企业电网无功优化及其风险评估
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摘要
随着电力系统发输配电环节的发展以及人们对电网运行要求的提高,用户对电力系统运行的影响越来越受到人们的重视,如何从用户层面入手提高整个电力系统运行的安全可靠水平成为电力系统研究的另一个重点问题,大型工业企业作为用户群体的主要组成部分,是研究的主要对象。
考虑到无功与系统运行的密切关系,本文从无功优化的角度入手对企业系统运行进行调整控制,改善企业级系统的运行特性,进一步对整个系统产生一定的有利影响。企业级无功优化采用改进的NSGA_Ⅱ算法直接对多个目标进行处理,通过时刻修正交叉和变异概率加快寻优速度,同时多个目标的并行处理提高了寻优的精度,通过算例仿真,表明该方法具有良好的寻优效果和寻优性能。
在优化运行的基础上,考虑到企业系统运行中的波动现象,本文从无功补偿和无功备用两方面入手对企业系统无功引起的电压风险进行了分析,基于该风险分析可以确定系统无功补偿的可靠水平,提示工作人员在不同工作阶段对不同的设备采取相对应的重视程度以及适当的调整控制措施。为了提高风险评估的准确程度,本文建立了时变的设备停运模型,在时变停运概率的基础上进行风险计算,通过算例分析证明了模型的合理性和可用性。
With the improvement of power generation, transmission and distribution and the development of people's requirements on power system operation, users'influences on power system operation have been taken into consideration. How to improve the safty and reliability of total sytem from the user level is becoming another key point. As the most important constitution of the user group, large industrial enterprises have been the main reasearch objects.
Considering the intimate connection between reactive power and system operation, we adjust the industrial power system operating through the measure of reactive power optimization in this paper. The improvement of industrial power system operation will have a certain beneficial influence on the total system. We use a modified NSGA_Ⅱalgorithm to decide multi objectives and speed the searching process by changing crossover and mutation probabilities timely. Meanwhile, the accuracy will be developed as the parallel disposing of different goals. Simulation results show that this method has favourable effectiveness and performance.
For the concern of industrial operating fluctuation, we conduct risk assessment on the base of optimal operation. In this paper, voltage risk caused by reactive power is discussed from two aspects, reactive power compensation and reactive power reservation.The reliable degree of reactive power for industrial power system can be determined based on the risk analysis, which can be used to remind staff to pay attention to different devices at different time and adopt suitable measures. We establish a time-varying outage model to caculate outage probabilities for risk assessment, aiming to increase precision. The rationality and availability of this model have been certified by the simulation results.
考虑到无功与系统运行的密切关系,本文从无功优化的角度入手对企业系统运行进行调整控制,改善企业级系统的运行特性,进一步对整个系统产生一定的有利影响。企业级无功优化采用改进的NSGA_Ⅱ算法直接对多个目标进行处理,通过时刻修正交叉和变异概率加快寻优速度,同时多个目标的并行处理提高了寻优的精度,通过算例仿真,表明该方法具有良好的寻优效果和寻优性能。
在优化运行的基础上,考虑到企业系统运行中的波动现象,本文从无功补偿和无功备用两方面入手对企业系统无功引起的电压风险进行了分析,基于该风险分析可以确定系统无功补偿的可靠水平,提示工作人员在不同工作阶段对不同的设备采取相对应的重视程度以及适当的调整控制措施。为了提高风险评估的准确程度,本文建立了时变的设备停运模型,在时变停运概率的基础上进行风险计算,通过算例分析证明了模型的合理性和可用性。
With the improvement of power generation, transmission and distribution and the development of people's requirements on power system operation, users'influences on power system operation have been taken into consideration. How to improve the safty and reliability of total sytem from the user level is becoming another key point. As the most important constitution of the user group, large industrial enterprises have been the main reasearch objects.
