海上溢油遥感图像智能边缘检测算法的研究
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摘要
海洋溢油污染是各种海洋污染中影响范围最广、危害时间最长、对生态环境
破坏最大的一种。针对目前的溢油污染状况,国家海洋局已有两架海监飞机用于
海上溢油污染监测,并且即将配备遥感监测设备-红外传感器和紫外传感器,但
是在溢油信息智能处理的软件方面仍存在空缺。本论文对红外或紫外遥感扫描图
像进行处理,根据处理后的信息,获取海上溢油情况。
图像的边缘检测是遥感图像处理的重要手段。溢油图像具有两个主要特点:
一个是溢油由于在风,浪,流的作用下,具有动态的特性,所以溢油图像没有固
定的形状;另一个是海水与溢油的对比度不大,溢油图像上油与水的边界不是很
清楚,具有一定的模糊性。针对这两个主要的特点,本论文对Pal.King边缘检测
算法进行一定的改进,提出了一种模糊增强理论与遗传算法相结合的新的智能溢
油遥感图像边缘检测算法。Pal.King算法通过提高图像边缘两侧的对比度,对模
糊边缘和细小边缘具有很好的检测能力,但是一方面它的模糊变换算法复杂,计
算量大;另一方面增强算法中固定的阀值对形状不固定的溢油图像检测效果不理
想。本论文提出的算子包含两部分:利用改进的模糊变换算子简化了Pal.King算
子中复杂的G和G~(-1)运算,提高了计算速度;另一方面采用二次寻优遗传算法根
据不同的溢油图像获取相应的模糊增强阀值,提高了图像处理的自适应性。
本论文最后给出了该算子和其他算子的溢油遥感图像边缘检测结果,通过对
比我们发现,该算子得到的溢油图像边缘比其他算子得到的边缘更加清晰和连贯,
根据该边缘检测信息,海上溢油能够更加容易和快速地被识别。
Edge detection is an important part of remote sensing image processing for the detection of oil-spills on the sea. To detect the oil-spills more effectively, in this paper the author makes some improvements to the Pal. King fuzzy edge detection algorithm and presents a new algorithm that combines fuzzy enhancement theory and Genetic Algorithms (GA) to get the edge of oil-spills image according to the two main characteristics of the oil-spills image-one is the shape of oil-spills is unfixed and the other is the edge between the oil and water is fuzzy.The Pal. King algorithm has a good capacity for the detection of fuzzy edge and thin edge through improving the contrast between the two sides of edge, but with complex and big calculation on the one hand and the fixed threshold value doesn't fit for the different kind of images processing on the other hand. The algorithm presented here is composed of two parts: improved fuzzy enhancement algorithm that simplifies the complex G and G-1 calculation in the Pal. King algorithm, twice-optimization GA that can get the threshold value in the enhancement algorithm precisely and quickly to the different kind of image processing.At last, the author gives both its image edge processing result and other algorithms'. Through comparison, we can see that the oil's edge is more legible and continuous than the other algorithms' and oil-spills on the sea is easier and faster to be identified.
破坏最大的一种。针对目前的溢油污染状况,国家海洋局已有两架海监飞机用于
海上溢油污染监测,并且即将配备遥感监测设备-红外传感器和紫外传感器,但
是在溢油信息智能处理的软件方面仍存在空缺。本论文对红外或紫外遥感扫描图
像进行处理,根据处理后的信息,获取海上溢油情况。
图像的边缘检测是遥感图像处理的重要手段。溢油图像具有两个主要特点:
一个是溢油由于在风,浪,流的作用下,具有动态的特性,所以溢油图像没有固
定的形状;另一个是海水与溢油的对比度不大,溢油图像上油与水的边界不是很
清楚,具有一定的模糊性。针对这两个主要的特点,本论文对Pal.King边缘检测
算法进行一定的改进,提出了一种模糊增强理论与遗传算法相结合的新的智能溢
油遥感图像边缘检测算法。Pal.King算法通过提高图像边缘两侧的对比度,对模
糊边缘和细小边缘具有很好的检测能力,但是一方面它的模糊变换算法复杂,计
算量大;另一方面增强算法中固定的阀值对形状不固定的溢油图像检测效果不理
想。本论文提出的算子包含两部分:利用改进的模糊变换算子简化了Pal.King算
子中复杂的G和G~(-1)运算,提高了计算速度;另一方面采用二次寻优遗传算法根
据不同的溢油图像获取相应的模糊增强阀值,提高了图像处理的自适应性。
本论文最后给出了该算子和其他算子的溢油遥感图像边缘检测结果,通过对
比我们发现,该算子得到的溢油图像边缘比其他算子得到的边缘更加清晰和连贯,
根据该边缘检测信息,海上溢油能够更加容易和快速地被识别。
Edge detection is an important part of remote sensing image processing for the detection of oil-spills on the sea. To detect the oil-spills more effectively, in this paper the author makes some improvements to the Pal. King fuzzy edge detection algorithm and presents a new algorithm that combines fuzzy enhancement theory and Genetic Algorithms (GA) to get the edge of oil-spills image according to the two main characteristics of the oil-spills image-one is the shape of oil-spills is unfixed and the other is the edge between the oil and water is fuzzy.The Pal. King algorithm has a good capacity for the detection of fuzzy edge and thin edge through improving the contrast between the two sides of edge, but with complex and big calculation on the one hand and the fixed threshold value doesn't fit for the different kind of images processing on the other hand. The algorithm presented here is composed of two parts: improved fuzzy enhancement algorithm that simplifies the complex G and G-1 calculation in the Pal. King algorithm, twice-optimization GA that can get the threshold value in the enhancement algorithm precisely and quickly to the different kind of image processing.At last, the author gives both its image edge processing result and other algorithms'. Through comparison, we can see that the oil's edge is more legible and continuous than the other algorithms' and oil-spills on the sea is easier and faster to be identified.
