丝杠滚道型面误差动态非接触测量系统设计与分析
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摘要
本课题结合实际工程项目“丝杠滚道型面误差动态综合测量系统设计与开发”,针对现今国内滚珠丝杠滚道型面几何参数误差检测手段相对滞后的现状,设计开发适合我国国情的丝杠滚道型面几何参数误差检测试验台。
测量系统通过采集轮廓曲线上的数据点,实现对丝杠各个滚道型面的测量。这条轮廓线位于滚珠丝杠轴截面的顶部。系统采用的是非接触式测量方式,用光幕式传感器采集轮廓曲线的纵轴方向的位移,用高精度的海德汉光栅尺采集轮廓曲线的横轴方向的位移。测量系统的电机控制模块,选用运动控制器作为伺服系统控制器实现对主轴电机位置控制与进给电机的速度控制。
本文重点对滚道型面几何参数的计算方法进行研究。该算法先对采集的数据点进行数据划分,将其分割成螺纹滚道数据域和丝杠外径数据域,再分别对这两个数据域分别进行处理,得到系统要求的几何参数。
基于LabVIEW开发了集成测量系统操作软件,实现了参数设置、动态测量、数据处理、数据维护、系统功能测试等功能。利用LabVIEW优秀的图形显示功能,来描绘测量系统中各参数的测量曲线。其中的算法关键函数利用VC编制成DLL,在LabVIEW中调用,提高了运算速度。
该试验平台可以实现丝杠中径、丝杠外径、螺距、滚道跳动、滚道形状误差的测量。对测量系统的前期研究将为以后该系统的进一步完善和提高提供了具体的技术方案及检测手段。
Combining with the actual project "Design and develop the groove surface error of the ball screw integrated dynamic measuring system", the test-bed used for testing the geometry parameters error of the ball screw groove surface, suitable for our nation, is designed and developed in this paper as for the condition that present test means were backward in our country.
The system achieves the measurements of each groove surface of the ball screw by collecting the data points of contour curve. This contour curve is at the top of shaft cross-section of the ball screw. By the non-contact measurement method, it uses the screen sensors to gather the displacement in the vertical direction of the contour curve, and uses the high-precision HEEDENHAIN grating-foot to gather the displacement in the horizontal direction of the contour curve. In the motor control module of the measurement system chooses the motion controller as the servo system controller to achieve the control of the position of the spindle motor and the speed of the feed motor.
This paper mainly focuses on studying the calculation method of geometry parameters of the groove surface. In this method the colleting data points are divided first. They will be separated into their thread groove data domain and screw diameter data domain. Then these two domains data will be processed respectively, and in the end the geometric parameters that system requirements will be got.
Based on the software of LabVIEW, an integrated measurement system operating software is developed. It can achieve the functions of parameters setting, dynamic measurement, data processing, data maintenance, system testing and so on. It describes the measurement curves of each parameter from the measurement system by excellent graphics display functions of LabVIEW. Some key functions of the algorithm are compiled DLL with VC, and will called in LabVIEW. It helps to improve the computing speed.
The test platform can achieve the error measurement of nominal diameter, ball screw shaft outer diameter, lead, raceway run-out, groove shape. The preliminary studies of the measurement system can provide specific technical solutions and test means for its further improvement and enhancement in the future.
测量系统通过采集轮廓曲线上的数据点,实现对丝杠各个滚道型面的测量。这条轮廓线位于滚珠丝杠轴截面的顶部。系统采用的是非接触式测量方式,用光幕式传感器采集轮廓曲线的纵轴方向的位移,用高精度的海德汉光栅尺采集轮廓曲线的横轴方向的位移。测量系统的电机控制模块,选用运动控制器作为伺服系统控制器实现对主轴电机位置控制与进给电机的速度控制。
本文重点对滚道型面几何参数的计算方法进行研究。该算法先对采集的数据点进行数据划分,将其分割成螺纹滚道数据域和丝杠外径数据域,再分别对这两个数据域分别进行处理,得到系统要求的几何参数。
基于LabVIEW开发了集成测量系统操作软件,实现了参数设置、动态测量、数据处理、数据维护、系统功能测试等功能。利用LabVIEW优秀的图形显示功能,来描绘测量系统中各参数的测量曲线。其中的算法关键函数利用VC编制成DLL,在LabVIEW中调用,提高了运算速度。
该试验平台可以实现丝杠中径、丝杠外径、螺距、滚道跳动、滚道形状误差的测量。对测量系统的前期研究将为以后该系统的进一步完善和提高提供了具体的技术方案及检测手段。
Combining with the actual project "Design and develop the groove surface error of the ball screw integrated dynamic measuring system", the test-bed used for testing the geometry parameters error of the ball screw groove surface, suitable for our nation, is designed and developed in this paper as for the condition that present test means were backward in our country.
