口蹄疫、猪瘟和蓝耳病三种疫苗同步分点免疫技术研究与推广应用
|
摘要
本研究采用猪口蹄疫(FMD)灭活疫苗和合成肽疫苗、猪瘟(CSF)脾淋活疫苗和高致病性猪蓝耳病(HPPRRS)舌疫苗同步分点(三点、两点)免疫技术,对被免疫猪只分别进行了小组试验、攻毒保护、免疫持续期观察、扩大应用和临床免疫等试验研究,并用ELISA方法定期对各阶段血清抗体进行检测,旨在探索一种适合基层应用的FMD, CSF. HPPRRS三种疫苗同步分点注射免疫技术,提高免疫密度和免疫效果,降低基层防疫人员劳动强度,提高工作效率,破解基层强制免疫工作难题。本研究得出下列结论。
1.建立了口蹄疫、猪瘟和高致病性猪蓝耳病三种疫苗同步分点(三点、两点)免疫技术方法并证明了其临床应用的可行性与科学性。
2.口蹄疫、猪瘟和高致病性猪蓝耳病三种疫苗同步分点(三点、两点)免疫证明了三种疫苗同步分点免疫相互间未出现免疫干扰现象。同时,对应用三种疫苗同步两点免疫技术中各病种免疫效果的同步评估需在免疫后35-40天期间进行监测为佳。种公猪采用三种疫苗同步两点免疫技术免疫,免疫后需停止供精7-10天采集一次精液无害化处理后可正常供精。
3.应用口蹄疫三种疫苗同步两点攻毒保护率猪瘟、口蹄疫合成肽疫苗、口蹄疫灭活疫苗、高致病性猪蓝耳病活疫苗与其单苗免疫攻毒保护率相一致。
4.三种疫苗同步两点免疫技术列入云南省2013年重大动物疫病免疫方案,2013年上半年全省16个州市129个县市区共免疫生猪3206.31万头,抗体转阳率口蹄疫为77.85%,猪瘟为83.15%,高致病性猪蓝耳病为93.92%,均达到并高于国家要求。免疫应激反应102004头,反应率为0.32%,免疫应激反应死亡7926头,死亡率为0.25%o,较传统免疫方式下降45%左右。
本研究证明了三种疫苗同步分点注射的可行性和科学性,并将三种疫苗同步两点免疫技术大面积应用于免疫工作,解决了困扰基层临床免疫的难点问题,为其临床应用提供了科学依据和数据支持,在生产实际的临床应用中具有重要意义。
Inactivated vaccine and synthetic peptide vaccine of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccines, attenuated live vaccines for either classic swine fever (CSF) or porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) were used in the studies described in this paper. Pigs were divided into groups and vaccinated by simultaneously inoculated the three vaccines at three or two sites. Vaccinated pigs were carried out the lasting immunity test, extension application, virus challenge test and clinical immunity test. ELISA tests were used to measure antibody responses in different times of post vaccination. The aim of the studies is to seek an alternative and easy applying method for grass root veterinaries to vaccinate pigs with FMD、CSF、PRRS vaccines, and to reduce labor cost, increase the percent of coverage and efficacy of the vaccines. The following conclusions have been achieved.
1. This study established a new immunological technique for Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD), Classical swine fever and Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS). That was, three vaccines simultaneously injected in different points (three points, two points). And the study also demonstrated the feasibility and scientificalness of this technique in clinical applications.
2.The study showed that no immunity interference in this new technique. In addition, it is best to assess the immune effects of vaccines during the35-40days after immunization. Stud boars need to stop provide semen for7-10days after immunized by this technique, and the boars can normally provide sperm after harmlessly treated.
3.In this technique, the respective protective efficacy rate of FMD vaccine, Classical swine fever and PRRS vaccine, were consistent with applying the single vaccine alone.
