农用车辆整车振动特性研究
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摘要
本文运用理论分析、试验研究和计算机模拟相结合的方法,对拖拉机变型运输机的振动特性进行系统的研究。选择ZY18CDF型拖拉机变型运输机为样车,用车辆振动理论对其振动特性进行分析研究;同时,建立了基于虚拟仪器的车辆振动随车测试系统,测试样车的前轴、后轴、车厢和座椅关键测点在不同路况、不同载荷及不同行驶速度下的振动加速度,并用1/3倍频程分析对比法和总加权加速度有效值法评价其乘坐舒适性;分析发动机振动、路况、载荷和行驶速度四个因素对车辆振动的影响,结果显示,四个工况因素对车辆振动都有不同程度的影响。在此基础上,用多刚体动力学分析软件Working Model 3D建立了样车的四自由度二分之一车体平面振动模型,该模型可以用来模拟研究车辆悬架参数和路面不平激励对其行驶平顺性的影响。对样车在未铺装的泥土路、满载和行驶速度为7.2km/h工况下各测点的振动加速度进行了模拟分析,模拟结果和相同工况下的试验测试结果基本一致,模型的有效性和可靠性得到了验证。最后,用经检验的车辆多刚体系统分析模型,模拟研究前后悬架的刚度和阻尼系数对车辆振动的影响,寻找对应工况的悬架特性参数最佳匹配,并比较研究了三种典型工况下的最优悬架参数与现有悬架参数所对应的车辆振动。结果表明,用最佳匹配的悬架参数可以较大幅度地改善车辆的振动状况,其优化结果可直接应用于指导车辆悬架系统的改进设计。
The theory analysis, experiment test and simulation by computer are utilized to research the vibration characteristics of transporters converted from tractors in this paper. The ZY18-CDF transporter converted from tractor is selected as prototype and analyzed with the theory of vehicle vibration; Meanwhile, under the different road, load, and velocity condition, the virtual instrument based on LabVIEW is utilized to test vibration acceleration on the front axle, rear shaft, vehicle-body and driver's seat. The 1/3 octave bands and total weighted average are exploited to estimate the ride comfort of the vehicle; The influence of engine's vibration, road condition, load and velocity on the vehicle's vibration characteristic is analyzed. The results show that four factors have different influences on the vehicle's vibration. Then a plane model of vehicle vibration with 4 freedoms is established by means of multi-body dynamic system software. Working Model 3D, which can be utilized to research the parameters of suspension and road roughness actuators influences on the ride comfort. The simulation results of four test spots' accelerations are analyzed under unpaved road, fully laden, 7.2 km/h condition. Simulation results are corresponded with test results, and the availability and reliability of the model are verified. Finally, we do research on the dynamic parameters of suspension influencing on vibration characteristics of vehicle by simulating, seek optimum parameters under different working conditions, and study the vehicle's vibration corresponded with optimum and present suspension parameters under three typical working conditions. The results show that the vehicle with optimum parameters has a fine ride comfort. And the studies can provide grounds for the optimize design of suspension system.
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