meet the needs on many occasions. Its future prospect of development is very wide. As an important media of modern information dissemination, LED big screen can qualify all kinds of real-time, diverse and dynamic task of the information dissemination. The upcoming Shanghai Expo, Guangzhou Asian Games and other large events will increase the demand for LED displays, and it will promote the large-scale development of LED displays.
This paper describes the working principle of LED display and the technology of the FPGA development first, it is the research base in this system design. Then a kind of display system design of colorful LED large screen has been put forward, with specifically studies of the hardware design and software design of the system followed. The hardware design of the system mainly studies the hardware design of the A / D conversion of analog video signal, the selection of memory, the design of power supply, the hardware design of FPGA, the hardware design of LED large screen and PCB design. FPGA chips of Altera's Cyclone family is used in this system. And software design of the system is carried out in the development environment of Quartus II, using Modelsim to simulate. The software design is mainly FPGA logic design, it mainly analyses the principles, processes and methods of realizing I2C configuration of SAA7111 chip, the storage of video data, the control of read and write SRAM, modulation of gray-scale and the scan and control of LED display screen in the program. Finally, the feasibility and accuracy of this system is verified through simulation and debugging.
引文
[1]李奇英,唐渊明. LED显示屏的应用及发展趋势,电子元器件应用, 2003, 3(11).
[2]王天义,视频LED显示屏系统的现状与发展趋势,中国仪器仪表, 2004, (11).
[3]李熹霖.谈LED全彩色显示屏的应用和技术指标,现代显示, 2003, (06).
[4]关积珍,陆家和. 2005年我国LED显示屏产业发展综述,激光与红外, 2006, 36(12).
[5]郝国法,杨姣. LED大屏幕控制电路设计方案研究,电视技术, 2005.(11):94.
[6]张亮.数字电路设计与Verilog HDL.北京:人民邮电出版社, 2002.
[7]吕正,姚和军.发光二极管的发展现状与市场前景.现代计量测试, 2002. 3.
[8]郝亚茹,丁铁夫,王瑞光.基于FPGA和SDRSdram的LED显示,电子器件, 2008, 31(2).
[9]诸昌铃, LED显示屏系统原理及工程技术.成都:电子科技大学出版社, 2000.
[10]魏银库,陈建国,狄国伟. 256级灰度LED点阵屏显示原理及基于FPGA的电路设计,电子设计应用, 2004. 1.
[11]蔡林飞,高杨,刘佳,周岩,李俊艳. LED全彩大屏幕同步显示系统设计.电视技术, 2007,3.
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[13] Castleman KR.Digital image processing. PrenticeHalllnc. 1996.
[14]王波.利用可编程逻辑器件设计LED显示屏,南京理工大学, 2002.
[15]潘松,黄继业. EDA技术与VHDL.北京:清华大学出版社, 2006.
[16]李兰英等. NiosⅡ嵌入式软核SOPC设计原理及应用.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 2006.
[17]潘松,黄继业. EDA技术与VHDL.北京:清华大学出版社, 2006.
[18]夏宇闻. Verilog数字系统设计教程.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 2007.
[19]裴昌幸,刘乃安.电视原理与现代电视系统.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社, 2003.
[20]程颖,王锐. SAA7111芯片在视频图像处理的FPGA设计中的应用,合肥工业大学学报, 2007. 30(11).
[21] Aletra. EP1C6Q Datasheet. 2008.
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[23] VideoSignalProeessing. IEEE International Confereneeon Consumer Electronic. 1999, (1).
[24]张军,李含善.可编程视频信号输入处理器SAA7111,《国外电子元器件》, 2002, (8).
[25]梁志明,李斌.基于FPGA的大屏幕全彩LED扫描控制器设计.液晶与显示, 2007. 22(4).
[26]周立功. SOPC嵌入式系统基础教程.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 2006.
[27]李晟,基于FPGA的LED显示屏同步控制系统的设计.东南大学, 2004.
[28] PHLIPS. 74HC595 Data Sheet. 2005.
[29]张克满,何格夫.用虚拟I2C总线技术实现SAA7111的初始化,国外电子元器件, 2005, (1).
[30]宋炳生,花瑞.基于DVI接口的LED视频控制系统研究,电子设计应用, 2008, (1).
[31] PHLIPS. SAA7111 Data Sheet. 1999.
[32]刘斌兵,刘云海,汪燮彬.用FPGA实现高速大图像采集系统,电子技术, 2006, 33(1).
[33]刘传青,张蕴玉,胡修林. LED彩色屏数字视频信号的数据重构与存贮技术.电子与自动化, 1999, (1).
[34]王宇,朱为,堵国良,史小军. LED显示屏实现高质量图像显示的扫描算法分析,电子器件, 2004,(03).
[35]倪琳琳,武斌,黄夔夔,夏宇闻.低帧频,无闪烁LED全彩屏的逻辑设计,电子产品世界, 2003,(08).
[36] Francis Nguyen. Challenges in the design of a RGB LED display for indoor Application. Synthetic Metals. 2001, 122(1).