4. The three vaccines two sites simultaneous vaccination technique had been used to the important animal disease vaccination programs in Yunnan province in2013. In the first half of2013,32,063,100pigs were vaccinated in129counties of16cities or prefectures in the province. The antibody conversion rates for all vaccines reached or exceed the national standard (FMD77.85%, swine fever83.15%, PRRS93.92%). The hypersensitive responsive numbers were102004(0.32%) pigs. The hypersensitive responsive death numbers were7926(0.25%o) pigs, reduced about45%compared with the traditional vaccination procedures.
The studies testified that the three vaccines three sites or three vaccines two sites simultaneous vaccination technique are reliable for FMD, CSF and HPPRRS vaccination. The techniques have been widely applied in the rural area and showed more efficiency to solve the problem of vaccination difficulty, and also imposed great significance in the actual application.
1.建立了口蹄疫、猪瘟和高致病性猪蓝耳病三种疫苗同步分点(三点、两点)免疫技术方法并证明了其临床应用的可行性与科学性。
2.口蹄疫、猪瘟和高致病性猪蓝耳病三种疫苗同步分点(三点、两点)免疫证明了三种疫苗同步分点免疫相互间未出现免疫干扰现象。同时,对应用三种疫苗同步两点免疫技术中各病种免疫效果的同步评估需在免疫后35-40天期间进行监测为佳。种公猪采用三种疫苗同步两点免疫技术免疫,免疫后需停止供精7-10天采集一次精液无害化处理后可正常供精。
3.应用口蹄疫三种疫苗同步两点攻毒保护率猪瘟、口蹄疫合成肽疫苗、口蹄疫灭活疫苗、高致病性猪蓝耳病活疫苗与其单苗免疫攻毒保护率相一致。
4.三种疫苗同步两点免疫技术列入云南省2013年重大动物疫病免疫方案,2013年上半年全省16个州市129个县市区共免疫生猪3206.31万头,抗体转阳率口蹄疫为77.85%,猪瘟为83.15%,高致病性猪蓝耳病为93.92%,均达到并高于国家要求。免疫应激反应102004头,反应率为0.32%,免疫应激反应死亡7926头,死亡率为0.25%o,较传统免疫方式下降45%左右。
本研究证明了三种疫苗同步分点注射的可行性和科学性,并将三种疫苗同步两点免疫技术大面积应用于免疫工作,解决了困扰基层临床免疫的难点问题,为其临床应用提供了科学依据和数据支持,在生产实际的临床应用中具有重要意义。
Inactivated vaccine and synthetic peptide vaccine of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) vaccines, attenuated live vaccines for either classic swine fever (CSF) or porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) were used in the studies described in this paper. Pigs were divided into groups and vaccinated by simultaneously inoculated the three vaccines at three or two sites. Vaccinated pigs were carried out the lasting immunity test, extension application, virus challenge test and clinical immunity test. ELISA tests were used to measure antibody responses in different times of post vaccination. The aim of the studies is to seek an alternative and easy applying method for grass root veterinaries to vaccinate pigs with FMD、CSF、PRRS vaccines, and to reduce labor cost, increase the percent of coverage and efficacy of the vaccines. The following conclusions have been achieved.
1. This study established a new immunological technique for Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD), Classical swine fever and Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS). That was, three vaccines simultaneously injected in different points (three points, two points). And the study also demonstrated the feasibility and scientificalness of this technique in clinical applications.
2.The study showed that no immunity interference in this new technique. In addition, it is best to assess the immune effects of vaccines during the35-40days after immunization. Stud boars need to stop provide semen for7-10days after immunized by this technique, and the boars can normally provide sperm after harmlessly treated.
3.In this technique, the respective protective efficacy rate of FMD vaccine, Classical swine fever and PRRS vaccine, were consistent with applying the single vaccine alone.
