供应链信息系统柔性研究
摘要
自上个世纪90年代以来,供应链的柔性问题一直是供应链管理研究的一个重要领域。传统的供应链柔性研究只局限于供应链的功能柔性,如采购柔性,制造柔性,需求柔性等。随着全球经济一体化进程的加快,IT技术,尤其是Internet技术的迅猛发展,供应链信息系统作为供应链内部和外部信息的管理手段和技术工具,逐渐得到了企业的重视,并将供应链信息系统的柔性纳入供应链柔性的理论体系之中。供应链信息系统的柔性对于促进供应链合作伙伴的协调,加强供应链信息的共享和传递能力都具有重要意义。
论文将定性分析、理论研究、调查统计分析等研究方法综合运用,将供应链管理理论,不确定性信息处理,柔性化服务配置,供应链知识创新等理论和方法相融合,按照分析柔性驱动因素和柔性需求、提高系统柔性这一逻辑过程,对供应链信息系统的柔性进行了系统化研究。以期为建立柔性化的供应链信息系统提供技术支持与决策参考。下面简要介绍本文的主要研究内容:
(1)通过对供应链柔性的分析,引出供应链信息系统柔性问题,指出供应链信息系统柔性是供应链柔性研究的重要组成部分。其主要表现在于对不确定性信息的处理、根据供应链成员的需要灵活配置系统结构、支持供应链系统对环境的主动作用等方面。并对本文的研究假设和研究思路与方法进行详细的介绍。指出本文将根据slacks的柔性三阶段理论,按照系统对环境变化的反应程度,从缓冲、适应、创新等角度研究供应链信息系统的柔性问题。
(2)通过对供应链柔性、供应链信息系统柔性、不确定性信息处理等与本文研究相关专业文献的阅读,分析了当前研究中存在的不足,并指明了本文的研究方向。认为不足之处在于现有文献主要偏重管理手段和社会属性因素同供应链系统柔性的关系研究,而对于系统的技术属性,如:不确定性信息处理、业务流程和数据的柔性化配置等方面研究不够深入。将本文的研究方向定为供应链信息系统对不确定性信息的处理,系统的柔性化配置,系统对环境的反作用等问题。
(3)对供应链信息系统中与柔性相关的特性进行了分析。包括供应链信息系统所处的环境、系统的复杂性、系统的数据模型和业务模型。并对本文的研究对象进行了界定。
(4)主要研究供应链信息系统的缓冲柔性。分析了缓冲柔性的驱动因素和柔性需求。认为缓冲柔性主要体现为系统对不确定性信息的处理。将供应链信息系统所处理的不确定性信息分为两种类型:一种是在传输过程中产生的不确定性信息,一种是由于供应链运作原因产生的不确定性信息。针对前者,选用基于三角函数的模糊估值方法对接收到的不确定性信息模糊估值。对于后者,提出了个体信息和公有信息综合协调控制的信息协同点模型,解决运作过程中产生不确定信息的问题。
(5)研究供应链信息系统的适应柔性,认为系统的适应柔性主要表现在通过灵活配置系统服务来适应系统的改变需求。本文提出了基于SOA架构的供应链信息系统模型。首先分析了基于SOA架构的服务配置问题,研究了目标导向的服务建模方法、服务注册信息结构、应用布尔可达矩阵检验业务流程和服务中的活动一致性、提出了服务列表-服务池的2级服务分配模式,并应用模糊聚类方法建立服务池。然后,通过应用基于本体的元数据模型来解决异构数据源的信息表示和语义理解与扩展。
(6)认为供应链信息系统的创新柔性,主要体现为对供应链主动改变环境的支持能力。本章重点分析了供应链创新的关键因素。通过对几种创新模式的比较分析,指出供应链信息系统创新的关键内容是供应链知识的创新,关键手段是供应链成员的协作知识创新。并提出了成员协作知识创新的方法,论述了供应链信息系统对协作知识创新的支持。
(7)建立了供应链信息系统的分类柔性测度的框架,并采用问卷调查的方法,对初步提出的测度指标体系进行了修正。利用AHP-Fuzzy方法,探讨了供应链信息系统柔性的测度问题。
Since 20th Century 1990s, the supply chain flexibility problem has been a important field that supply chain management studied. The traditional supply chain flexibility study is confined to the supply chain function flexibility , such as purchase flexibility, product flexibility, supply flexibility, requirement flexibility, and so on. With the global economy integration course being accelerated , IT technology, especially Internet technology is developed in a high speed. supply chain information system is the most important tool and technology to manage information in supply chain inside and outside. Now SCIS(Supply chain information system) flexibility has been involved in supply chain flexibility gradually, because, SCIS flexibility is important to promote the supply chain cooperator and to reinforce the ability to share and delivery supply chain information between collaborate member in Supply chain.