[37] Brainard. Neugebauer equation in color reputation system. SPIE, vol.1184.
[38] Howard W.Johnson, MartinGraham. High-speed digital design: a handbook of black magic. Prentice Hall, 1993
[39] PHLIPS Semiconductors. The I2C-BUS Specification Version 2.1. January, 2000
[40] Aletra Corporation. Quartus II Development Software Handbook v5.0, Apr, 2005
[41] Mentor Graphics. ModelsimSE User’s Manual Version 6.0, July, 2004
[2]王天义,视频LED显示屏系统的现状与发展趋势,中国仪器仪表, 2004, (11).
[3]李熹霖.谈LED全彩色显示屏的应用和技术指标,现代显示, 2003, (06).
[4]关积珍,陆家和. 2005年我国LED显示屏产业发展综述,激光与红外, 2006, 36(12).
[5]郝国法,杨姣. LED大屏幕控制电路设计方案研究,电视技术, 2005.(11):94.
[6]张亮.数字电路设计与Verilog HDL.北京:人民邮电出版社, 2002.
[7]吕正,姚和军.发光二极管的发展现状与市场前景.现代计量测试, 2002. 3.
[8]郝亚茹,丁铁夫,王瑞光.基于FPGA和SDRSdram的LED显示,电子器件, 2008, 31(2).
[9]诸昌铃, LED显示屏系统原理及工程技术.成都:电子科技大学出版社, 2000.
[10]魏银库,陈建国,狄国伟. 256级灰度LED点阵屏显示原理及基于FPGA的电路设计,电子设计应用, 2004. 1.
[11]蔡林飞,高杨,刘佳,周岩,李俊艳. LED全彩大屏幕同步显示系统设计.电视技术, 2007,3.
[12] G.Sharma and H.J.Trusell.Digital color imaging,IEEE Trans. On Image Processing,Vol.6,No.7,July 1997.
[13] Castleman KR.Digital image processing. PrenticeHalllnc. 1996.
[14]王波.利用可编程逻辑器件设计LED显示屏,南京理工大学, 2002.
[15]潘松,黄继业. EDA技术与VHDL.北京:清华大学出版社, 2006.
[16]李兰英等. NiosⅡ嵌入式软核SOPC设计原理及应用.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 2006.
[17]潘松,黄继业. EDA技术与VHDL.北京:清华大学出版社, 2006.
[18]夏宇闻. Verilog数字系统设计教程.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 2007.
[19]裴昌幸,刘乃安.电视原理与现代电视系统.西安:西安电子科技大学出版社, 2003.
[20]程颖,王锐. SAA7111芯片在视频图像处理的FPGA设计中的应用,合肥工业大学学报, 2007. 30(11).
[21] Aletra. EP1C6Q Datasheet. 2008.
[22] ISSI. IS61LV25616 Data Sheet. 2000.
[23] VideoSignalProeessing. IEEE International Confereneeon Consumer Electronic. 1999, (1).
[24]张军,李含善.可编程视频信号输入处理器SAA7111,《国外电子元器件》, 2002, (8).
[25]梁志明,李斌.基于FPGA的大屏幕全彩LED扫描控制器设计.液晶与显示, 2007. 22(4).
[26]周立功. SOPC嵌入式系统基础教程.北京:北京航空航天大学出版社, 2006.
[27]李晟,基于FPGA的LED显示屏同步控制系统的设计.东南大学, 2004.
[28] PHLIPS. 74HC595 Data Sheet. 2005.
[29]张克满,何格夫.用虚拟I2C总线技术实现SAA7111的初始化,国外电子元器件, 2005, (1).
[30]宋炳生,花瑞.基于DVI接口的LED视频控制系统研究,电子设计应用, 2008, (1).
[31] PHLIPS. SAA7111 Data Sheet. 1999.
[32]刘斌兵,刘云海,汪燮彬.用FPGA实现高速大图像采集系统,电子技术, 2006, 33(1).
[33]刘传青,张蕴玉,胡修林. LED彩色屏数字视频信号的数据重构与存贮技术.电子与自动化, 1999, (1).
[34]王宇,朱为,堵国良,史小军. LED显示屏实现高质量图像显示的扫描算法分析,电子器件, 2004,(03).
[35]倪琳琳,武斌,黄夔夔,夏宇闻.低帧频,无闪烁LED全彩屏的逻辑设计,电子产品世界, 2003,(08).
[36] Francis Nguyen. Challenges in the design of a RGB LED display for indoor Application. Synthetic Metals. 2001, 122(1).
[37] Brainard. Neugebauer equation in color reputation system. SPIE, vol.1184.
[38] Howard W.Johnson, MartinGraham. High-speed digital design: a handbook of black magic. Prentice Hall, 1993
[39] PHLIPS Semiconductors. The I2C-BUS Specification Version 2.1. January, 2000
[40] Aletra Corporation. Quartus II Development Software Handbook v5.0, Apr, 2005
[41] Mentor Graphics. ModelsimSE User’s Manual Version 6.0, July, 2004