基于汽车尾气废热温差发电系统的车载电源能量管理系统研究
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摘要
随着我国社会的进步和发展,汽车变得越来越普及,2011年我国的汽车市场继续持续增长,全年汽车销量已经突破1850万辆。如何节省燃油的消耗以及降低污染和排放成为现在汽车行业发展的关键问题。温差发电技术是一种利用半导体材料实现热能和电能直接转换的绿色技术,而汽车尾气废热含有大量的热量,可以将其利用起来产生电能,从而提高了汽车的燃油利用率,实现了节能减排。
本文的研究是基于武汉理工大学的温差发电实验台架,介绍了汽车尾气废热温差发电系统的结构和原理以及新的车载电源系统的构成。建立了温差发电器的数学模型,以及温差发电器的输入输出特性。就如何提高温差发电器的发电量和发电效率,从热电模块和热电材料的性能、热电模块的几何尺寸、热电模块的拓扑结构和连接方式、热端和冷端的结构以及冷却方式和夹紧方式等方面进行了讨论和研究。
本文的重点是讨论基于汽车尾气温差发电系统的车载电源系统的能量管理和控制策略。本文对车载电源的子系统进行了建模,同时基于Advisor平台,构建了基于新型车载电源系统的整车仿真模型。在新的电源系统及其管理和控制模式下,结合不同的电气负载工况进行了仿真,研究了电源系统能量流的情况,并对仿真结果进行了比较和分析。仿真结果也证实了在新的电源系统及其管理和控制模式下,整车的燃油经济性确实得到了提高。
本文的另一个重点是车载电源系统各子模型的建立,特别是温差发电模型的建立及其优化。需要优化的参数很多,且每个参数的优化需要与不同学科进行交叉以及运用相应的仿真软件,如气箱和水箱结构的优化需要热力学的知识及CFD软件,夹紧方式的优化则需要力学知识及ANSYS软件,热电模块的拓扑结构和连接方式的优化则涉及到电工学。
With the development of society, the vehicle is becoming more and more popular. In2011China's automobile market continues to sustained growth. The annual car sales have exceeded18.5million. How to realize the energy-saving and emission-reduction has become a key problem of the automobile industry. The thermoelectric generation is a green technology, which can convert heat energy to electrical energy by using semiconductor materials. As the car tail gas contains a lot of heat, it can be used to create electricity. As a result, we improve the fuel efficiency of the car, realizing the energy saving and emission reduction.
This study is based on the thermoelectric generation test bench of wuhan university of technology, introducing the structure and theory of automobile exhaust waste heat thermoelectric generation system, as well as the structure of vehicle power source. And in this paper the mathematical model of thermoelectric generator is established, whose input/output characteristics are also contained. On how to improve the thermoelectric generator's power and efficiency, the related factors are discussed and researched, such as the performance of the thermoelectric module and thermoelectric materials, the geometry size of the thermoelectric module, the topology structure and connection of the thermoelectric module, the structure of the hot side and cold side, the cooling method, the clamping way and so on.
The focus of this paper is the research of energy management and control strategy of vehicle power supply system based on automobile exhaust waste heat thermoelectric generation. This paper build models of the subsystems of the vehicle power supply system, as well as the vehicle simulation model based on new vehicle power supply system based on the ADVISOR platform. Do the simulation of the new vehicle power supply system, selecting different electric loads. And then analyse the energy flow of the power supply system. Meanwhile the simulation results are compared and analysed. The simulation results confirm that the vehicle fuel economy is improved based on the new power supply system and the new control strategy.
Another emphasis of this paper is how to build the models of the subsystems of the vehicle power supply system, especially the thermoelectric generation system. To optimize the model of the thermoelectric generator is also very difficult, because there are many parameters to optimize. What's more, most of the parameters' optimizing ask for different discipline theory knowledge and the corresponding simulation software. For example, to optimize the structure of gas box and the water box requires the thermodynamics knowledge and the CFD software. To optimize the clamping way requires the mechanics knowledge and the ANSYS software. To optimize topology structure and connection of the thermoelectric module requires electrical knowledge.
本文的研究是基于武汉理工大学的温差发电实验台架,介绍了汽车尾气废热温差发电系统的结构和原理以及新的车载电源系统的构成。建立了温差发电器的数学模型,以及温差发电器的输入输出特性。就如何提高温差发电器的发电量和发电效率,从热电模块和热电材料的性能、热电模块的几何尺寸、热电模块的拓扑结构和连接方式、热端和冷端的结构以及冷却方式和夹紧方式等方面进行了讨论和研究。
本文的重点是讨论基于汽车尾气温差发电系统的车载电源系统的能量管理和控制策略。本文对车载电源的子系统进行了建模,同时基于Advisor平台,构建了基于新型车载电源系统的整车仿真模型。在新的电源系统及其管理和控制模式下,结合不同的电气负载工况进行了仿真,研究了电源系统能量流的情况,并对仿真结果进行了比较和分析。仿真结果也证实了在新的电源系统及其管理和控制模式下,整车的燃油经济性确实得到了提高。
本文的另一个重点是车载电源系统各子模型的建立,特别是温差发电模型的建立及其优化。需要优化的参数很多,且每个参数的优化需要与不同学科进行交叉以及运用相应的仿真软件,如气箱和水箱结构的优化需要热力学的知识及CFD软件,夹紧方式的优化则需要力学知识及ANSYS软件,热电模块的拓扑结构和连接方式的优化则涉及到电工学。
With the development of society, the vehicle is becoming more and more popular. In2011China's automobile market continues to sustained growth. The annual car sales have exceeded18.5million. How to realize the energy-saving and emission-reduction has become a key problem of the automobile industry. The thermoelectric generation is a green technology, which can convert heat energy to electrical energy by using semiconductor materials. As the car tail gas contains a lot of heat, it can be used to create electricity. As a result, we improve the fuel efficiency of the car, realizing the energy saving and emission reduction.