Considering the intimate connection between reactive power and system operation, we adjust the industrial power system operating through the measure of reactive power optimization in this paper. The improvement of industrial power system operation will have a certain beneficial influence on the total system. We use a modified NSGA_Ⅱalgorithm to decide multi objectives and speed the searching process by changing crossover and mutation probabilities timely. Meanwhile, the accuracy will be developed as the parallel disposing of different goals. Simulation results show that this method has favourable effectiveness and performance.
For the concern of industrial operating fluctuation, we conduct risk assessment on the base of optimal operation. In this paper, voltage risk caused by reactive power is discussed from two aspects, reactive power compensation and reactive power reservation.The reliable degree of reactive power for industrial power system can be determined based on the risk analysis, which can be used to remind staff to pay attention to different devices at different time and adopt suitable measures. We establish a time-varying outage model to caculate outage probabilities for risk assessment, aiming to increase precision. The rationality and availability of this model have been certified by the simulation results.
引文
[1]周双喜等.电力系统电压稳定性及其控制[M].北京：中国电力出版社,2009.
[2]冯越.大型工业企业配电网电压无功控制策略(硕士学位论文)[D].郑州大学,2009.
[3]李晓明,娄颖,尹项根,等.工业企业供用电系统无功补偿与节电[J].高电压技术,2006,32(6)：116-118.
[4]安天瑜.电力系统电压失稳风险评估及调控方法研究(博士学位论文)[D].哈尔滨工业大学,2007.
[5]王成亮.电力系统运行风险概率评估模型和算法研究(硕士学位论文)[D].重庆大学,2008.
[6]陈超.基于风险理论的受端电网动态无功电压支撑规划研究(硕士学位论文)[D].华南理工大学,2011.
[7]宋明曙.电力系统无功优化分析(硕士学位论文)[D].山东大学,2008.
[8]俞娟.无功优化新模型和算法研究及其在电压稳定风险评估中的应用(博士学位论文)[D].重庆大学,2007.
[9]胡德峰.电力系统无功电压优化的模型与算法研究(硕士学位论文)[D].华中科技大学,2006.
[10]唐剑东.电力系统无功优化算法及其应用研究(硕士学位论文)[D].华中科技大学,2004.
[11]李芳.线性规划法最优潮流的实用化研究(硕士学位论文)[D].中国电力科学研究院,2003.
[12]高旅端.线性规划：原理与方法[M].北京：北京工业大学出版社,1989.
[13]陈开明.非线性规划[M].上海：复旦大学出版社,1991.
[14]Sun D I, Bruce Ashley, Brain Brewer, etal. Optimal Power Flow by Newton Approach[J]. IEEE Trans on Power Apparatus and Systems,1984, PAS103(10):2864-2880.
[15]徐建亭,王秀英,李兴源.电力系统电压无功的序列二次规划算法[J].电力系统自动化,2001,10(1)：4-8.
[16]张明佳.混合整数规划方法的工程应用研究(硕士学位论文)[D].华中科技大学,2005.
[17]李乃湖.计及整型控制变量的电压-无功功率优化[J].电力系统自动化,1994,18(12)：5-11.
[18]刘光中.动态规划：理论及其应用[D].成都：成都科技大学出版社,1991.
[19]韩学山.动态优化调度的积留量法(博士学位论文)[D].哈尔滨工业大学,1994.
[20]马晋弢,L.L.Lai,杨以涵.遗传算法在电力系统无功优化中的应用[J].中国电机工程学报,1995,15(5)：347-353.
[21]李惠玲,盛万兴,张学仁,等.改进小生境遗传算法在电力系统无功优化中的应用[J].电网技术,2008,32(17)：29-34.
[22]蒲永红.改进遗传算法在无功优化中的应用研究(硕士学位论文)[D].山东大学,2007.
[23]苏琳.基于改进遗传算法的电力系统无功优化(硕士学位论文)[D].西南交通大学,2006.
[24]刘勇.非数值并行算法(第一册)模拟退火算法[M].北京：科学出版社,1994.