4. The three vaccines two sites simultaneous vaccination technique had been used to the important animal disease vaccination programs in Yunnan province in2013. In the first half of2013,32,063,100pigs were vaccinated in129counties of16cities or prefectures in the province. The antibody conversion rates for all vaccines reached or exceed the national standard (FMD77.85%, swine fever83.15%, PRRS93.92%). The hypersensitive responsive numbers were102004(0.32%) pigs. The hypersensitive responsive death numbers were7926(0.25%o) pigs, reduced about45%compared with the traditional vaccination procedures.
The studies testified that the three vaccines three sites or three vaccines two sites simultaneous vaccination technique are reliable for FMD, CSF and HPPRRS vaccination. The techniques have been widely applied in the rural area and showed more efficiency to solve the problem of vaccination difficulty, and also imposed great significance in the actual application.
引文
[1]殷震,刘景华.动物病毒学[M].北京：科学出版社,1997：652-664.
[2]蔡宝祥.家畜传染病学[M].4版.北京：中国农业出版社,2001：383-388.
[3]冯学平.口蹄疫疫情与控制[J].中国兽医科技,1986,(1)：62-64.
[4]薛景山.国际口蹄疫的监测与控制[J].中国兽医科技,1991,(7)：44-46.
[5]柳纪省.口蹄疫研究进展[J].中国兽医科技,1993,(3)：17-21.
[6]农业部畜牧兽医司.家畜口蹄疫及其防制[J].北京,中国农业科技出版社,1994,34-39.
[7]杨晓伟,姜平.口蹄疫的流行新动态[J].畜牧与兽医,2005,37(9)：53-54.
[8]袁文泽,苏永生.1990-2001年世界口蹄疫流行情况及其防制对策[J].中国动物检疫,2002,19(2)：43-44.
[9]蔡宝祥.当前我国猪瘟防制中存在的问题和对策[A].猪的重要传染病防治研究新成果[B].北京：中国养猪研究分会.2002,1-5.
[10]涂长春.中国猪瘟流行病学现状与防制研究[D].北京：中国农业大学,2004.
[11]农业部.2013年国家动物疫病强制免疫计划[z].农医发[2013]8号.北京：农业部,2013：3-21
[12]Keffaber K. Reproductive failure of unknown etiology. Am Assoc Swine Pract Newsl,1989.2:1-10.
[13]杜元钊,陈溥言.猪繁殖与呼吸综合征的防制[J].中国动物检疫,2007,24(8)：48-50.
[14]Meredith MJ. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome. Pig Disease Information Centre,University of Cambridge.1995.
[15]Morin M, Robinson Y. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome in Quebec. VetRec,1991,129: 367-368.
[16]Dea S, Bilodeau R, Athanassious R, Sauvageau R and Martieau GP. Swine reproductive andrespiratory syndrome in Quebec: isolection of an enveloped virus serologically-relatedLelystad virus. Can Vet J,1992,33:801-808.
[17]Muirhead MR. Mystery disease-blue eared pig disease on a breeding and fattening unit.VetRec, 1992,130:513-514.
[18]Polson DD, Marsh WE, Dial GD. Financial implications of mystery swine disease. ProcMystery Swine Dis Comm Meet, Livest Conserv Inst,1990,1:8-28.
[19]Wensvoort G, Terpstra C, Pol JMA, Ter Laak EA, M, De Kluyver EP, Kragten C, VanBuiten L, Den Besten A, Wagenaar F, Broekhuilsen JM, Moonen PLJM, Zetstra T, De BoerEA, Tibben HJ, De Jog MF, Van Veld P, Greenland GJR, Van Gennep JA, Voets MT,Verheijden JHMand Braamskamp J. Mystery swine disease in the Netherlands:the isolationof Lelystad Virus. Vet Q,1991,13: 121-130.
[20]Terpstra C, Wensvoort G and Pol JMA. Experimental reproduction of porcine epidemicabortion and respiratory syndrome (mystery swine disease) by infection with Lelystad virus:Koch's postulates fulfilled. Vet Q,1991,13:131-136.
