电动汽车驱动系统的研究
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摘要
汽车给人们的生活带来了很多的便利,但同时也给人们带来了“能源消耗,环境污染”两个大问题。电动汽车代替燃油汽车是解决能源短缺和减少环境污染的有效途径之一。电动汽车的出现到现在已经历了一百多年,但是由于电动汽车存在一些有待解决的关键性问题,所以到目前电动汽车还没有得到广泛的应用。
在参阅了国内外大量文献后,以提高运行效率、节约能源为主要研究任务,研究、设计高效节能型的电动汽车驱动系统的相关方案。分析对比几种可以用于电动汽车驱动的电动机的优缺点,选定了高效节能的开关磁阻电动机作为驱动电机;根据所选用电动机的特点来设计了节能高效型机械传动装置方案;对电动机的结构参数、电磁参数做了计算和校验,验证可以满足电动汽车的性能指标要求;通过对电动汽车驱动系统的仿真,结果表明具有较好动、静态特性;论述了电动汽车驱动系统的组成、控制方法、控制环节的可行性。
综合分析、设计、论述,阐明了所研究探讨的开关磁阻电动机、机械传动装置方案、控制方法具有一定理论和现实的指导意义,对电动汽车的进一步研究的有一定的参考价值。
By the fast economic development, the vehicles have become to one of the indispensability traffic tools. The vehicles bring convenient to people, and at the same time they bring the problems of energy sources and environment protection. One of the effective methods of solves the problems which are energy sources shortage and environment pollution decrease is the electric vehicles replace the oil-fueled vehicles.
The dissertation introduces the general development situation of the electric vehicles inside and outside and the background and significance of the electric vehicles research. After comparative analyses to the capability of electric vehicles and oil-fueled vehicles, we draw the conclusion that the excellences of electric vehicles are small pollution, low noisy, high effect, diversification, simple structure and well run capability. The electric vehicles take the accumulator to drive power supply, and the accumulators are expensive at present; the continuance mileage is shorter after once electrification, it is unconfirmed to long-distance driving, so the electric vehicles are not extensive application at present. For this reason,there is a problem deserve to research is how to use the accumulators effective. The main research aim of this dissertation is enhance the driving efficiency and saving energy sources. Pilot study of research and discuss to the effective economize energy style of the electric vehicles driving system and designed the correlative project.
For enhance the utilize rate to the accumulators, economize the electric energy, enhance the continuance mileage after once electrification. This dissertationanalyzes the advantages and disadvantages of generally several types driving electromotor, and chooses the high economize switched reluctance motor as the driving electromotor firstly. Secondly, according to the chosen switched reluctance motor advantages which are 4 quadrant chopper operation, convenient control and agility. The advantages of switched reluctance motor are easily to satisfy the startup, stop and control adding-decelerate speed of the electric vehicles. Accidence designs the project of economize energy and efficiency to the mechanic gearing. Last, adopt the linear analyses to calculate and checkout the structural parameter and electromagnetic parameter of the switched reluctance motor. The result shows that the switched reluctance motor can satisfy every index requirement of electric vehicles. and simulate the drive system of the electric automobile,the result shows that it satisfies the require of design indexs. The dissertation makes an original discussion to the speed-adjustment control system composition, control method, the software and hardware to the control tache of the switched reluctance motor.
By the integrative analyze, design and discuss. The dissertation illuminates the switched reluctance motor, mechanic gearing and control methods are feasible, it has a definite referential value to the more research of the electric vehicles.