[25]Hsiao Y T, Liu C C, Chinang H D, etal. A new approach for optimal VAR sources planning in large scale electric power system[J]. IEEE Trans on Power Systems,1993,8(3): 1024-1032.
[26]王振树,李林川,李波.基于粒子群与模拟退火相结合的无功优化算法[J].山东大学学报(工学版),2008,38(6)：15-20.
[27]林文南.基于改进Tabu搜索算法的区域电网多目标无功优化(硕士学位论文)[D].长沙理工大学,2008.
[28]Zou Yiqin. Optimal Reactive Power Planning Based on Improved Tabu Search Algorithm[C]. ICECE 2010 International Conference,2010:3945-3948.
[29]姚煜,蔡春燕.离散粒子群与内点法结合的电力系统无功优化[J].电力系统保护与控制,2010,38(3)：48-52.
[30]吴方劫,张承学,段志远.基于动态多种群例子群算法的无功优化[J].电网技术,2007,31(24)：35-39.
[31]Hsu Y Y, Lu F C. A Combined Artificial Neural Network-Fuzzy Dynamic Programming Approach to Reactive Power/Voltage Control in A Distribution Substation[J]. IEEE Trans on Power Systems,1998,13(4):1265-1271.
[32]鲜宏章.基于自适应蚁群算法的电力系统无功优化研究(硕士学位论文)[D].电子科技大学,2008.
[33]袁远.基于改进人工鱼群算法的配电网无功优化(硕士学位论文)[D].南京理工大学,2008.
[34]黄伟,张建华,张聪,等.基于细菌群体趋药性算法的电力系统无功优化[J].电力系统自动化,31(7)：29-33.
[35]熊虎岗,程浩忠,李宏仲.基于免疫算法的多目标无功优化[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(11)：102-108.
[36]冯士刚,艾芊.利用强度Pareto进化算法的多目标无功优化[J].高电压技术,2007,33(9)：115-119.
[37]刘佳,李丹,高立群,等.多目标无功优化的向量评价自适应粒子群算法[J].中国电机工程学报,2008,28(31)：22-28.
[38]B.Leonardi, V. Ajjarapu. Investigation of Various Generators Reactive Power Reserve (GRPR) Definitions for Online Voltage Stability/Security Assessment[C]. Power & Energy Society General Meeting,2008:1-7.
[39]Feng Dong, Chowdhury B.HCrow M.L, etal. Improving Voltage Stability by Reactive Power Reserve Management[J]. IEEE, Trans on Power Systems,2005,20(1):338-345.
[40]Peng Wang, Wenping Qin, Xiaoqing Han, etal. Reliability Assessment of Power Systems Considering Reactive Power Sources[C]. Power & Energy Society General Meeting,2009: 1-7.
[41]Wenping Qin, Peng Wang. Reactive Power Aspects in Reliability Assessment of Power System[J]. IEEE Transaction on Power Systems,2011,26(1):85-92.
[42]戴剑锋,周双喜,鲁宗相,等.基于风险的电力系统无功优化问题研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(22)：38-43.
[43]艾琳,罗龙,陈为化.基于风险的电力市场无功电源评估[J].华东电力,2008,36(5)：44-47.
[44]贾振航.企业节能技术[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2009.
[45]何剑,程林,孙元章,王鹏.条件相依的输变电设备短期可靠性模型[J].中国电机工程学报,2009,29(7)：39-46.
[46]Billinton R, Singh G. Application of Adverse and Extreme Adverse Weather Modeling in Transmission and Distribution System Reliability Evaluation[J]. IEEE Proceeding: Generation, Transmission and Distribution,2006,153(1):1115-120.
[47]P.Caramia, G.Carpinelli, P.Verde, etal. An approach to Life Estimation of Electrical Plant Components in the Presence of Harmonic Distortion[J]. Harmonics and Quality of Power, 2000,3:887-892.
[48]M.Mamdouh Abd El Aziz, Doaa Khalil Ibrahim, etal. Estimation of the Lifetime of Electrical Components in Distribution Networks[J]. The Online Journal on Electronics and Electrical Engineering,2010,2(3):269-273.
