多频谱干扰材料复合技术及性能研究
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摘要
本文通过查阅目前国内外无源干扰技术的相关文献,并依据红外、激光和毫米波衰减的相关理论,采用消光铜粉、导电石墨和碳纤维作为原料,研究并设计一种能同时遮蔽红外、激光和毫米波的新型干扰剂。通过烟幕箱对消光铜粉和导电石墨进行动态遮蔽性能测试,表明两者均对红外和激光具有较强的衰减；通过毫米波动态测试技术对碳纤维的衰减性能进行研究,显示在相同质量下,碳纤维对3mm波和8mm波的衰减分贝数随着质量浓度呈线性变化,1.5～2mm长度碳纤维能够同时对3mm波和8mm波达到有效衰减；同时本文研究了化学镀铜碳纤维不同质量增重率对毫米波衰减性能的影响,结果如下：在相同质量浓度下,镀铜碳纤维在质量增重率为50%～60%时对毫米波的衰减达到最大值；通过对碳纤维和镀铜碳纤维的半波长下对毫米波的辐射效率进行计算,得出碳纤维对毫米波的衰减以吸收为主,而镀铜碳纤维对毫米波的衰减以散射为主。
以三种干扰剂之间的分散性研究为目的,通过湿法分散和干法分散对比,发现干法分散技术在目前更具有实施的可行性。同时考察干法分散的影响因素,得出复合干扰剂的最佳配方：硅系分散剂15%～25%,碳纤维25%～35%,红外和激光干扰剂40%～60%。其中红外和激光干扰剂的组分为消光铜粉和导电石墨,其比例一般控制在3：2附近。测量干扰剂对各波段的电磁波的衰减,结果表明各组分不仅对其所干扰波段有较为明显的干扰外,还对其他波段电磁波的衰减有一定帮助,从而在整体上增强了干扰剂的衰减性能。
According to the consultant of the currently domestic and international development of passive interference technology, and based on the attention theory of electromagnetic waves in infrared, laser and millimeter wave, extinction copper powder、conducting graphite and carbon fiber were chosen as the raw material to research and design a new interference agent which can shield the infrared, laser and millimeter-wave together. The attention of extinction copper powder and conducting graphite were tested in the smoke box, the result indicated that it had a strong attenuation for both the infrared and laser; The millimeter-wave attenuation properties of carbon fiber was measured though the dynamic testing techniques, the results showed that:the carbon fiber for 3mm&8mm wave attenuation changes linearly with concentration in decibels; the length in 1.5～2mm simultaneously has an effective attenuation for 3mm&8mm wave attenuation; At the same time, the copper coated carbon fiber was studied in the different quality increasing rates for 3mm&8mm wave attenuation, it reveals that it has no changes for 8mm wave attenuation but reach the greatest in 50%～60% increasing weight for 3 mm wave attenuation; Radiation efficiency is calculated in the half wavelength of carbon fiber and copper coated carbon fiber, the results show that absorbability is principal in the carbon fiber while scatter is primary in the copper coated carbon fiber for the millimeter wave.
The dispersion in the three interference agent was studied and the experiment discover that the dry dispersion method was more feasible compared with the wet mix method. The impact of dry dispersion factors were investigated to get the formula which has excellent interference effects on infrared、laser and millimeter wave. The mass rate of optimal proportion is:15%～25% of silicide,25%～35% of carbon fiber and 40%～60% of infrared and laser interference agents which include extinction copper powder and conducting graphite and have a ratio of 3:2. Then, the attenuation of the interference agent is tested in infrared, laser and millimeter wave instruments, it conclude that not only can every component keep a high attenuation capability in its electromagnetic wave, but it also have a combined enhancement in the other electromagnetic waves, finally it improve the whole attenuation capability.