在参阅了国内外大量文献后,以提高运行效率、节约能源为主要研究任务,研究、设计高效节能型的电动汽车驱动系统的相关方案。分析对比几种可以用于电动汽车驱动的电动机的优缺点,选定了高效节能的开关磁阻电动机作为驱动电机;根据所选用电动机的特点来设计了节能高效型机械传动装置方案;对电动机的结构参数、电磁参数做了计算和校验,验证可以满足电动汽车的性能指标要求;通过对电动汽车驱动系统的仿真,结果表明具有较好动、静态特性;论述了电动汽车驱动系统的组成、控制方法、控制环节的可行性。
综合分析、设计、论述,阐明了所研究探讨的开关磁阻电动机、机械传动装置方案、控制方法具有一定理论和现实的指导意义,对电动汽车的进一步研究的有一定的参考价值。
By the fast economic development, the vehicles have become to one of the indispensability traffic tools. The vehicles bring convenient to people, and at the same time they bring the problems of energy sources and environment protection. One of the effective methods of solves the problems which are energy sources shortage and environment pollution decrease is the electric vehicles replace the oil-fueled vehicles.
The dissertation introduces the general development situation of the electric vehicles inside and outside and the background and significance of the electric vehicles research. After comparative analyses to the capability of electric vehicles and oil-fueled vehicles, we draw the conclusion that the excellences of electric vehicles are small pollution, low noisy, high effect, diversification, simple structure and well run capability. The electric vehicles take the accumulator to drive power supply, and the accumulators are expensive at present; the continuance mileage is shorter after once electrification, it is unconfirmed to long-distance driving, so the electric vehicles are not extensive application at present. For this reason,there is a problem deserve to research is how to use the accumulators effective. The main research aim of this dissertation is enhance the driving efficiency and saving energy sources. Pilot study of research and discuss to the effective economize energy style of the electric vehicles driving system and designed the correlative project.
For enhance the utilize rate to the accumulators, economize the electric energy, enhance the continuance mileage after once electrification. This dissertationanalyzes the advantages and disadvantages of generally several types driving electromotor, and chooses the high economize switched reluctance motor as the driving electromotor firstly. Secondly, according to the chosen switched reluctance motor advantages which are 4 quadrant chopper operation, convenient control and agility. The advantages of switched reluctance motor are easily to satisfy the startup, stop and control adding-decelerate speed of the electric vehicles. Accidence designs the project of economize energy and efficiency to the mechanic gearing. Last, adopt the linear analyses to calculate and checkout the structural parameter and electromagnetic parameter of the switched reluctance motor. The result shows that the switched reluctance motor can satisfy every index requirement of electric vehicles. and simulate the drive system of the electric automobile,the result shows that it satisfies the require of design indexs. The dissertation makes an original discussion to the speed-adjustment control system composition, control method, the software and hardware to the control tache of the switched reluctance motor.