[21]Collins JE, Benfield D, Christianson WT, Harris L, Hennigs JC, Shaw DP, Goyal SM.McCullough S, Morrison RB, Joo HS, Gorcyca D and Chladek D, Isolation of swineinfertility and respiratory syndrome virus (isolate ATCC VR-2332) in North America andexperimental reproduction of the disease in gnotobiotic pig. J Vet Diagn Invest,1992,4:117-126.
[22]郭宝清,陈章水.从疑似PRRS流产胎儿分离PRRSV的研究[J].中国畜禽传染病,1996,(2)：1-4.
[23]刘鹏,孙刚,黄淑琴.高致病性猪蓝耳病的流行特点及防控措施[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2007,(12)：86-87.
[24]张洋,李晓叶.猪繁殖与呼吸综合征的研究进展[J].湖北畜牧兽医,2010,(7)：10-13
[25]Plagemann PGW, Moennig V. Lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus, equine arteritis virusand simian hemorrhagic fever virus:a new group of positive-strand RNA viruses. Adv VirusRes,1992, 41:99-192.
[26]Meulenberg JJM, de Meijer EJ and Moormann RJM. Subgenomic RNAs of Lelystad viruscontain conserved junction sequence. J Gen Virol,1993a,74:1697-1701.
[27]Snijder, E.J., Meulenberg, J.J.M. The molecular biology of arteriviruses. J. Gen. Virol,1998,79, 961-979.
[28]Cavanaugh, D. Nidovirales: a new order comprising coronaviridae and arteriviridae. Arch.Virol., 1997,142,629-633.
[29]刘书亮,王红宁.PRRS的病原学和免疫学研究进展[J].四川畜牧兽医,2000,27(7)：79-83.
[30]谢印乾,沈志强,王桂花,等.猪繁殖与呼吸综合征免疫学研究进展[J].动物医学进展,2006,27(6)：6-10.
[31]Benfield D, Harris L, Nelson E and Goyal SM. Properties of SIRS virus isolate ATCCVR-2332 in the United States and preliminary characterization of a monoantibody to thisvirus. Am Assoc Swine pract Newsletter.1992b,4 (4):19-21.
[32]Mardassi H, Athanassious R, Mounir S and Dea S. Porcine reproductive and respiratorysyndrome virus: morphological, biochemical and serological characteristics of Quebecisolates associated with acute and chronic outbreaks of porcine reproductive and respiratorysyndrome. Can J Vet Res, 1994a,58:55-64.
[33]Wensvoort G., Terpstra C., Pol J.M.A., Ter Laak E.A., Bloemraad M., De Kluyver E.P., Wensvoort G.&Moormann R.J.M. Lelystad virus, the isolation of lelystad virus. Vet. Q.,1993,13,121-130.
[34]Dea S, Gagonon CA, Mardassi H, Pirzadeh B and Rogan D. Current Knowledge on thestructural proteins of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus:comparison of the North American and European isolates. Arch Virol,2000a,145:659-688.
[35]Van Alistine WG, Kanitz CL and Stevenson GW. Time and temperature survivability of PRRSvirus in serum and tissue. J Vet Diagn Invest,1993a,5:621-622.
[36]Wensvoort G, de Kluyver EP, Luitjze EA, den Besten A, Harris L, Collins JE, Christianson WT and Chladek D. Antigenic comparison of Lelystad virus and swine infertility andrespiraroty syndrome (SIRS) virus. J Vet Diagn Invest,1992,4:134-138.
[37]Benfield D, Nelson E, Collins JE, Harris L, Goyal SM, Robinson D, Christianson WT,Morrison RB, Gorcyca D and Chladek D. Characterization of swine infertility andrespiratory syndrome (SIRS) virus (isolate ATCC VR-2332). J Vet Diagn Invest,1992a,4:127-133.
[38]Bloemraad M, de Kluijver EP, Petersen A, Burkhardt GE and Wensport G (1994), Porcinereproductive and respiratory syndrome:temperature and PH stability of Lelystadt virus andits survival in tissue specimens from viraemic pigs. Veterinary Microbiology 42:361-371.
