基于乘车安全的儿童车用连体背心设计与研究
摘要
随着社会的发展和人民生活水平的提高,私家车的数量呈现出迅猛的增长趋势,然而由此引发的交通安全隐患也日益突出,严重威胁着人们的生命安全,特别是儿童这一弱势群体的安全,提高儿童安全性受到越来越多的重视。近年来功能性服装设计已经成为社会关注的热点,它是服装行业与航天、电子、医疗等行业相结合的产物,已经取得累累硕果,因此功能性服装设计将成为解决儿童交通安全性问题的一种安全而又有效的途径。
本论文从功能性服装的角度出发,将服装专业知识与汽车专业知识相结合,根据人体工效学原理对功能性童装的设计进行了研究,从材料和结构上提高其安全性,提出一种新型儿童安全乘车装置——儿童车用连体背心,本文依据安全性、舒适性、功能性、美观性等设计要点,从儿童背心和汽车座垫两个方面进行了儿童车用连体背心的整体设计。根据儿童体型特征和儿童合体型服装设计要求,对儿童背心、腿部的加固带、围度和肩部可调节性进行设计,包括款式图的绘制、结构图的绘制、面料的选择;根据儿童的心理和生理特征,对汽车座垫和安全带织带的缝制进行设计,包括面料的选择、款式设计和功能结构;然后从造型的塑造、色彩的搭配和图案的选取等方面对儿童车用连体背心的整体美观性进行了设计,从而使其不仅从美观性、舒适性和安全性的角度满足了童装的要求,而且具有经济性和功能性,从而能够有效地保护儿童的生命安全,得到较好的应用。随后设计出儿童背心和汽车座垫的工序流程和工艺流程,从缝制顺序、缝制方法、线迹要求、缝型要求、熨烫形式以及技术标准等多个方面确定缝制工艺,最终完成成品的工艺制作。最后利用多刚体动力学软件MADYMO6.2.1建立儿童车用连体背心仿真模型,利用儿童假人模型分别进行正面碰撞和侧面碰撞仿真模拟实验,通过对儿童假人动力学响应数据进行分析,得出假人各部位的损伤值并将其与法规值相比较,结果均小于法规值,证明该设计在碰撞过程中对儿童生命安全具有较好的保护作用。
儿童车用连体背心的设计进行了设计理念的创新,充分借鉴了多种儿童乘员约束系统的长处,具有安装简便、使用时间长、适用范围广、舒适环保等特点,它不仅对儿童乘员安全性研究领域具有一定的学术价值,而且顺应国家促进汽车行业和纺织业发展的政策,进一步扩大服装的应用领域,促进服装知识的运用,提升服装学科的应用价值,推动服装业的发展。
The number of private cars is rapidly growing along with social progress and improving of people's living standards. However, the traffic safety problems are also increasingly. It threats to people's lives seriously especially to the children who are vulnerable groups, therefore increasing the safety of children is drown more and more attention. In recent years, functional clothing design has become the focus of social concern. It is product of the combination among the garment industry and aerospace, electronic, medical. Now it has made significant gains. Functional clothing design will be a safety and effective way to solve the traffic safety problem of children.
The subject improves a new device to protect children in the car that combine clothing knowledge with automotive expertise from the point of functional clothing. the children's car Siamese vest was designed from child vest and car seat according to safety, comfort, functionality, aesthetics and other design elements .Children vest, Leg fixed band, adjustable of circumference, and shoulder were designed according to shape characteristics of children and children's ( ) clothing design requirements. It includes the picture of style and structure and the choice of fabric. Car seat and seat belt straps sewn were designed according to child psychological and physiological characteristics including fabric selection, style design and functional structure. Then children's car Siamese vest overall aesthetics was designed from shape, color combinations, patterns selection. It not only meets children’s clothing requirements from the view of beauty, comfort and safety, but also has economic and functional. Therefore it effectively protects the lives of children, get s better application.It also needs to design the chart of process analysis and the chart of technology flow. Sewing techniques was determined should from the sewing order, sewing methods, trace requirements, seam type requirements, forms and ironing and other aspects of technical standards. At last the final production was finished. At last it made analysis of simulation experiments use the multi-body dynamics simulation software MADYMO6.2.1 to make simulate the collision of car with child dummy dressed in it and Simulate frontal impact and side impact. Then child dummy’s simulation injury parameters are obtained and compared with the regulation values, and have the conclusion finally that the design play an important protective role to protect children in the can when it happens automotive collision.
The design fully draws on other strong point of car child safety device. It is easy to install, use a wide range, safety, comfort, and environment protection and so on. It is not only has a certain academic value for the safety of children in the car, but also meets with policy development of the auto industry and textile industry. Further it can expand the application areas of clothing, enhance the application of clothing f knowledge and upgrade application value of clothing subject and promote the clothing industry.