This study is based on the thermoelectric generation test bench of wuhan university of technology, introducing the structure and theory of automobile exhaust waste heat thermoelectric generation system, as well as the structure of vehicle power source. And in this paper the mathematical model of thermoelectric generator is established, whose input/output characteristics are also contained. On how to improve the thermoelectric generator's power and efficiency, the related factors are discussed and researched, such as the performance of the thermoelectric module and thermoelectric materials, the geometry size of the thermoelectric module, the topology structure and connection of the thermoelectric module, the structure of the hot side and cold side, the cooling method, the clamping way and so on.
The focus of this paper is the research of energy management and control strategy of vehicle power supply system based on automobile exhaust waste heat thermoelectric generation. This paper build models of the subsystems of the vehicle power supply system, as well as the vehicle simulation model based on new vehicle power supply system based on the ADVISOR platform. Do the simulation of the new vehicle power supply system, selecting different electric loads. And then analyse the energy flow of the power supply system. Meanwhile the simulation results are compared and analysed. The simulation results confirm that the vehicle fuel economy is improved based on the new power supply system and the new control strategy.
Another emphasis of this paper is how to build the models of the subsystems of the vehicle power supply system, especially the thermoelectric generation system. To optimize the model of the thermoelectric generator is also very difficult, because there are many parameters to optimize. What's more, most of the parameters' optimizing ask for different discipline theory knowledge and the corresponding simulation software. For example, to optimize the structure of gas box and the water box requires the thermodynamics knowledge and the CFD software. To optimize the clamping way requires the mechanics knowledge and the ANSYS software. To optimize topology structure and connection of the thermoelectric module requires electrical knowledge.
引文
[1]工业和信息化部http://www.miit.gov.cn/
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[4]Qi Zhang,Amen Agbossou,Zhihua Feng, Anne-Cecile Grillet."Phase Change Maaterial And The Thermoelectric Effect For Solar Energy Harvesting And Storage",Proceedings of the ASME/JSME 2011 8th Thermal Engineering Joint Conference,March 13-17, 2011, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
[5]T. Kajikawa,T. Onishi. "Development for Advanced Thermoelectric Conversion Systems", 2007 International Conference on Thermoelectrics
[6]Aleksander Kushch,Madhav karri,Brian Helenbrook,Clayton J.Richter. The Effects of An Exhaust Thermoelectric Generator of a GM Sierra Pic hup Truck.2004 DEER Conference August 29 to September 2,2004
[7]Matsubara.I,Funahashi.R,Shikano.M,etal.Cation.substituted(Ca2CoO3)x-CoO2 films and their thermoelectric properties[J].Appl Phys Lett,2002,24:4729-4731
[8]K. M. Saqr. M. K. Mansour,M. N. Musa. Thermal Design of Automobile Exhaust Based Thermoelectric Generators:Objectives and Challenges.International Journal of Automotive Technology,V01.9,No.2, PP.155-160(2008)
[9]周金金,张文丽.热电材料的现状及特点[J].河北理工大学学报(自然科学版),2009(05)
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[23]张腾.车用内置式温差发电系统研究[D].广州：华南理工大学,2010,6
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[36]D.T. CRANE,J.W. LAGRANDEUR,L.E. BELL.Performance Results of a High Power Density Thermoelectric Generator Beyond the Couple