[49]李文沅.电力系统风险评估：模型、方法和应用[M].北京：科学出版社,2006.
[50]汪隆君,王钢,李博.基于半马尔可夫过程的继电保护可靠性建模[J].电力系统自动化,2010,34(18)：6-10.
[51]宁辽逸,吴文传,张伯明.电力系统运行风险评估中元件时变停运模型分析[J].电力系统自动化,33(16)：7-12.
[52]Xiao F, McCalley J.D, Ou Y, etal. Contingency Probability Estimation Using Weather and Geographical Data for On-Line Security Assessment[C]. PMAPS 2006 International Conference,2006:1-7.
[53]Sun Y, Wang P, Cheng L, etal. Operational reliability assessment of power systems considering condition-dependent failure rate[J]. IET Generation Transmission & Distribution, 2010,4(1):60-72.
[54]艾琳.电网安全性与经济性评估若干问题研究(博士学位论文)[D].华北电力大学,2009.
[55]Xu W, Zhang Y, da Silva L.C.P, etal. Valuation of Dynamic Reactive Power Support Services for Transmission Access[J]. IEEE Transaction on Power Systems,2001,16(4): 719-728.
[2]冯越.大型工业企业配电网电压无功控制策略(硕士学位论文)[D].郑州大学,2009.
[3]李晓明,娄颖,尹项根,等.工业企业供用电系统无功补偿与节电[J].高电压技术,2006,32(6)：116-118.
[4]安天瑜.电力系统电压失稳风险评估及调控方法研究(博士学位论文)[D].哈尔滨工业大学,2007.
[5]王成亮.电力系统运行风险概率评估模型和算法研究(硕士学位论文)[D].重庆大学,2008.
[6]陈超.基于风险理论的受端电网动态无功电压支撑规划研究(硕士学位论文)[D].华南理工大学,2011.
[7]宋明曙.电力系统无功优化分析(硕士学位论文)[D].山东大学,2008.
[8]俞娟.无功优化新模型和算法研究及其在电压稳定风险评估中的应用(博士学位论文)[D].重庆大学,2007.
[9]胡德峰.电力系统无功电压优化的模型与算法研究(硕士学位论文)[D].华中科技大学,2006.
[10]唐剑东.电力系统无功优化算法及其应用研究(硕士学位论文)[D].华中科技大学,2004.
[11]李芳.线性规划法最优潮流的实用化研究(硕士学位论文)[D].中国电力科学研究院,2003.
[12]高旅端.线性规划：原理与方法[M].北京：北京工业大学出版社,1989.
[13]陈开明.非线性规划[M].上海：复旦大学出版社,1991.
[14]Sun D I, Bruce Ashley, Brain Brewer, etal. Optimal Power Flow by Newton Approach[J]. IEEE Trans on Power Apparatus and Systems,1984, PAS103(10):2864-2880.
[15]徐建亭,王秀英,李兴源.电力系统电压无功的序列二次规划算法[J].电力系统自动化,2001,10(1)：4-8.
[16]张明佳.混合整数规划方法的工程应用研究(硕士学位论文)[D].华中科技大学,2005.
[17]李乃湖.计及整型控制变量的电压-无功功率优化[J].电力系统自动化,1994,18(12)：5-11.
[18]刘光中.动态规划：理论及其应用[D].成都：成都科技大学出版社,1991.
[19]韩学山.动态优化调度的积留量法(博士学位论文)[D].哈尔滨工业大学,1994.
[20]马晋弢,L.L.Lai,杨以涵.遗传算法在电力系统无功优化中的应用[J].中国电机工程学报,1995,15(5)：347-353.
[21]李惠玲,盛万兴,张学仁,等.改进小生境遗传算法在电力系统无功优化中的应用[J].电网技术,2008,32(17)：29-34.
[22]蒲永红.改进遗传算法在无功优化中的应用研究(硕士学位论文)[D].山东大学,2007.