[39]Meng XJ, Paul PS, Halbur PG and Lum MA. Characterization of a high-virulence U.S.isolate of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in a continuous cell line ATCC CRL11171. J Vet Diagn Invest,1996a,8:374-381.
[40]Nelson EA, Chritopher-Hennings J, Drew T, Wensvoort G, Collins JE and Benfield DA.Differentiation of U.S and European isolates of porcine reproductive and respiratorysyndrome virus by monoclonal antibodies. J Clin Microbol,1993,31:3184-3189.
[41]Jusa ER, Inaba Y, Kouno M, Asagoe T and Uwatoko K. Effect of heparin on a haemagglutininof porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Res Vet Sci,1997b,62:261-264.
[42]Jusa ER, Inaba Y, Kouno M, Asagoe T, Uwatoko K, Yamaura K and Hirose O.Characterization of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus hemagglutinin. JVet Med Sci,1997a,59: 281-286.
[43]Jusa ER, Inaba Y, Kouno M, Mashimo H and Hirose O. Hemagglutination with porcinereproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. J Vet Med Sci,1996,58:521-527.
[44]Molitor TW, Bautista EM and Choi CS. Immunity to PRRSV: Double-edged sword. VetMicrobiol, 1997,55:265-276.
[45]Thanawongnuwech R, Thacker EL and Halbur PG. Effect of porcine reproductive andrespiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) (isotate ATCC VR-2385) infection on bactericidalactivity of porcine intravascular macrophage (PIMs).Vet Immunopathol,1997,59:323-335.
[46]Molitor TW, Choi CS and Leitner G Modulation of host immune response by SIRS virus. AmAssoc Swine Pract Newsletter,1992,4:27-28.
[47]Christianson WT and Joo HS. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome: a review. Swine Health and Production,1994,2 (2):10-28.
[48]Meng XJ, Paul PS, Morozov I and Halbur PG, A nested set of six or seven subgenomicmRNAs is formed in cells infected with different isotates of porcine reproductive andrespiratory syndrome virus.J Gen Virol,1996b,77:1265-1270.
[49]Meulenberg JJM, Hulst MM, de Meijer EJ, Moonen PLJM, de Besten A, de Kluyver EP,Wensvoort G and Moormann RJM. Lelystad virus, the causative agent of porcine epidemicabortion and respiratory syndrome (PEARS), is related to LDV and EAV. Virology,1993b,192:62-72.
[50]Calvert, J.G., Slade, D.E., Shields, S.L., Jolie, R., Mannan, R.M., Ankenbauer, R.G., Welch,S.K. CD163 expression confers susceptibility to porcine reproductive and respiratorysyndrome viruses. J Virol.2007,81:7371-7379.
[51]Delputte PL, Vanderheijden N, Nauwynck HJ and Pensaert MB. Involvement of the matrixprotein in attachment of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus to a heparinlikereceptor on porcine alveolar macrophages. J Virol,2002,76:4312-4320.
[52]Delputte, P.L., Costers, S., Nauwynck, H.J. Analysis of porcine reproductive and respiratorysyndrome virus attachment and internalization:distinctive roles for heparan sulphate andsialoadhesin. J Gen Virol.2005,86:1441-1445.
[53]Kim, J.K., Fahad, A.M., Shanmukhappa, K., Kapil, S. Defining the cellular target (s) ofporcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus blocking monoclonal antibody 7G10. J Virol.,2006, 80:689-696.
[54]Choi C, Christianson WT and Gustafson K. Antibody-dependent enhancement of PRRS virusreplication. Am Assoc swine pract Newsletter,1992,4:19-21.
