基于无线传感器网络的山体滑坡监测预警系统设计与研究
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摘要
我国是一个地质灾害多发的国家,据统计,我国每年因滑坡灾害造成的各种经济损失高达几十亿元,死亡人数上千人,山体滑坡严重威胁人民的生命财产安全。而现有的山体滑坡监测技术方法设备成本高、性能差、实时性低等因素严重影响监测设备的大范围布置以及监测效果。无线传感器网络作为一种全新的信息获取手段,已广泛应用于生活与生产的各个领域,这使无线传感器网络应用于山体滑坡监测成为可能。因此,针对现有山体滑坡监测技术方法的不足以及山体滑坡监测的实际需求,开发和设计一套山体滑坡监测预警系统,实现传感器数据实时采集、可靠传输、节点自组网、数据远程传输以及数据查询显示。
本文从山体滑坡监测现状入手,针对现有监测方法和技术的不足,提出基于无线传感器网络的山体滑坡监测预警系统。此外,针对山体滑坡监测的恶劣环境以及对监测系统的性能要求,提出了改进的最小跳数路由协议,降低网络能耗、减少数据传输延迟、增强网络鲁棒性、提高节点布置及组网灵活性。为了实现数据的远程传输,采用GPRS无线通信方式传输监测数据,并结合远程监控中心,实现数据的实时显示、查询、保存以及滑坡的预警预报。本文主要研究内容包括以下五个方面:
1)研究了山体滑坡监测技术手段的研究现状,分析了无线传感器网络技术的发展现状及其应用于山体滑坡监测的研究现状;
2)设计了山体滑坡监测系统的总体结构,阐明了终端节点及路由节点的软硬件设计思路,详述了sink节点的软硬件设计;
3)研究了无线传感器网络路由协议,详细分析了最小跳数路由协议的优缺点,并针对山体滑坡监测的实际需求,改进并设计了最小跳数路由协议;
4)设计了远程监控中心的体系结构,详细介绍了各功能模块的软件设计及功能,阐明了系统测试方案,分析了测试结果,测试结果表明,监测系统传感器数据采集准确,系统工作稳定,节点组网灵活,监测系统具有良好的使用价值。
China is a country with many geological disasters. According to statistics, every year landslides cause the economic losses amounted to billions of dollars. And the same time, it cause thousands of deaths. Landslide seriously threats people's lives and property. The existing landslide monitoring technology and methods with high equipment costs, poor performance, and lowly real-time seriously affects a wide range of layout of monitoring equipment and the monitoring results. Wireless sensor networks is a new means of information acquisition, and it has been widely used in all areas of life, which makes it possibly to use wireless sensor networks to monitor landslides. Therefore, in allusion to the weakness of existing landslides monitoring technology and the actual needs of monitoring landslides, a landslide monitoring and warning system is developed and designed. It achieve sensor data real-time collection, reliable transmission, node networks, remote data transmission and data queries.
From the present situation of landslides monitoring, in allusion to the deficiency of current monitoring methods and techniques, landslides monitoring and warning systems based on wireless sensor networks has been proposed. In addition, in allusion to the harsh landslides environment and the performance for landslide monitoring system, an improved minimum hop routing protocol has been proposed. It has reduced energy consumption, data transmission delay, increased network robustness, improved the node layout and networking flexibility. In order to achieve the remote transmission of data, GPRS wireless communications has been used to transmit monitoring data. Combined with remote monitoring center, data has been real-timely displayed, queried and saved. Landslide has been forecasted and warned.This paper includes the following five main areas:
Firstly, study situation of the landslide monitoring techniques was studied, the development of wireless sensor network technology and the research of its application on monitoring landslides was analyzed. Secondly, overall structure of monitoring system for landslides was designed. The software and hardware design of the terminal node and routing node was clarified. , details the hardware and software design of sink node was detailed.Thirdly, the wireless sensor network routing protocols was studied. The strengths and weaknesses of the minimum hop routing protocols was detailedly analysed. In allusion to the actual needs of landslide monitoring, and the minimum hop routing protocol was designed and improved. Lastly, a remote monitoring center architecture was designed. Software design and function each functional module was introduced. The system test results shew that the system collected sensor data accurately, the system was stable, the network was flexible and the monitoring system had good value in use.