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[38]Pierre Selva,Yves Gourinat,Joseph Morlier. A Matlab/Simulink Model of the Inner Ear Angular Accelerometers Sensors.Paper no. DETC2009-87166 pp.241-246
[39]Ivan Arsie,Alfonso Di Domenico,Cesare Pianese,Marco Sorrentino.A Multilevel Approach to the Energy Management of an Automotive Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell System J. Fuel Cell Sci. Technol. February 2010 Volume 7, Issue I,011004 (11 pages)
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[53]徐亚东,徐桂英等.新型热电材料的研究动态[J].材料导报,2007,2(11)
[2]刘艳春,曾令可.热电材料的研究现状与展望[J].陶瓷学报,2006,27(1)
[3]屈健,李茂,德乐伟.半导体温差发电器的工作性能优化[J].低温工程,2005(2)：20-23
[4]Qi Zhang,Amen Agbossou,Zhihua Feng, Anne-Cecile Grillet."Phase Change Maaterial And The Thermoelectric Effect For Solar Energy Harvesting And Storage",Proceedings of the ASME/JSME 2011 8th Thermal Engineering Joint Conference,March 13-17, 2011, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
[5]T. Kajikawa,T. Onishi. "Development for Advanced Thermoelectric Conversion Systems", 2007 International Conference on Thermoelectrics
[6]Aleksander Kushch,Madhav karri,Brian Helenbrook,Clayton J.Richter. The Effects of An Exhaust Thermoelectric Generator of a GM Sierra Pic hup Truck.2004 DEER Conference August 29 to September 2,2004
[7]Matsubara.I,Funahashi.R,Shikano.M,etal.Cation.substituted(Ca2CoO3)x-CoO2 films and their thermoelectric properties[J].Appl Phys Lett,2002,24:4729-4731
[8]K. M. Saqr. M. K. Mansour,M. N. Musa. Thermal Design of Automobile Exhaust Based Thermoelectric Generators:Objectives and Challenges.International Journal of Automotive Technology,V01.9,No.2, PP.155-160(2008)
[9]周金金,张文丽.热电材料的现状及特点[J].河北理工大学学报(自然科学版),2009(05)
[10]郑艺华,马永志.温差发电技术及其在节能领域的应用[J].技能技术,2006(03)
[11]贾磊,陈则韶,胡芄,孙炜.半导体温差发电器件的热力学分析[J].中国科学技术大学学报,2004(6)
[12]刘艳春,曾令可.热电材料的研究现状与展望[J].陶瓷学报,2006,27(1)
[13]郭殉,邓亚东,苏楚奇,范韬.汽车排气废热温差发电技术研究[C].2009节能减排及新能源汽车技术论坛论文集,120-124
[14]张征.温差发电技术及其在汽车发动机排气余热利用中的应用[J].能源技术,2004,25(3)：120-123
[15]陈浩.半导体热电堆发电性能的研究[D].西安：西安交通大学硕士学位论文,2001
[16]苏楚奇,窦传威.汽车42V电源及其驱动系统的应用分析[J].武汉大学学报(工学版),2006,39(2)
[17]贾磊,胡芫,陈则韶.温差发电的热力过程研究及材料的塞贝克系数测定[J].中国工程科学,2005,Vol.7 No.12：31-34
[18]祁俊荣,毛春升.基于Advisor的42V混合动力汽车动力系统建模与仿真[J].上海汽车,2006,(9)
[19]郑文波,王禹,吴知非等.温差发电器热电性能测试平台的搭建[J].实验技术与管理,2006,Vol.23 No.11：62-65
[20]程莺,冯能莲,李克强,连小珉ADVISOR混合动力电动汽车仿真系统的二次开发及应用[J].汽车工程,2004,26(3)
[21]www.hi-z.com
[22]范韬.基于汽车尾气温差发电和太阳能发电的新型车载电源系统[D].武汉：武汉理工大学,2010
[23]张腾.车用内置式温差发电系统研究[D].广州：华南理工大学,2010,6
[24]吴丽清,陈金灿,严子浚.半导体温差发电器的输出功率[J].厦门大学学报,1996,35(2)
[25]陈家瑞.汽车构造.人民交通出版社,2002.8
[26]余志生.汽车理论.机械工业出版社,2006.5
[27]刘振闻.汽车电器与电子技术.人民交通出版社,2000
[28]凌凯.基于汽车尾气废热温差发电的42V动力系统建模与仿真[D].武汉：武汉理工大学,2011
[29]郭殉.汽车排气废热温差发电系统与发动机消声器一体化设计研究[D].武汉：武汉理工大学,2011
[30]代宏伟.应用多元车载电源的轻度混合动力系统分析[D].武汉：武汉理工大学,2011
[31]孙野.基于MATLAB/SIMULINK的仿真应用研究[J].新课程(教育学术版),2009,(3)
[32]苟丽,龙英.基于MATLAB/SIMULINK的仿真应用研究[J].科学技术与工程,2005,(14)
[33]Mahav A Karri,Eric F Thancher,Brian T Helenbrook M S C.Thermoelectrical Energy Recovery from the Exhaust of a Light Truck[C].Newport,Rhode Island:2003
[34]K.Smith and M.Thomton.Feasibility of Thermoelectrics for Waste Heat Recovery in Hybrid Vehicles.International Electric Vehicle symposium(EVS-23).2007(12)
[35]K.M.SAQR, M.K.MANSOUR, M.N.MUSA. Thermal Design of Automobile Exhuast Based Thermoelectric Generators:Objectives and Challenges. International Journal of Automotive Technology.2008
[36]D.T. CRANE,J.W. LAGRANDEUR,L.E. BELL.Performance Results of a High Power Density Thermoelectric Generator Beyond the Couple
[37]Brian S. Fan, Amir Khajepour, Mehrdad Kazerani.Fuel Efficiency Comparison Between a Conventional and a Hybrid Vehicle Using a Model Based on MATLAB/Simulink and ADAMS. Paper no. DETC2008-50028 pp.855-863
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