The system achieves the measurements of each groove surface of the ball screw by collecting the data points of contour curve. This contour curve is at the top of shaft cross-section of the ball screw. By the non-contact measurement method, it uses the screen sensors to gather the displacement in the vertical direction of the contour curve, and uses the high-precision HEEDENHAIN grating-foot to gather the displacement in the horizontal direction of the contour curve. In the motor control module of the measurement system chooses the motion controller as the servo system controller to achieve the control of the position of the spindle motor and the speed of the feed motor.
This paper mainly focuses on studying the calculation method of geometry parameters of the groove surface. In this method the colleting data points are divided first. They will be separated into their thread groove data domain and screw diameter data domain. Then these two domains data will be processed respectively, and in the end the geometric parameters that system requirements will be got.
Based on the software of LabVIEW, an integrated measurement system operating software is developed. It can achieve the functions of parameters setting, dynamic measurement, data processing, data maintenance, system testing and so on. It describes the measurement curves of each parameter from the measurement system by excellent graphics display functions of LabVIEW. Some key functions of the algorithm are compiled DLL with VC, and will called in LabVIEW. It helps to improve the computing speed.
The test platform can achieve the error measurement of nominal diameter, ball screw shaft outer diameter, lead, raceway run-out, groove shape. The preliminary studies of the measurement system can provide specific technical solutions and test means for its further improvement and enhancement in the future.
引文
[1]程光仁,施祖康,张超鹏.滚珠螺旋传动设计基础.第1版.北京:机械工业出版社,1987
[2]杨淑启,王志民.滚珠丝杠的使用与发展趋势.产品与技术.2005(7):65-66
[3]黄育全,喻忠志.我国滚珠丝杠副发展历程及未来趋势.现代零部件.2004(10):60
[4]宫口和男.Ball screws for high speed drive.NSK Technical Journal.2002(673):99-102
[5]Ninomiya M,Miyaguchi K.Recent technical trend in ball screws.Motion Control,NSKL td 1998(4):1-12
[6]黄祖尧.精密高速滚珠丝杠副的发展及其运用.制造技术与机床.2002(5):8-11
[7]黄祖尧.精密高速滚珠丝杠副的最新发展及其应用.航空制造技术..2003(4):36-40;
[8]肖正义.滚珠丝杠副的发展趋势.制造技术与机床.2004(4):11-13
[9]潘淑清.几何精度规范学.第1版.北京:北京理工大学出版社,2003;
[10]王志民,张西忠,厉勇.滚珠丝杠传动使用与发展.机电工程技术.2004年第33卷第9期:88-89
[11]中华人民共和国国家标准.滚珠丝杠副验收条件和验收检验GB/T17587.3—1998
[12]Harada Hiroyuki,Kagiwada Tadao.Method for ball screw generation without form-dressing(Development of dimensional measurement and shape analysis system for ball screw).Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers,Part C,v63,n6,Aug,1997,p2911-2917;