引文
[1] 夏文香 林海涛,海上溢油的污染控制技术,2004,青岛建筑工程学院学报,25卷,1期,56页
[2] 安居白 张永宁,发达国家海上溢油遥感监测现状分析,2002,交通环保,23卷,3期,27页
[3] 安居白,航空遥感探测海上溢油的技术,2002,交通环保,23卷,1期,24—26页
[4] 何斌 马天予,第二版,Visual C++数字图像处理,人民邮电出版社,394-395页
[5] 吴士达,图像边缘检测的模糊数学方法,成都气象学院学报,第10卷第3期,220-223页
[6] 白景峰 赵学增,基于模糊梯度的边缘检测方法,控制与决策,第16卷第3期,353页
[7] PAL, S. K., KING, R. A., On edge detection of X-ray images using fuzzy sets, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 1983, Vol. PAMI-5,No. 1, pp. 69-77
[8] ZADEH, L.A., Fuzzy logic and its applications, Academic Press, New York, 1965.
[9] BANKS, S., Signal Processing, Image Processing and Pattern Recognition, Prentice HallInternational, 1990.
[10] TIZHOOSH, H. R., FOCHEM, M., Image Enhancement with Fuzzy Histogram Hyperbolization, Proceedings of EUFIT'95, vol. 3, pp. 1695-1698
[11] PAL, S.K., KUNDU, M.K., Automatic selection of object enhancement operator with quantitative justification based on fuzzy set theoretic measures, Pattern Recognition Letters, vol. 11, pp. 811-829, 1990.
[12] 郑成勇,基于局部灰度特性分析的红外目标检测方法,红外与激光工程,第33卷第4期,362-363页
[13] 王小平 曹立明,遗传算法—理论、应用与软件实现,第一版,2002年,西安交通大学出版社,4-14页
[14] 王小平 曹立明,遗传算法—理论、应用与软件实现,第一版,2002年,西安交通大学出版社,240-241页
[15] ZIMMERMAN J B, PIZER S M, STAAB J, An Evaluation of the effectiveness of adaptive histogram equalisation for contrast enhancement IEEE Trans. Med, Imag, 1988,MI-7pp. 304-312
[16] LAI S LI X, BISCHOF W F, On techniques for detecting circumscribed masses in mammograms, IEEE Trans, Med. Imag, 1989, MI-8 377-386
[17] MILLER P, ASTLEY S, Automated detection of breast asymmetries, Internal Report Dept of Medical Biophysics University of Manchester, 1993.
[18] Jean-Marie Massin, Remote Sensing for the Control of Marine Pollution, Plenum Press, New York, 1984, p. 165
[19] Jean-Marie Massin, Remote Sensing for the Control of Marine Pollution, Plenum Press, New York, 1984, p.333
[20] Rafacel C. Gonzalez, Paul Wintz, Digital Image Processing, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, USA, 1987, p.340
[21] DHAWAN A P, BUELLONI G, GORDON R, Enhancement of mammographic features by optimal adaptive neighbourhood image processing IEEE Trans. Med. Imag. MI-5 8-15
[22] GORDON R, RANGAYAN R M, Feature enhancement of film mammograms using fixed and adaptive neighbourhoods, Applied Optics 1984,vol, 23 560-564
[23] KAUFMANN, A., Introduction to the Theory of Fuzzy Subsets-Fundamental Theoretical Elements, Academic Press, New York, 1975 vol. 1
[24] 徐冠华,遥感信息科学的进展和展望,1996年,地理学报,第九期,385—397
[25] 谢文君 陈君,海洋遥感的应用与展望,海洋地质与第四纪地质,第21卷第3期,123-129
[26] 朱君艳 沈琼华,海洋遥感的研究进展,2000年,浙江海洋学院学报[自然科学 版],第19卷第1期,77-80
[27] 何毅斌 陈定方,Windows工作环境下VC++与MATLAB的联合应用研究,2002年,武汉理工大学学报,第26卷第1期,58-60
[28] 种劲松 周孝宽,基于遗传算法的图像阀值分割,电子科学学刊,第22卷第5期,785-790
[29] 殷明 张兴华,基于MATLAB的遗传算法实现,2000年,电子应用技术,第一期,9-11页
[30] 夏良正,数字图像处理,第一版,1999年,东南大学出版社,200-212页
[31] 张凯丽 刘辉,边缘检测技术的发展研究,昆明理工大学学报,第25卷第5期,36-39页
[32] 张运杰,模糊数学基础,1996年,大连海事大学数学出版社,6-8页
[2] 安居白 张永宁,发达国家海上溢油遥感监测现状分析,2002,交通环保,23卷,3期,27页
[3] 安居白,航空遥感探测海上溢油的技术,2002,交通环保,23卷,1期,24—26页
[4] 何斌 马天予,第二版,Visual C++数字图像处理,人民邮电出版社,394-395页
[5] 吴士达,图像边缘检测的模糊数学方法,成都气象学院学报,第10卷第3期,220-223页
[6] 白景峰 赵学增,基于模糊梯度的边缘检测方法,控制与决策,第16卷第3期,353页
[7] PAL, S. K., KING, R. A., On edge detection of X-ray images using fuzzy sets, IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, 1983, Vol. PAMI-5,No. 1, pp. 69-77
[8] ZADEH, L.A., Fuzzy logic and its applications, Academic Press, New York, 1965.