In this paper , qualities analysis ,theory study, investigative Statistic method were digested, supply chain management theory, uncertainty information management ,flexibility server deploy, supply chain knowledge innovation theory were comprehensive used. SCIS was systematically studied according to the logic process of analyzing flexibility drive factor and flexibility requirement. The purpose of this paper is present technique support and decision reference for SCIS management. The main part of this paper is as follows .
(1) SCIS flexibility was developed at the way of analyzing supply flexibility. It was presented that SCIS is the main part of supply flexibility study. Study on SCIS includes uncertainty information management, flexibility deploy SCIS according to requirement, initiative effect of supply chain system to outside environment and so on. In this part, study precondition was described in detail. It was presented that this paper would be developed at the process of buttery flexibility, adaptve flexibility ,and innovative flexibility according to "flexibility three phase theory " which presented by slacks .
(2)The purpose of this paper was confirmed according to analyzing the limitation in current study and detailed study on correlative specialty literature of supply chain flexibility , SCIS flexibility, uncertainty information management. The Limitation of current study is lacking technique characteristic study on SCIS . Uncertainty information management, system flexibility deploy, anti effect to environment from system were presented as the primary question in this paper.
(3) Correlative flexibility characteristic of SCIS was analyzed . included the environment of SCIS, system complexity, system business process, data model and so on. And the study object was presented.
(4)In this part, Buttery flexibility is the primary part. Driver factory and flexibility requirement were analyzed in detail. It was presented that the primary question of buttery flexibility is dealing with uncertainty information in supply chain. There were two type of uncertainty information were presented. One is produced in transmit process, the other is produced for the case of supply chain member . To the first one, we can estimate correct value with arithmetic of fuzzy estimate value. To the second one, information synergy model was advanced.
(5) In this part, adaptive flexibility of SCIS was advanced. It was believed that the central behave of adaptive flexibility of SCIS is deploying system agilely according to the requirement. SOA SCIS was presented in this part. At the first, server deploy was analyzed, and the object oriented measure of constructing server, server enrollment, server enrollment configuration , method of verify atomic action consistency between business domain and server with Boolean accessible matrix were advanced. And a two class server distribution method of server pool was presented and the server pool was constructed by fuzzy cluster method. At the last, Meta data based on ontology was advanced to solve information descriptions and extensible semantic comprehensive.
(6) In this part, SCIS innovation flexibility was made as initiative effect to environment. The central part is analyzing central factory of supply chain innovation. It was presented that the central part of innovation is supply chain knowledge innovation, central measure of innovation is supply chain member collaboration knowledge innovation. And the support of SCIS to supply chain innovation was advanced.
(7)A elementary SCIS measurement index system was developed .firstly, then , the modified measurement index system was presented on the base of analyzing data which was required from . AHP-Fuzzy was used to make every share of measurement index for the purpose of measuring SCIS flexibility.
论文将定性分析、理论研究、调查统计分析等研究方法综合运用,将供应链管理理论,不确定性信息处理,柔性化服务配置,供应链知识创新等理论和方法相融合,按照分析柔性驱动因素和柔性需求、提高系统柔性这一逻辑过程,对供应链信息系统的柔性进行了系统化研究。以期为建立柔性化的供应链信息系统提供技术支持与决策参考。下面简要介绍本文的主要研究内容:
(1)通过对供应链柔性的分析,引出供应链信息系统柔性问题,指出供应链信息系统柔性是供应链柔性研究的重要组成部分。其主要表现在于对不确定性信息的处理、根据供应链成员的需要灵活配置系统结构、支持供应链系统对环境的主动作用等方面。并对本文的研究假设和研究思路与方法进行详细的介绍。指出本文将根据slacks的柔性三阶段理论,按照系统对环境变化的反应程度,从缓冲、适应、创新等角度研究供应链信息系统的柔性问题。
(2)通过对供应链柔性、供应链信息系统柔性、不确定性信息处理等与本文研究相关专业文献的阅读,分析了当前研究中存在的不足,并指明了本文的研究方向。认为不足之处在于现有文献主要偏重管理手段和社会属性因素同供应链系统柔性的关系研究,而对于系统的技术属性,如:不确定性信息处理、业务流程和数据的柔性化配置等方面研究不够深入。将本文的研究方向定为供应链信息系统对不确定性信息的处理,系统的柔性化配置,系统对环境的反作用等问题。
(3)对供应链信息系统中与柔性相关的特性进行了分析。包括供应链信息系统所处的环境、系统的复杂性、系统的数据模型和业务模型。并对本文的研究对象进行了界定。
(4)主要研究供应链信息系统的缓冲柔性。分析了缓冲柔性的驱动因素和柔性需求。认为缓冲柔性主要体现为系统对不确定性信息的处理。将供应链信息系统所处理的不确定性信息分为两种类型:一种是在传输过程中产生的不确定性信息,一种是由于供应链运作原因产生的不确定性信息。针对前者,选用基于三角函数的模糊估值方法对接收到的不确定性信息模糊估值。对于后者,提出了个体信息和公有信息综合协调控制的信息协同点模型,解决运作过程中产生不确定信息的问题。
(5)研究供应链信息系统的适应柔性,认为系统的适应柔性主要表现在通过灵活配置系统服务来适应系统的改变需求。本文提出了基于SOA架构的供应链信息系统模型。首先分析了基于SOA架构的服务配置问题,研究了目标导向的服务建模方法、服务注册信息结构、应用布尔可达矩阵检验业务流程和服务中的活动一致性、提出了服务列表-服务池的2级服务分配模式,并应用模糊聚类方法建立服务池。然后,通过应用基于本体的元数据模型来解决异构数据源的信息表示和语义理解与扩展。