本论文从功能性服装的角度出发,将服装专业知识与汽车专业知识相结合,根据人体工效学原理对功能性童装的设计进行了研究,从材料和结构上提高其安全性,提出一种新型儿童安全乘车装置——儿童车用连体背心,本文依据安全性、舒适性、功能性、美观性等设计要点,从儿童背心和汽车座垫两个方面进行了儿童车用连体背心的整体设计。根据儿童体型特征和儿童合体型服装设计要求,对儿童背心、腿部的加固带、围度和肩部可调节性进行设计,包括款式图的绘制、结构图的绘制、面料的选择;根据儿童的心理和生理特征,对汽车座垫和安全带织带的缝制进行设计,包括面料的选择、款式设计和功能结构;然后从造型的塑造、色彩的搭配和图案的选取等方面对儿童车用连体背心的整体美观性进行了设计,从而使其不仅从美观性、舒适性和安全性的角度满足了童装的要求,而且具有经济性和功能性,从而能够有效地保护儿童的生命安全,得到较好的应用。随后设计出儿童背心和汽车座垫的工序流程和工艺流程,从缝制顺序、缝制方法、线迹要求、缝型要求、熨烫形式以及技术标准等多个方面确定缝制工艺,最终完成成品的工艺制作。最后利用多刚体动力学软件MADYMO6.2.1建立儿童车用连体背心仿真模型,利用儿童假人模型分别进行正面碰撞和侧面碰撞仿真模拟实验,通过对儿童假人动力学响应数据进行分析,得出假人各部位的损伤值并将其与法规值相比较,结果均小于法规值,证明该设计在碰撞过程中对儿童生命安全具有较好的保护作用。
儿童车用连体背心的设计进行了设计理念的创新,充分借鉴了多种儿童乘员约束系统的长处,具有安装简便、使用时间长、适用范围广、舒适环保等特点,它不仅对儿童乘员安全性研究领域具有一定的学术价值,而且顺应国家促进汽车行业和纺织业发展的政策,进一步扩大服装的应用领域,促进服装知识的运用,提升服装学科的应用价值,推动服装业的发展。
The number of private cars is rapidly growing along with social progress and improving of people's living standards. However, the traffic safety problems are also increasingly. It threats to people's lives seriously especially to the children who are vulnerable groups, therefore increasing the safety of children is drown more and more attention. In recent years, functional clothing design has become the focus of social concern. It is product of the combination among the garment industry and aerospace, electronic, medical. Now it has made significant gains. Functional clothing design will be a safety and effective way to solve the traffic safety problem of children.
The subject improves a new device to protect children in the car that combine clothing knowledge with automotive expertise from the point of functional clothing. the children's car Siamese vest was designed from child vest and car seat according to safety, comfort, functionality, aesthetics and other design elements .Children vest, Leg fixed band, adjustable of circumference, and shoulder were designed according to shape characteristics of children and children's ( ) clothing design requirements. It includes the picture of style and structure and the choice of fabric. Car seat and seat belt straps sewn were designed according to child psychological and physiological characteristics including fabric selection, style design and functional structure. Then children's car Siamese vest overall aesthetics was designed from shape, color combinations, patterns selection. It not only meets children’s clothing requirements from the view of beauty, comfort and safety, but also has economic and functional. Therefore it effectively protects the lives of children, get s better application.It also needs to design the chart of process analysis and the chart of technology flow. Sewing techniques was determined should from the sewing order, sewing methods, trace requirements, seam type requirements, forms and ironing and other aspects of technical standards. At last the final production was finished. At last it made analysis of simulation experiments use the multi-body dynamics simulation software MADYMO6.2.1 to make simulate the collision of car with child dummy dressed in it and Simulate frontal impact and side impact. Then child dummy’s simulation injury parameters are obtained and compared with the regulation values, and have the conclusion finally that the design play an important protective role to protect children in the can when it happens automotive collision.
The design fully draws on other strong point of car child safety device. It is easy to install, use a wide range, safety, comfort, and environment protection and so on. It is not only has a certain academic value for the safety of children in the car, but also meets with policy development of the auto industry and textile industry. Further it can expand the application areas of clothing, enhance the application of clothing f knowledge and upgrade application value of clothing subject and promote the clothing industry.