以三种干扰剂之间的分散性研究为目的,通过湿法分散和干法分散对比,发现干法分散技术在目前更具有实施的可行性。同时考察干法分散的影响因素,得出复合干扰剂的最佳配方：硅系分散剂15%～25%,碳纤维25%～35%,红外和激光干扰剂40%～60%。其中红外和激光干扰剂的组分为消光铜粉和导电石墨,其比例一般控制在3：2附近。测量干扰剂对各波段的电磁波的衰减,结果表明各组分不仅对其所干扰波段有较为明显的干扰外,还对其他波段电磁波的衰减有一定帮助,从而在整体上增强了干扰剂的衰减性能。
According to the consultant of the currently domestic and international development of passive interference technology, and based on the attention theory of electromagnetic waves in infrared, laser and millimeter wave, extinction copper powder、conducting graphite and carbon fiber were chosen as the raw material to research and design a new interference agent which can shield the infrared, laser and millimeter-wave together. The attention of extinction copper powder and conducting graphite were tested in the smoke box, the result indicated that it had a strong attenuation for both the infrared and laser; The millimeter-wave attenuation properties of carbon fiber was measured though the dynamic testing techniques, the results showed that:the carbon fiber for 3mm&8mm wave attenuation changes linearly with concentration in decibels; the length in 1.5～2mm simultaneously has an effective attenuation for 3mm&8mm wave attenuation; At the same time, the copper coated carbon fiber was studied in the different quality increasing rates for 3mm&8mm wave attenuation, it reveals that it has no changes for 8mm wave attenuation but reach the greatest in 50%～60% increasing weight for 3 mm wave attenuation; Radiation efficiency is calculated in the half wavelength of carbon fiber and copper coated carbon fiber, the results show that absorbability is principal in the carbon fiber while scatter is primary in the copper coated carbon fiber for the millimeter wave.
The dispersion in the three interference agent was studied and the experiment discover that the dry dispersion method was more feasible compared with the wet mix method. The impact of dry dispersion factors were investigated to get the formula which has excellent interference effects on infrared、laser and millimeter wave. The mass rate of optimal proportion is:15%～25% of silicide,25%～35% of carbon fiber and 40%～60% of infrared and laser interference agents which include extinction copper powder and conducting graphite and have a ratio of 3:2. Then, the attenuation of the interference agent is tested in infrared, laser and millimeter wave instruments, it conclude that not only can every component keep a high attenuation capability in its electromagnetic wave, but it also have a combined enhancement in the other electromagnetic waves, finally it improve the whole attenuation capability.
引文
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[5]刘铭,赵涛,王璐.国外光电有源干扰装备的发展[J].舰船电子工程.2009,177(3)：25-28,46.
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[8]方有培.烟幕在战争中的作用及发展趋势[J].航空电子对抗.1998,4：33-36.
[9]豆正伟,李晓霞,樊祥.抗红外/毫米波复合制导的无源干扰技术发展现状[J].红外技术.2009,31(3)：125-128,140.
[10]刘永祥,李洪,黎厢.红外_毫米波复合制导目标识别技术研究[J].现代雷达.2002.9(24)：1-4.
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[12]淦元柳.毫米波无源干扰技术及其发展现状[J].航天电子对抗.2001(6)：15-19.
[13]付伟.烟幕技术及其发展现状[J].电光与控制.2002,3(8)：9-11.
[14]冷锋,王甲寅.烟幕技术在光电对抗中的应用及发展趋势[J].光电技术应用.2004,19(2)：28-31.
[15]徐世录,侯振宁.烟幕干扰技术的应用与发展[J].电光系统.2003,106(4)：41-44.
[16]徐铭,李澄俊.赤磷发烟剂、铜粉组合烟幕的红外消光系能[J].火工品.2002,3：1-3.
[17]赵彩琴.新型箔条干扰材料的现状及发展趋势[J].材料开发与应用,2002,17(5)：45-46.
[18]赵恩起,申德仲.箔条和箔条云特性[J].现代防御技术,1998,26(5)：59-65.
[19]张民,吴振森,薛谦忠.大数量高密度圆形箔片云团双站电磁散射特性[J].电子学报,2001,29(3)：364-367.
[20]李有才,郑春弟,黄强.拆卸式RCS可变角发射器研究[J].电子对抗.2010,6：39-41,46.
[21]陈听,潘功配,杨黎飞,赵军,曹传新,许进兴.金属化竹纤维的8mm微波干扰性能研究[J].表面技术.2007.3：17-19.
[22]Smoke screen aerosols opaque in visible-IR-millimeter-band spectracontaining coated microfiber dipoles[P]. US6578492,2003.
[23]付伟.毫米波无源干扰技术发展现状[J].火控雷达技术.2001,30：22-25.
[24]杜桂萍.毫米波无源干扰的几种技术途径[J].防化研究.2004,1：72-73.
[25]侯振宁.毫米波无源干扰技术发展综述[J].情报指挥控制系统与仿真技术[J].2003,177：34-36.
[26]蒋云,侯丽丽,代晓东.从专利文献看烟幕技术的发展状况[M].中国兵工学会火工烟火专业委员会第十四届学术年会论文集,2006：248-250.
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