[23]苏琳.基于改进遗传算法的电力系统无功优化(硕士学位论文)[D].西南交通大学,2006.
[24]刘勇.非数值并行算法(第一册)模拟退火算法[M].北京：科学出版社,1994.
[25]Hsiao Y T, Liu C C, Chinang H D, etal. A new approach for optimal VAR sources planning in large scale electric power system[J]. IEEE Trans on Power Systems,1993,8(3): 1024-1032.
[26]王振树,李林川,李波.基于粒子群与模拟退火相结合的无功优化算法[J].山东大学学报(工学版),2008,38(6)：15-20.
[27]林文南.基于改进Tabu搜索算法的区域电网多目标无功优化(硕士学位论文)[D].长沙理工大学,2008.
[28]Zou Yiqin. Optimal Reactive Power Planning Based on Improved Tabu Search Algorithm[C]. ICECE 2010 International Conference,2010:3945-3948.
[29]姚煜,蔡春燕.离散粒子群与内点法结合的电力系统无功优化[J].电力系统保护与控制,2010,38(3)：48-52.
[30]吴方劫,张承学,段志远.基于动态多种群例子群算法的无功优化[J].电网技术,2007,31(24)：35-39.
[31]Hsu Y Y, Lu F C. A Combined Artificial Neural Network-Fuzzy Dynamic Programming Approach to Reactive Power/Voltage Control in A Distribution Substation[J]. IEEE Trans on Power Systems,1998,13(4):1265-1271.
[32]鲜宏章.基于自适应蚁群算法的电力系统无功优化研究(硕士学位论文)[D].电子科技大学,2008.
[33]袁远.基于改进人工鱼群算法的配电网无功优化(硕士学位论文)[D].南京理工大学,2008.
[34]黄伟,张建华,张聪,等.基于细菌群体趋药性算法的电力系统无功优化[J].电力系统自动化,31(7)：29-33.
[35]熊虎岗,程浩忠,李宏仲.基于免疫算法的多目标无功优化[J].中国电机工程学报,2006,26(11)：102-108.
[36]冯士刚,艾芊.利用强度Pareto进化算法的多目标无功优化[J].高电压技术,2007,33(9)：115-119.
[37]刘佳,李丹,高立群,等.多目标无功优化的向量评价自适应粒子群算法[J].中国电机工程学报,2008,28(31)：22-28.
[38]B.Leonardi, V. Ajjarapu. Investigation of Various Generators Reactive Power Reserve (GRPR) Definitions for Online Voltage Stability/Security Assessment[C]. Power & Energy Society General Meeting,2008:1-7.
[39]Feng Dong, Chowdhury B.HCrow M.L, etal. Improving Voltage Stability by Reactive Power Reserve Management[J]. IEEE, Trans on Power Systems,2005,20(1):338-345.
[40]Peng Wang, Wenping Qin, Xiaoqing Han, etal. Reliability Assessment of Power Systems Considering Reactive Power Sources[C]. Power & Energy Society General Meeting,2009: 1-7.
[41]Wenping Qin, Peng Wang. Reactive Power Aspects in Reliability Assessment of Power System[J]. IEEE Transaction on Power Systems,2011,26(1):85-92.
[42]戴剑锋,周双喜,鲁宗相,等.基于风险的电力系统无功优化问题研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2007,27(22)：38-43.
[43]艾琳,罗龙,陈为化.基于风险的电力市场无功电源评估[J].华东电力,2008,36(5)：44-47.
[44]贾振航.企业节能技术[M].北京：化学工业出版社,2009.
[45]何剑,程林,孙元章,王鹏.条件相依的输变电设备短期可靠性模型[J].中国电机工程学报,2009,29(7)：39-46.
[46]Billinton R, Singh G. Application of Adverse and Extreme Adverse Weather Modeling in Transmission and Distribution System Reliability Evaluation[J]. IEEE Proceeding: Generation, Transmission and Distribution,2006,153(1):1115-120.
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