By the integrative analyze, design and discuss. The dissertation illuminates the switched reluctance motor, mechanic gearing and control methods are feasible, it has a definite referential value to the more research of the electric vehicles.
引文
[1] 黄旭,影响汽车技术发展的两大因素——环境与能源[J].内燃机,2001,:25-27.
[2] 毕道治,电动汽车电池的开发现状及展望[J].电池工业,2000,5(2):56-63.
[3] 电动汽车重大专项办公室,电动汽车的特点。2003 年 6 月
[4]吴建华,开关磁阻电机设计与应用,机械工业出版社,2000.6: 1-7。
[5]王宏华,开关型磁阻电动机调速控制技术,机械工业出版社,1995.6:3-5
[6]廖全来,张乘宁,电动汽车学,华南理工大学出版社,1997
[7]中国电工技术学会电动车辆研究会编.世界各国电动车辆概况.电动车辆研究与开发,2000,(053):2-48
[8] 廖全来等,电动汽车的关键技术及发展对策,中国机械工程,1993,4(4):46-48
[9]萧雷 ,我国电动汽车实验示范区介绍,电动车辆与开发,2000,(088):12
[10]我国三大汽车集团电动汽车开发动态,电动车辆研究与开发,2002,(106):11-12
[11] 毛良明,经亚枝,樊小明,开关磁阻电机间接位置检测方案研究,中小型电机,1999,26(3):13-15
[12] 翟遂春,开关磁阻电动机 PWM 调压调速的实现与分析,中小型电机,1999,26(5):26-30
[13] 王宏华,李训铭,一种新型 SR 电机功率变换器主电路的分析与设计,中小型电机,1999,26(4):18-22
[14] 王东辉,开关磁阻电动机相电流理论解析,中小型电机,1999,26(5):15-19
[15] 常国强,詹琼华,新型四相开关磁阻电机驱动系统,中小型电机,1996,23(3):17-21
[16]刘帷信,汽车设计,清华大学出版社, ,99-100
[17] 詹琼华等,电动汽车用各种电动机驱动系统的探讨,汽车研究与开发,1994(3).14
[18] 王正键,电动汽车传动系统设计方案的探讨,公路与汽运2001,6 ,6)
[19] 冉振亚,曹文明,杨超,赵树恩,庞迪;一种新型双能源电动汽车的动力传动系统,重庆大学学报,2004(6)。
[20]Ernest H. Wakefield.电动汽车发展史[M].叶云屏,孙逢春译.北京:北京理工大学出版社.1998
[21] 常思勤,汽车动力装置,机械工业出版社,2006.2
[22] [苏]吴斯金诺夫.蓄电池[M]。北京:机械工业出版社,1958
[23]张洪欣,汽车设计。北京:机械工业出版社,1999
[24]申永胜.机械原理教程.北京:清华大学出版社,2000
[25]钱立军,赵韩,高立新;电动汽车开发的关键技术及技术路线,合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版)2002.2:16-17
[26]朱松然.铅酸蓄电池技术.北京:机械工业出版社,1988
[27]王建锋.汽车动力传动系统优化匹配的研究[D].江苏:江苏理工大学硕士论文,1998.
[28]谭建成.电动汽车及其电驱动技术(一)[J].电机电器技术,1998,(1):19-24
[29]GB/T 18332.1-2001,《电动道路车辆用铅酸蓄电池》
[30]梁冠安,徐文宪,钟连方,用派克方程分析开关磁阻电动机,微特电机,1995,3:2-6
[31]A Representative Selection of Information on SR Drives.ibid,1991
[32] J.H.CHEN,K.T.CHAO,Q.JIANG,Analysis of Chaotic Behavior in Switched Reluctance Motors Using Voltage PWM Regulation, Electric Power Components and Systems,2001,29:221-227
[33]Lawrenson P J,Stephenson J M,Variable-speed Switched Reluctance motors, Proc. Inst. Elect. Eng, 1980, 127(B),(4):253-265
[34]Muteru P N,Krishnan R,Stesdy-state Analysis of theVariable-speed SwitchedReluctance Motor Drive, IEEE. Trans. Ind. Electron, 1989, 36:523-529
[35]陈清泉等,现代电动汽车技术,北京理工大学出版社,2002,11:30-45
[36][日]汽车工程全书编辑委员会,汽车的传动装置,机械工业出版社,1993,12:249-252
[37]林宁,汽车设计,机械工业出版社,1999.8:5-14
[38]李兴虎,电动汽车概论,北京理工大学出版社,2005,8:187-191
[39]刘迪吉,开关磁阻电动机,机械工业出版社,1994,8:56-64
[40]Proceeding of the 15th International Electric Vehicle Symposium,1998
[41] Proceeding of the 15th International Electric Vehicle Symposium,1999
[42] 陈清泉,孙逢春,祝嘉光,现代电动汽车技术,北京理工大学出版社,2002,11:6-16
[43] 刘迪吉,开关磁阻电动机,机械工业出版社,1994,8:123-130
[2] 毕道治,电动汽车电池的开发现状及展望[J].电池工业,2000,5(2):56-63.