[55]Yoon KJ, Zimmerman JJ, Swenson SL. Assessment of the biological significance of antibodydependent enhancement of porcine epidemic abortion and respiratory syndrome (PEARS)virus infection in passively immunized pigs. In: Proc 13th Inter Pig Vet Soci Congr,Bangkok, Thailand,1994a:11-14.
[56]Yoon KJ, Wu LL, Zimmerman JJ, Hill HT and Platt KB. Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection in pigs. Viral Immunol, 1996,9:51-63.
[57]Mascolar JR, Mathieson BJ, Zack PM, Walker MC, Halsteas SB and Burke DS. Summaryreport: workshop on the potential risks of antibody-dependent enhancement in human HIVvaccine trails. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses,1993,9:1175-1184.
[58]Corapi WV, Olsen CW, Scott FW. Monoclonal antibody analysis of neutralization andantibodydependent enhancement of feline infectious peritonitis virus. J Virol,1992, 66:6695-6705.
[50]Homayon G, Perng GC, Anthony BN and Steven LW. Antibody-dependent enhancement of HSV-1 infection by anti-gK sera. Virus Res,2000,68:137-144.
[59]Christianson WT, Collins JE, Benfield DA, Harris L, Gorcyca DE, Chladek DW, MorrisonRB, Joo HS. Experimental reproduction of swine infertility and respiratory syndrome inpregnant sows. Am J Vet Res.1992, Apr; 53 (4):485-488.
[60]Plana-Duran J, Climent I, Sarraseca J, et al. Baculovirus expression of proteins ofporcinereproductive and respiratory syndrome virus strain OIot/91.In volvement of ORF3 andORF5 proteins in protection.Virus Genes,1997,14 (1):19-29.
[61]Gall A, Albina E, Magar R and Gauthier JP. Antigenic variability of porcine reproductive andrespiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus isolates, influence of virus passage in pig. Vet Res, 1997,28:247-257.
[62]Bilodeau R, Archambault D and Vezina SA. Persistence of porcime reproductive andrespiratory syndrome virus infection in a swine operation. Can J Vet Res,1994,58 (4):291-298.
[63]Sur JH and Doster AR. Apoptosis induced in vivo during acute infection by porcinereproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Vet Pathol,1998,35:506-514.
[64]Allende R, Laegreid WW, Kutish GF, Galeota JA, Wills RW and Osorio FA. Porcinereproductive and respiratory syndrome virus:Description of persistence in individual pigupon experimental infection. J Virol,2000a,74 (22):10834-10837.
[65]Domingo E and Holland JJ. RNA virus mutations and fitness for survival. Annu RevMicrobiol, 1997,51:151-178.
[66]Hedges JF, Balasuriya UBR, Timoney PJ, McCollum WH and Macachlan NJ. Geneticdivergence with emergence of novel phenotypic variants of equine arteritis virus duringpersistent infection of stallions. J Viral,1999,73:3672-3681.
[67]Gall A, Legeay O, Bourhy H, Arnauld C, Albina E and Jestin A. Molecular variation in thenucleoprotein gene (ORF7) of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV). Virus Res,1998,54:9-21.
[68]任树军,岳华,汤承,等.高致病性蓝耳病PCR诊断及病毒分离鉴定[J].四川畜牧兽医,2009,(3)：23-24.
[69]Collett. Co. parison of the pestivirusBVDV with the other, ebers of Flaviviridae [J].Virology, 1998,69:2637-2642.
[70]欧德渊,李诗举,王群辉,等.高致病性猪蓝耳病的病理学观察[J].贵州畜牧兽医,2008,32(6)：3-4.
[71]伊良,甄春来,唐守营.高致病性猪蓝耳病的预防及控制[J].养猪,2009,(1)：68.
[72]冉智光,杨汉春.猪繁殖与呼吸障碍综合征研究进展[J].猪业科学,2006,(5)：21-22.
[73]杨汉春.猪繁殖与呼吸综合征综述[J].猪业科学,2006,(5)：19-20.