[13]Ishimatsu Jun,Kyusojin Akira,Isobe Hiromi,Hosokai Yutaka.Development of automatic measurement instrument for effective diameter of ball screw shaft (Development of automatic measurement instrument for effective diameter of ball screw shaft).Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering,v69,n7,July,2003,p992-996;
[14]肖正义.滚珠丝杠副结构与性能发展动态.功能部件.2001(9):100-102
[15]喻步贤,殷爱华,冯虎田,韩军.滚珠丝杠导程误差计算机辅助动态测量系统研制.机械制造42卷.2004(474):13-15
[16]焦杰,肖正义.滚珠丝杠副综合测试技术.MC传动与控制..2004(6):38-40
[17]张洪才.滚珠丝杠导程误差动态测试的分频比相法.计量与技术.2001(3):11-13
[18]于复生,宋现春,沈孝芹,张国雄.滚珠丝杠误差检测的速度自适应系统.制造技术与机床.2004(4):85-87
[19]赵训贵,平舜娣.滚珠丝杠螺纹滚道参数误差对接触角和变位导程及摩擦力矩的影响及其相互关系.磨床与磨削.1995(3):6-15
[20]刘庆民,王龙山,陈向伟,崔治.滚珠丝杠副内螺纹的图像测量.中国机械工程第16卷.2005(15):1328-1331
[21]代天臻.滚珠丝杠螺纹滚道牙形误差的测量.昆明机床厂.40-41
[22]梁晋文主编.几何量实用测试手册.第1版.北京:机械工业出版社,1985
[23]程丹.HJY-012五米激光滚珠丝杠(副)动态测量系统设计.南京:南京理工大学硕士学位论文,2005
[24]刘庆民,王龙山,陈向伟,李国发.滚珠螺母的机器视觉检测.吉林大学学报(工学版).2006(4):534-538;
[25]王志强.步进电机和交流伺服电机性能综合比较.天津职业院校联合学报.2006(5):14-17
[26]陈建国,张纯亮.电机与控制.第1版,西安:西北工业大学,2006
[27]基于PC的开放式多轴运动控制系统开发http://www.hqew.com/file/NewsHTML/200710/20071031102922655657.htm
[28]蒋志坚,常厚祥,梁雪凤.机器人装置中交流伺服电机控制技术的研究.控制系统.2002(11):17-19
[29]魏龙超,权贵秦,倪晋平等.小尺寸凹陷物体表面轮廓测量方法.西安工业学院学报.2006(2):120-122
[30]MICRO-EPSILON Co.,Ltd.optoCONTROL2600 Manual,2006
[31]HEIDENHAIN Co.,Ltd.IK220 User's Manual,2002
[32]雷振山.LabVIEW 7 Express实用技术教程.第1版.北京:中国铁道出版社,2004
[33]何安国,喻洪麟,朱传新,王远干.光栅莫尔条纹细分及辨向方法研究.光电工程.2007(10):45-49
[34]戴立安.光栅位移测量技术在精密线束加工中的应用.电子器件.2007(5):1604-1607
[35]邓焱,王磊等.LabVIEW7.1测试技术与仪器应用.第1版.北京:机械工业出版社,2004
[36]武仲科,焦海星,戴国忠.一种线段和圆弧的逼近方法及其在工程图纸矢量化中的应用.计算机辅助设计与图形学学报.1998(4):328-330
[37]雷家勇,达飞鹏,孟广猛,图像处理中圆心算法研究.计算机与现代化.2005(3):25-26
[38]田社平,张守愚,李定学,俞朴.平面圆圆心及半径的最小二乘拟合.实用测试技术.1995(5):23-25
[39]赵训贵.滚珠丝杠副“球心论”制造技术.机械制造42卷.2004(479):50-53
[40]黄燕,盛志冲.滚珠丝杆的静态测量及其数据处理.南京工业职业技术学院学报.2005f5):14-15;
[41]何东民.一种滚珠丝杠螺母中径测量仪的原理及误差分析.计量技术.1993(6):14-16:
[42]边珂珉,罗华,国蓉.滚动丝杆多种参数动态检测的研究.现代电子技术.2006(6):75-77
[43]徐孝恩.螺纹检验与测量.第1版.北京:计量出版社,1984;
[44]徐孝恩,刘瑞清,余志新.螺纹标准与检验手册.第1版.北京:计量出版社,1991
[45]Hiroyuki Harada,Tadao Kagiwada.Grinding of high-lead and gothic-arc profile ball-nuts with free quill-inclination.PRECISION ENGINEERING,2004(28),p143-151
[46]Liu Chen-Chung,Chert Wen-Yuan.Screw pitch precision measurement using simple linear regression and image analysis.Applied Mathematics and Computation(New York),v178,n2,Jul 15,2006,p390-404
[47]Gadelmawla E.S.A novel system for automatic measurement and inspection of parallel screw threads.Journal of Engineering Manufacture,v218,n5,May,2004,p545-556
[48]李文军,田瑞利,易利鹏.基于LabVIEW的数据采集与信号处理系统.现代电子技术.2005(20):10-12
[49]周红霞,张恒杰,张春芳.基于LabVIEW的虚拟仪器及串口通信的实现,石家庄职业技术学院学报.2007(4):17-19
[50]杨乐平,李海涛,赵勇,杨磊,安雪滢.LabVIEW高级程序设计.第1版.北京:清华大学出版社,2003
[51]尹仁平,刘刚,汪立新,乔云生.LabVIEW中的数据库访问.电子测量技术.2006(6):51-52
[52]王洪波,王枫,张彦斌,薛德庆,秘晓元.LabVIEW与Access据库访问接口研究.微计算机信息.2004(6):56-57
[2]杨淑启,王志民.滚珠丝杠的使用与发展趋势.产品与技术.2005(7):65-66