[9] BANKS, S., Signal Processing, Image Processing and Pattern Recognition, Prentice HallInternational, 1990.
[10] TIZHOOSH, H. R., FOCHEM, M., Image Enhancement with Fuzzy Histogram Hyperbolization, Proceedings of EUFIT'95, vol. 3, pp. 1695-1698
[11] PAL, S.K., KUNDU, M.K., Automatic selection of object enhancement operator with quantitative justification based on fuzzy set theoretic measures, Pattern Recognition Letters, vol. 11, pp. 811-829, 1990.
[12] 郑成勇,基于局部灰度特性分析的红外目标检测方法,红外与激光工程,第33卷第4期,362-363页
[13] 王小平 曹立明,遗传算法—理论、应用与软件实现,第一版,2002年,西安交通大学出版社,4-14页
[14] 王小平 曹立明,遗传算法—理论、应用与软件实现,第一版,2002年,西安交通大学出版社,240-241页
[15] ZIMMERMAN J B, PIZER S M, STAAB J, An Evaluation of the effectiveness of adaptive histogram equalisation for contrast enhancement IEEE Trans. Med, Imag, 1988,MI-7pp. 304-312
[16] LAI S LI X, BISCHOF W F, On techniques for detecting circumscribed masses in mammograms, IEEE Trans, Med. Imag, 1989, MI-8 377-386
[17] MILLER P, ASTLEY S, Automated detection of breast asymmetries, Internal Report Dept of Medical Biophysics University of Manchester, 1993.
[18] Jean-Marie Massin, Remote Sensing for the Control of Marine Pollution, Plenum Press, New York, 1984, p. 165
[19] Jean-Marie Massin, Remote Sensing for the Control of Marine Pollution, Plenum Press, New York, 1984, p.333
[20] Rafacel C. Gonzalez, Paul Wintz, Digital Image Processing, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, USA, 1987, p.340
[21] DHAWAN A P, BUELLONI G, GORDON R, Enhancement of mammographic features by optimal adaptive neighbourhood image processing IEEE Trans. Med. Imag. MI-5 8-15
[22] GORDON R, RANGAYAN R M, Feature enhancement of film mammograms using fixed and adaptive neighbourhoods, Applied Optics 1984,vol, 23 560-564
[23] KAUFMANN, A., Introduction to the Theory of Fuzzy Subsets-Fundamental Theoretical Elements, Academic Press, New York, 1975 vol. 1
[24] 徐冠华,遥感信息科学的进展和展望,1996年,地理学报,第九期,385—397
[25] 谢文君 陈君,海洋遥感的应用与展望,海洋地质与第四纪地质,第21卷第3期,123-129
[26] 朱君艳 沈琼华,海洋遥感的研究进展,2000年,浙江海洋学院学报[自然科学 版],第19卷第1期,77-80
[27] 何毅斌 陈定方,Windows工作环境下VC++与MATLAB的联合应用研究,2002年,武汉理工大学学报,第26卷第1期,58-60
[28] 种劲松 周孝宽,基于遗传算法的图像阀值分割,电子科学学刊,第22卷第5期,785-790
[29] 殷明 张兴华,基于MATLAB的遗传算法实现,2000年,电子应用技术,第一期,9-11页
[30] 夏良正,数字图像处理,第一版,1999年,东南大学出版社,200-212页
[31] 张凯丽 刘辉,边缘检测技术的发展研究,昆明理工大学学报,第25卷第5期,36-39页
[32] 张运杰,模糊数学基础,1996年,大连海事大学数学出版社,6-8页