[74]Mengeling W L, Lager K M, Vorwald A C.The effect of porcine parvovirus andporcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus on porcine reproductiveperformance[J].Animal Reproduction Science,2000, (60-61):199-210.
[75]Keffabern K K.Reproductive failure of unknown etiology[J].Am Asso SwinePract Neuwsletter. 1989,1 (2):1-9.
[76]宋长绪,姚建职,吴良波,等.全群普免PRRS活疫苗的效果研究[J].疫苗应用,2006,5：31-33.
[77]张婉华,叶向阳,祁贤,等.猪繁殖呼吸综合征弱毒疫苗的研制[J].上海农业学报,2005,21(1)：103-106.
[78]蔡雪辉,田志军.猪繁殖与呼吸综合征的疫苗研究进展及其防制策略[J].养殖,2006,(3)：33-36.
[79]王君玮,盖日忠,徐天刚,等.猪繁殖与呼吸综合征油乳剂灭活苗免疫效力试验[J].中国兽医杂志,2006,42(6)：51-52.
[80]金苗苗,沈国顺,张敏,等.猪繁殖与呼吸综合征疫苗的研究进展[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2007,(6)：17-18.
[81]赵坤,干三虎,李敬玺,等.猪繁殖与呼吸综合征油乳剂灭活疫苗的研制[J].河南农业大学学报,2006,40(4)：379-382.
[82]周艳君,薛强,安同庆,等.猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒CH-la株核衣壳蛋白单克隆抗体的制备[J].中国预防兽医学报,2005,27(6)：498-452.
[83]仇华吉,周彦君,童光志.猪繁殖呼吸综合征病毒蛋白的结构与功能[J].动物医学进展,2000,12(2)：23-26.
[84]邱立新,郑杰.高致病性猪蓝耳病的临床诊断与防治[J].中国畜牧兽医,2008,35(1)：114-115.
[85]金光明,杨倩.猪繁殖与呼吸综合征免疫学研究[J].安徽农业科学,2003,31(1)：114-116.
[86]Adam KH. Marquardt O.D ifferentiation of type A, Asia I and Ofood-and-mouth disease vius, amplified by the same system,by sequencing ofthe capsid protein genes[J].Jviro IM ethods,2002, 104 (2):117-123.
[87]袁文泽,苏永生.1990～2001年世界口蹄疫流行情况及其防制对策[J].中国动物检疫.2002,19(2)：43-44.
[88]董志强,张志,李成,等.口蹄疫检测技术研究进展[J].中国动物检疫,2007,24(3)：48-50.
[89]郎洪武,杨汉春.口蹄疫研究进展[J].中国兽药杂志,2005,39(10)：16-21.
[90]沈小燕,常惠芸,丛国正,等.口蹄疫病毒感染细胞的研究进展[J].动物医学进展,2005,26(6)：1-5.
[91]刘在新,谢庆阁.口蹄疫防治技术的研究与发展[J].中国兽医科技,2001,31(5)：18-21.
[92]G eeringWA. Food and A gricu ltu ral O rgan izat ion of th eU n ited N a-tions (FAO). Em erging D isease of L ivestock. V o.l 1. Th e d iseaseand th eir D iagnos is, FAO, R om e, Italy,1984,43-51.
[93]Knowles N I SamuIP R.Molecular epidem iology of foot-and-mouth diseasevirus[J].Vius, 2003, 91:47-50.
[94]陈富超.猪场口蹄的防控措施[J].今日畜牧兽医,2005,12(21)：19-20.
[95]刘丽.猪口蹄疫特点及其防治[J].安微农学通报,2008,14(22)：135.
[96]世界动物卫生组织.OIE哺乳动物、禽、蜜蜂A和B类疾病诊断试验和疫苗标准手册[S].北京：中国农业科学技术出版社，2002.71-86.
[97]M ni istry of A gricultu re, Fisheries and Food. Foo-t and-mouth disease.A geing of les ion.s H erM ajesty.s Stat ioneryO ffice, London, UK,1986.