[3]黄育全,喻忠志.我国滚珠丝杠副发展历程及未来趋势.现代零部件.2004(10):60
[4]宫口和男.Ball screws for high speed drive.NSK Technical Journal.2002(673):99-102
[5]Ninomiya M,Miyaguchi K.Recent technical trend in ball screws.Motion Control,NSKL td 1998(4):1-12
[6]黄祖尧.精密高速滚珠丝杠副的发展及其运用.制造技术与机床.2002(5):8-11
[7]黄祖尧.精密高速滚珠丝杠副的最新发展及其应用.航空制造技术..2003(4):36-40;
[8]肖正义.滚珠丝杠副的发展趋势.制造技术与机床.2004(4):11-13
[9]潘淑清.几何精度规范学.第1版.北京:北京理工大学出版社,2003;
[10]王志民,张西忠,厉勇.滚珠丝杠传动使用与发展.机电工程技术.2004年第33卷第9期:88-89
[11]中华人民共和国国家标准.滚珠丝杠副验收条件和验收检验GB/T17587.3—1998
[12]Harada Hiroyuki,Kagiwada Tadao.Method for ball screw generation without form-dressing(Development of dimensional measurement and shape analysis system for ball screw).Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers,Part C,v63,n6,Aug,1997,p2911-2917;
[13]Ishimatsu Jun,Kyusojin Akira,Isobe Hiromi,Hosokai Yutaka.Development of automatic measurement instrument for effective diameter of ball screw shaft (Development of automatic measurement instrument for effective diameter of ball screw shaft).Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering,v69,n7,July,2003,p992-996;
[14]肖正义.滚珠丝杠副结构与性能发展动态.功能部件.2001(9):100-102
[15]喻步贤,殷爱华,冯虎田,韩军.滚珠丝杠导程误差计算机辅助动态测量系统研制.机械制造42卷.2004(474):13-15
[16]焦杰,肖正义.滚珠丝杠副综合测试技术.MC传动与控制..2004(6):38-40
[17]张洪才.滚珠丝杠导程误差动态测试的分频比相法.计量与技术.2001(3):11-13
[18]于复生,宋现春,沈孝芹,张国雄.滚珠丝杠误差检测的速度自适应系统.制造技术与机床.2004(4):85-87
[19]赵训贵,平舜娣.滚珠丝杠螺纹滚道参数误差对接触角和变位导程及摩擦力矩的影响及其相互关系.磨床与磨削.1995(3):6-15
[20]刘庆民,王龙山,陈向伟,崔治.滚珠丝杠副内螺纹的图像测量.中国机械工程第16卷.2005(15):1328-1331
[21]代天臻.滚珠丝杠螺纹滚道牙形误差的测量.昆明机床厂.40-41
[22]梁晋文主编.几何量实用测试手册.第1版.北京:机械工业出版社,1985
[23]程丹.HJY-012五米激光滚珠丝杠(副)动态测量系统设计.南京:南京理工大学硕士学位论文,2005
[24]刘庆民,王龙山,陈向伟,李国发.滚珠螺母的机器视觉检测.吉林大学学报(工学版).2006(4):534-538;
[25]王志强.步进电机和交流伺服电机性能综合比较.天津职业院校联合学报.2006(5):14-17
[26]陈建国,张纯亮.电机与控制.第1版,西安:西北工业大学,2006
[27]基于PC的开放式多轴运动控制系统开发http://www.hqew.com/file/NewsHTML/200710/20071031102922655657.htm
[28]蒋志坚,常厚祥,梁雪凤.机器人装置中交流伺服电机控制技术的研究.控制系统.2002(11):17-19
[29]魏龙超,权贵秦,倪晋平等.小尺寸凹陷物体表面轮廓测量方法.西安工业学院学报.2006(2):120-122
[30]MICRO-EPSILON Co.,Ltd.optoCONTROL2600 Manual,2006
[31]HEIDENHAIN Co.,Ltd.IK220 User's Manual,2002
[32]雷振山.LabVIEW 7 Express实用技术教程.第1版.北京:中国铁道出版社,2004
[33]何安国,喻洪麟,朱传新,王远干.光栅莫尔条纹细分及辨向方法研究.光电工程.2007(10):45-49
[34]戴立安.光栅位移测量技术在精密线束加工中的应用.电子器件.2007(5):1604-1607
[35]邓焱,王磊等.LabVIEW7.1测试技术与仪器应用.第1版.北京:机械工业出版社,2004
[36]武仲科,焦海星,戴国忠.一种线段和圆弧的逼近方法及其在工程图纸矢量化中的应用.计算机辅助设计与图形学学报.1998(4):328-330
[37]雷家勇,达飞鹏,孟广猛,图像处理中圆心算法研究.计算机与现代化.2005(3):25-26
[38]田社平,张守愚,李定学,俞朴.平面圆圆心及半径的最小二乘拟合.实用测试技术.1995(5):23-25
[39]赵训贵.滚珠丝杠副“球心论”制造技术.机械制造42卷.2004(479):50-53
[40]黄燕,盛志冲.滚珠丝杆的静态测量及其数据处理.南京工业职业技术学院学报.2005f5):14-15;
[41]何东民.一种滚珠丝杠螺母中径测量仪的原理及误差分析.计量技术.1993(6):14-16:
[42]边珂珉,罗华,国蓉.滚动丝杆多种参数动态检测的研究.现代电子技术.2006(6):75-77
[43]徐孝恩.螺纹检验与测量.第1版.北京:计量出版社,1984;
[44]徐孝恩,刘瑞清,余志新.螺纹标准与检验手册.第1版.北京:计量出版社,1991
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