引文
1.尚婷,唐伯明,刘唐志.我国儿童安全座椅使用现状及对策研究[J].交通信息与安全, 2010, 28(5): 69-72
2.鲁守卫,岳鹏翔.汽车儿童约束系统综述[J].道路交通与安全. 2007, (6): 46-48
3.黄宁军,张明君.汽车安全带安全气囊的新发展[J].汽车科技, 2001, (3): 17-19
4.霍庆泽.汽车儿童安全座椅的发展历史[J].世界汽车, 2008, (9): 28-29
5. Grant R H, Brutel G. The Investigation of Accidents Involving Restrained Children as Part of the CREST Project (Child Restraint Systemfor Cars). International IRCOBI, September 1998, 73-87
6. Francoise CASSAN-Philippe LESIRE. Results of the EU“CREST”Program and Aims of the New EU Project“CHILD”. Protection of Children in Cars-Cologne, July 2003. 12-14
7. Kate de Jager, Francoise Cassan. The Latest Development in Child Safety. APSN Conference, December, 2004, 25-28
8.欧阳骅.服装卫生学[M].北京:人民军医出版社, 1985. 56-58
9. Fancois Boucher. A history of costume in the west. London: Tharnes & Hudson Ltd, 1987. 78-82
10. Elizabeth Ewing. History of twentieth century. London: B T Batsford, 1986. 65-67
11.李当岐.西洋服装史[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 1998. 1-4
12.华梅.中国服装史[M].天津:天津人民美术出版社, 1989. 12-14
13.张渭源.服装舒适性与功能[M].北京:中国纺织出版社, 2005. 12-18
14.张文斌,方方.服装人体工效学[M].上海:东华大学出版社, 2008
15.徐蓼芜,於琳.服装工效学[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社, 2008
16.华梅.服装美学[M].北京:中国纺织出版社, 2003. 51-59
17.李光耀.汽车内饰件设计与制造工艺[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2009. 98
18.姜怀,林兰天,戴瑾瑾等.汽车用纺织品的开发与应用[M].上海:东华大学出版社, 2009
19.姜怀.西洋服装史常用/特殊服装功能构成、评价与展望(上)[M].上海:东华大学出版社, 2006. 334-335
20.张文斌.服装工艺学:结构设计分册第二版[M].北京:中国纺织出版社, 1993
21.杨拯,吴清基,胡盼盼,刘兆峰.芳纶1414纺丝过程中聚合体的相对分子质量变化及其控制[J].合成纤维, 2010, (39): 14-17
22.毛成栋.新型服装面料发展浅议[J].棉纺织技术, 2003, 31(2): 77-79
23.(苏)B.C.穆欣娜,心理学[M].北京:人民教育出版社, 1990. 95
24.刘芳.析儿童服装对儿童心理的影响[J].南通纺织职业技术学院学报, 2005, 5(3): 47-48
25.孙兆全,赵欲晓.服装工艺[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 2002. 15-17
26.高勤,孙熊.服装工艺基础[M].重庆:轻工业出版社, 1986. 5
27.带龙泉.最新合体服装工艺[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社, 1998. 35
28.张紫艳.欧盟儿童服装安全规范ENl4682: 2007解读和应对[J].中国电子商务, 2010, (8): 280
29.王蔚青.提高机械安全性的儿童服装设计和生产实施规范[J].上海纺织科技, 2009, (37): 45-51
30. MADYMO VersionInstitute 6.2.1. Theory Manual. TNO Road-vehicles Research Institute, 2002
31. MADYMO Version 6.2.1. Database Manual. TNO Road-vehicles Research Institute, 2004
32. MADYMO User's Manual 3D. TNO Road-vehicles Research Institute, 2002
33. MADYMO Version6.2.1. Applicaton Manual. TNO Road-vehicles Research Institute, 2004
34. MADYMO VersionInstitute 6.2.1. Theory Manual. TNO Road-vehicles Research Institute, 2004
35.任伟力,李晓萌,高卫民. MADYMO软件在汽车安全性分析中的应用[J].上海汽车. 1999, (5): 18-21
36.侧面碰撞系统集成开发方法一BASIS+台车试验与MADYMO PSM模拟计算. In: Proc of MADYMO China User's Meeting, Shanghai China, November 30th, 2005: 09
37. MADYMO R6.2.1Application, Side Impact Application, Versionl.0. TNO Automotive China, 2005
38. Kathleen DeSantis Klinich TRC, Roger A Saul, NRD-20, et al. Techniques for developing child dummy protection reference values. Event report, 1996, 1-3
39. Gennarelli T. Mechanisms of brain injury. Emergency Medicine, 1993, (11): 5-11
40. Heiko Johannsen, Geoffrey Barley, Shaun Carine, Peter Claeson. Review of the Development of the ISO Side Impact Test Procedure for Child Restraint Systems. Proc of 20th Int.ESV Conf. Lyon, France, 2007. 07-0241