本文从山体滑坡监测现状入手,针对现有监测方法和技术的不足,提出基于无线传感器网络的山体滑坡监测预警系统。此外,针对山体滑坡监测的恶劣环境以及对监测系统的性能要求,提出了改进的最小跳数路由协议,降低网络能耗、减少数据传输延迟、增强网络鲁棒性、提高节点布置及组网灵活性。为了实现数据的远程传输,采用GPRS无线通信方式传输监测数据,并结合远程监控中心,实现数据的实时显示、查询、保存以及滑坡的预警预报。本文主要研究内容包括以下五个方面:
1)研究了山体滑坡监测技术手段的研究现状,分析了无线传感器网络技术的发展现状及其应用于山体滑坡监测的研究现状;
2)设计了山体滑坡监测系统的总体结构,阐明了终端节点及路由节点的软硬件设计思路,详述了sink节点的软硬件设计;
3)研究了无线传感器网络路由协议,详细分析了最小跳数路由协议的优缺点,并针对山体滑坡监测的实际需求,改进并设计了最小跳数路由协议;
4)设计了远程监控中心的体系结构,详细介绍了各功能模块的软件设计及功能,阐明了系统测试方案,分析了测试结果,测试结果表明,监测系统传感器数据采集准确,系统工作稳定,节点组网灵活,监测系统具有良好的使用价值。
China is a country with many geological disasters. According to statistics, every year landslides cause the economic losses amounted to billions of dollars. And the same time, it cause thousands of deaths. Landslide seriously threats people's lives and property. The existing landslide monitoring technology and methods with high equipment costs, poor performance, and lowly real-time seriously affects a wide range of layout of monitoring equipment and the monitoring results. Wireless sensor networks is a new means of information acquisition, and it has been widely used in all areas of life, which makes it possibly to use wireless sensor networks to monitor landslides. Therefore, in allusion to the weakness of existing landslides monitoring technology and the actual needs of monitoring landslides, a landslide monitoring and warning system is developed and designed. It achieve sensor data real-time collection, reliable transmission, node networks, remote data transmission and data queries.
From the present situation of landslides monitoring, in allusion to the deficiency of current monitoring methods and techniques, landslides monitoring and warning systems based on wireless sensor networks has been proposed. In addition, in allusion to the harsh landslides environment and the performance for landslide monitoring system, an improved minimum hop routing protocol has been proposed. It has reduced energy consumption, data transmission delay, increased network robustness, improved the node layout and networking flexibility. In order to achieve the remote transmission of data, GPRS wireless communications has been used to transmit monitoring data. Combined with remote monitoring center, data has been real-timely displayed, queried and saved. Landslide has been forecasted and warned.This paper includes the following five main areas:
Firstly, study situation of the landslide monitoring techniques was studied, the development of wireless sensor network technology and the research of its application on monitoring landslides was analyzed. Secondly, overall structure of monitoring system for landslides was designed. The software and hardware design of the terminal node and routing node was clarified. , details the hardware and software design of sink node was detailed.Thirdly, the wireless sensor network routing protocols was studied. The strengths and weaknesses of the minimum hop routing protocols was detailedly analysed. In allusion to the actual needs of landslide monitoring, and the minimum hop routing protocol was designed and improved. Lastly, a remote monitoring center architecture was designed. Software design and function each functional module was introduced. The system test results shew that the system collected sensor data accurately, the system was stable, the network was flexible and the monitoring system had good value in use.
引文
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[7]林水通.滑坡灾害监测方法综述[J]福建建筑, 2006,(05):73-74.
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[9] Su MB, Chen IH, Liao CH.Using TDR Cables and GPS for Landslide Monitoring in High Mountain Area[J].JOURNAL OF GEOTECHNICAL AND GEOENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING,2009,135(8):1113-1121.
[10]邱健壮,潘鹏.GPS经典相对静态定位已知数据利用研究[J].山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2006,37(1):70-74.
[11] Dykes AP.Geomorphological maps of Irish peat landslides created using hand-held GPS[C].JOURNAL OF MAPS,2008:258-276.
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[16]邱健壮,孙克强,赵立中.GPS监测山体滑坡方法的研究[J].山东农业大学学报(自然科学版),2008,39(4):577-582.
[17]过珺,杨久龙,丁志刚等.GPS在滑坡监测中的应用研究—以四川雅安峡口滑坡为例[J].地质力学学报,2004,10(1):65-70.
[18]张洁,胡光道,罗宁波.INSAR技术在滑坡监测中的应用研究[J].工程地球物理学报,2004,1(2):147-154.
[19]王治华.RS + GCPs获取滑坡基本信息[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2004,15(1):94-101.
[20] Qiang Fan, Zhang YA, Luo QL.Study on the opencast landslide monitoring and warning methods based on the GPS, RS and GIS technology[C].3rd International Symposium on Modern Mining and Safety Technology,2008.713-716.
[21] Ozdemir H, Turoglu H.Landslide susceptibility assessment using GIS and RS in the Havran river basin (Balikesir-TURKEY)[C].Beijing China: 12th Conference of the International-Association -for-Mathematical-Geology,2007.185-189.
[22]杨军杰,张志,王旭等.汶川县地震次生山地地质灾害遥感调查[J].山地学报,2008,26(6):755-760.
[23]邬晓岚,涂亚庆.滑坡监测的一种新方法—TDR技术探析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(5):740-744.
[24]张友谊,胡卸文,朱海勇.滑坡与降雨关系研究展望[J]自然灾害学报.2007,16(1):104-108.
[25]汤国起,周策.采用钻孔倾斜仪监测滑坡深部水平位移方法和仪器的研究[J].探矿工程,2008(12):19-22.
[26]金亚秋,王大芳.ALOS SAR图像2EM-MRF方法自动检测2008年5月中国汶川地震区域三类地表变化[J].自然科学进展,2009,19(4):412-420.
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