[3] 电动汽车重大专项办公室,电动汽车的特点。2003 年 6 月
[4]吴建华,开关磁阻电机设计与应用,机械工业出版社,2000.6: 1-7。
[5]王宏华,开关型磁阻电动机调速控制技术,机械工业出版社,1995.6:3-5
[6]廖全来,张乘宁,电动汽车学,华南理工大学出版社,1997
[7]中国电工技术学会电动车辆研究会编.世界各国电动车辆概况.电动车辆研究与开发,2000,(053):2-48
[8] 廖全来等,电动汽车的关键技术及发展对策,中国机械工程,1993,4(4):46-48
[9]萧雷 ,我国电动汽车实验示范区介绍,电动车辆与开发,2000,(088):12
[10]我国三大汽车集团电动汽车开发动态,电动车辆研究与开发,2002,(106):11-12
[11] 毛良明,经亚枝,樊小明,开关磁阻电机间接位置检测方案研究,中小型电机,1999,26(3):13-15
[12] 翟遂春,开关磁阻电动机 PWM 调压调速的实现与分析,中小型电机,1999,26(5):26-30
[13] 王宏华,李训铭,一种新型 SR 电机功率变换器主电路的分析与设计,中小型电机,1999,26(4):18-22
[14] 王东辉,开关磁阻电动机相电流理论解析,中小型电机,1999,26(5):15-19
[15] 常国强,詹琼华,新型四相开关磁阻电机驱动系统,中小型电机,1996,23(3):17-21
[16]刘帷信,汽车设计,清华大学出版社, ,99-100
[17] 詹琼华等,电动汽车用各种电动机驱动系统的探讨,汽车研究与开发,1994(3).14
[18] 王正键,电动汽车传动系统设计方案的探讨,公路与汽运2001,6 ,6)
[19] 冉振亚,曹文明,杨超,赵树恩,庞迪;一种新型双能源电动汽车的动力传动系统,重庆大学学报,2004(6)。
[20]Ernest H. Wakefield.电动汽车发展史[M].叶云屏,孙逢春译.北京:北京理工大学出版社.1998
[21] 常思勤,汽车动力装置,机械工业出版社,2006.2
[22] [苏]吴斯金诺夫.蓄电池[M]。北京:机械工业出版社,1958
[23]张洪欣,汽车设计。北京:机械工业出版社,1999
[24]申永胜.机械原理教程.北京:清华大学出版社,2000
[25]钱立军,赵韩,高立新;电动汽车开发的关键技术及技术路线,合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版)2002.2:16-17
[26]朱松然.铅酸蓄电池技术.北京:机械工业出版社,1988
[27]王建锋.汽车动力传动系统优化匹配的研究[D].江苏:江苏理工大学硕士论文,1998.
[28]谭建成.电动汽车及其电驱动技术(一)[J].电机电器技术,1998,(1):19-24
[29]GB/T 18332.1-2001,《电动道路车辆用铅酸蓄电池》
[30]梁冠安,徐文宪,钟连方,用派克方程分析开关磁阻电动机,微特电机,1995,3:2-6
[31]A Representative Selection of Information on SR Drives.ibid,1991
[32] J.H.CHEN,K.T.CHAO,Q.JIANG,Analysis of Chaotic Behavior in Switched Reluctance Motors Using Voltage PWM Regulation, Electric Power Components and Systems,2001,29:221-227
[33]Lawrenson P J,Stephenson J M,Variable-speed Switched Reluctance motors, Proc. Inst. Elect. Eng, 1980, 127(B),(4):253-265
[34]Muteru P N,Krishnan R,Stesdy-state Analysis of theVariable-speed SwitchedReluctance Motor Drive, IEEE. Trans. Ind. Electron, 1989, 36:523-529
[35]陈清泉等,现代电动汽车技术,北京理工大学出版社,2002,11:30-45
[36][日]汽车工程全书编辑委员会,汽车的传动装置,机械工业出版社,1993,12:249-252
[37]林宁,汽车设计,机械工业出版社,1999.8:5-14
[38]李兴虎,电动汽车概论,北京理工大学出版社,2005,8:187-191
[39]刘迪吉,开关磁阻电动机,机械工业出版社,1994,8:56-64
[40]Proceeding of the 15th International Electric Vehicle Symposium,1998
[41] Proceeding of the 15th International Electric Vehicle Symposium,1999
[42] 陈清泉,孙逢春,祝嘉光,现代电动汽车技术,北京理工大学出版社,2002,11:6-16
[43] 刘迪吉,开关磁阻电动机,机械工业出版社,1994,8:123-130