2.鲁守卫,岳鹏翔.汽车儿童约束系统综述[J].道路交通与安全. 2007, (6): 46-48
3.黄宁军,张明君.汽车安全带安全气囊的新发展[J].汽车科技, 2001, (3): 17-19
4.霍庆泽.汽车儿童安全座椅的发展历史[J].世界汽车, 2008, (9): 28-29
5. Grant R H, Brutel G. The Investigation of Accidents Involving Restrained Children as Part of the CREST Project (Child Restraint Systemfor Cars). International IRCOBI, September 1998, 73-87
6. Francoise CASSAN-Philippe LESIRE. Results of the EU“CREST”Program and Aims of the New EU Project“CHILD”. Protection of Children in Cars-Cologne, July 2003. 12-14
7. Kate de Jager, Francoise Cassan. The Latest Development in Child Safety. APSN Conference, December, 2004, 25-28
8.欧阳骅.服装卫生学[M].北京:人民军医出版社, 1985. 56-58
9. Fancois Boucher. A history of costume in the west. London: Tharnes & Hudson Ltd, 1987. 78-82
10. Elizabeth Ewing. History of twentieth century. London: B T Batsford, 1986. 65-67
11.李当岐.西洋服装史[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 1998. 1-4
12.华梅.中国服装史[M].天津:天津人民美术出版社, 1989. 12-14
13.张渭源.服装舒适性与功能[M].北京:中国纺织出版社, 2005. 12-18
14.张文斌,方方.服装人体工效学[M].上海:东华大学出版社, 2008
15.徐蓼芜,於琳.服装工效学[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社, 2008
16.华梅.服装美学[M].北京:中国纺织出版社, 2003. 51-59
17.李光耀.汽车内饰件设计与制造工艺[M].北京:机械工业出版社, 2009. 98
18.姜怀,林兰天,戴瑾瑾等.汽车用纺织品的开发与应用[M].上海:东华大学出版社, 2009
19.姜怀.西洋服装史常用/特殊服装功能构成、评价与展望(上)[M].上海:东华大学出版社, 2006. 334-335
20.张文斌.服装工艺学:结构设计分册第二版[M].北京:中国纺织出版社, 1993
21.杨拯,吴清基,胡盼盼,刘兆峰.芳纶1414纺丝过程中聚合体的相对分子质量变化及其控制[J].合成纤维, 2010, (39): 14-17
22.毛成栋.新型服装面料发展浅议[J].棉纺织技术, 2003, 31(2): 77-79
23.(苏)B.C.穆欣娜,心理学[M].北京:人民教育出版社, 1990. 95
24.刘芳.析儿童服装对儿童心理的影响[J].南通纺织职业技术学院学报, 2005, 5(3): 47-48
25.孙兆全,赵欲晓.服装工艺[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 2002. 15-17
26.高勤,孙熊.服装工艺基础[M].重庆:轻工业出版社, 1986. 5
27.带龙泉.最新合体服装工艺[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社, 1998. 35
28.张紫艳.欧盟儿童服装安全规范ENl4682: 2007解读和应对[J].中国电子商务, 2010, (8): 280
29.王蔚青.提高机械安全性的儿童服装设计和生产实施规范[J].上海纺织科技, 2009, (37): 45-51
30. MADYMO VersionInstitute 6.2.1. Theory Manual. TNO Road-vehicles Research Institute, 2002
31. MADYMO Version 6.2.1. Database Manual. TNO Road-vehicles Research Institute, 2004
32. MADYMO User's Manual 3D. TNO Road-vehicles Research Institute, 2002
33. MADYMO Version6.2.1. Applicaton Manual. TNO Road-vehicles Research Institute, 2004
34. MADYMO VersionInstitute 6.2.1. Theory Manual. TNO Road-vehicles Research Institute, 2004
35.任伟力,李晓萌,高卫民. MADYMO软件在汽车安全性分析中的应用[J].上海汽车. 1999, (5): 18-21
36.侧面碰撞系统集成开发方法一BASIS+台车试验与MADYMO PSM模拟计算. In: Proc of MADYMO China User's Meeting, Shanghai China, November 30th, 2005: 09
37. MADYMO R6.2.1Application, Side Impact Application, Versionl.0. TNO Automotive China, 2005
38. Kathleen DeSantis Klinich TRC, Roger A Saul, NRD-20, et al. Techniques for developing child dummy protection reference values. Event report, 1996, 1-3
39. Gennarelli T. Mechanisms of brain injury. Emergency Medicine, 1993, (11): 5-11
40. Heiko Johannsen, Geoffrey Barley, Shaun Carine, Peter Claeson. Review of the Development of the ISO Side Impact Test Procedure for Child Restraint Systems. Proc of 20th Int.ESV Conf. Lyon, France, 2007. 07-0241