(6)认为供应链信息系统的创新柔性,主要体现为对供应链主动改变环境的支持能力。本章重点分析了供应链创新的关键因素。通过对几种创新模式的比较分析,指出供应链信息系统创新的关键内容是供应链知识的创新,关键手段是供应链成员的协作知识创新。并提出了成员协作知识创新的方法,论述了供应链信息系统对协作知识创新的支持。
(7)建立了供应链信息系统的分类柔性测度的框架,并采用问卷调查的方法,对初步提出的测度指标体系进行了修正。利用AHP-Fuzzy方法,探讨了供应链信息系统柔性的测度问题。
Since 20th Century 1990s, the supply chain flexibility problem has been a important field that supply chain management studied. The traditional supply chain flexibility study is confined to the supply chain function flexibility , such as purchase flexibility, product flexibility, supply flexibility, requirement flexibility, and so on. With the global economy integration course being accelerated , IT technology, especially Internet technology is developed in a high speed. supply chain information system is the most important tool and technology to manage information in supply chain inside and outside. Now SCIS(Supply chain information system) flexibility has been involved in supply chain flexibility gradually, because, SCIS flexibility is important to promote the supply chain cooperator and to reinforce the ability to share and delivery supply chain information between collaborate member in Supply chain.
In this paper , qualities analysis ,theory study, investigative Statistic method were digested, supply chain management theory, uncertainty information management ,flexibility server deploy, supply chain knowledge innovation theory were comprehensive used. SCIS was systematically studied according to the logic process of analyzing flexibility drive factor and flexibility requirement. The purpose of this paper is present technique support and decision reference for SCIS management. The main part of this paper is as follows .
(1) SCIS flexibility was developed at the way of analyzing supply flexibility. It was presented that SCIS is the main part of supply flexibility study. Study on SCIS includes uncertainty information management, flexibility deploy SCIS according to requirement, initiative effect of supply chain system to outside environment and so on. In this part, study precondition was described in detail. It was presented that this paper would be developed at the process of buttery flexibility, adaptve flexibility ,and innovative flexibility according to "flexibility three phase theory " which presented by slacks .
(2)The purpose of this paper was confirmed according to analyzing the limitation in current study and detailed study on correlative specialty literature of supply chain flexibility , SCIS flexibility, uncertainty information management. The Limitation of current study is lacking technique characteristic study on SCIS . Uncertainty information management, system flexibility deploy, anti effect to environment from system were presented as the primary question in this paper.
(3) Correlative flexibility characteristic of SCIS was analyzed . included the environment of SCIS, system complexity, system business process, data model and so on. And the study object was presented.
(4)In this part, Buttery flexibility is the primary part. Driver factory and flexibility requirement were analyzed in detail. It was presented that the primary question of buttery flexibility is dealing with uncertainty information in supply chain. There were two type of uncertainty information were presented. One is produced in transmit process, the other is produced for the case of supply chain member . To the first one, we can estimate correct value with arithmetic of fuzzy estimate value. To the second one, information synergy model was advanced.
(5) In this part, adaptive flexibility of SCIS was advanced. It was believed that the central behave of adaptive flexibility of SCIS is deploying system agilely according to the requirement. SOA SCIS was presented in this part. At the first, server deploy was analyzed, and the object oriented measure of constructing server, server enrollment, server enrollment configuration , method of verify atomic action consistency between business domain and server with Boolean accessible matrix were advanced. And a two class server distribution method of server pool was presented and the server pool was constructed by fuzzy cluster method. At the last, Meta data based on ontology was advanced to solve information descriptions and extensible semantic comprehensive.
(6) In this part, SCIS innovation flexibility was made as initiative effect to environment. The central part is analyzing central factory of supply chain innovation. It was presented that the central part of innovation is supply chain knowledge innovation, central measure of innovation is supply chain member collaboration knowledge innovation. And the support of SCIS to supply chain innovation was advanced.
(7)A elementary SCIS measurement index system was developed .firstly, then , the modified measurement index system was presented on the base of analyzing data which was required from . AHP-Fuzzy was used to make every share of measurement index for the purpose of measuring SCIS flexibility.
引文
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