[98]Fr enkel H S. Research on foot-and- mout h disease.o:T hecultivat ion of the v irus on a practical scale in explantationbov ine tongue epithelium [J]. Am J V et Res,1951,17:224-228.
[99]Mo wat G N, Chapman W G. Growt h of foo-t and- mouthdisease virus in a fibroblastic cell line der ived from hamsterkidneys [J]. Nature 1962,194:253-259.
[100]李永明,杨先富.种猪场口蹄疫母源抗体水平与灭活疫苗免疫效果的调查[J].中国兽医杂志,2007,43(11)：89-91.34
[101]Bachrach H L, Moor e D M, M cKercher P D, et al. Im-mune and ant ibody responses to an isolated capsid protein offoo-t and-mouth disease virus [J]. J Immunol,1975,115:1636-1640.
[102]K leid D G, Y ansura D, Small B, et al. Cloned vir al pro-tein v accine for foo-t and-mouth disease; reponses in cattleand sw ine [J]. Science,1981,214:1125-1131.
[103]M cKercher P D, M oore D M, M organ D O, et al. Dose-r esponse evaluation of a genetically eng ineered foot-and-mouth disease virus polypetptide immunog en in cattle [J].Am J Vet Res, 1985,46:587.
[104]谢庆阁,薛景山.美国动物病研究机构及科研进展简况[J].中国兽医科技,1987,(2)59-60.
[105]Jag adeesh B, Kr ishnamsetty P, Susaria G, et al. Protec-tive immune response: C-terminal VP 1 por tion of foot- and-mouth disease virus Asia-1 [J]. M icrobio I. Immuno.1999,43:765-771.
[106]Carrillo C, W igdorovitz A, Oliveros C, et al. Protectiveimmune response to foo t- and- mouth disease v irus with V Plexpressed in transg enic plants [J]. J V irol,1998,72:1688-1690.
[107]Dimarchi R, Brooke G, G ale C, et al. Protect ion ofcattle against foo-t and- mouth disease by a syntheticpeptide [J]. Science,1986,232:639-642.
[108]Am are-I D oel CM F, Ow en N E, Ferris N P, et a.1 D etection offoo-tand-m ou th d isease viral sequ ences in clin ical specmi en s andethyleneim ine-inacct ivated preparat ion s by the polym erase chaireact ion [J]. V accine,1993,11 (4):415-421.
[109]A uge D eM ello P, G om es I Bahn em ann HG The vaccination ofyoung cattle w ith an oil ad juvant foo-tand-m outh d isease vaccine[J]. B ol C entr Panam F ieb re A ftose,1989,55:3-14.
[110]Barnett PV, Pu llen L, W illians L. In ternat ional bank for foo-tand-m ou th d isease vaccin e: assen ssm en t ofM ontan id e ISA 25 andISA 206, tw o comm ercially ava ilab le o il ad juvan ts[J]. V accine,1996,9:75-88.
[111]D oel TR, Pu llen L. International bank for foo-tand-m outh d iseasevaccine:stab ility stud ies w ith virus cocent rates and vaccines pre-p ared from them [J]. V accin e,1990,8:473-478.
[112]W agn er GG, Card JL, Cow an KM. Imm unochem ical s tud ies offoo-tand-mouth d isease virus. Ⅶ. Characterizat ion of foo-tand-mouth d isease v iru s cocen trated by polyethy lene glycol p recip ita-t ion [J]. A rch G es V iru sforsch,1970,30:343-352.
[113]Bu tchaiah G, R ao BU. Freeze-d rying of food and m ou th d iseaseviru s and its app licat ion in inact ivated viru s vaccine produ ct ion[J]. R ev S ci Tech O ff In t E p iz,1988,7(2):347-356.
[114]张森涛,刘湘涛,张彦明,等.猪瘟标记疫苗的研究进展[J].中国兽医科技,2003,33(8)：26-29.
[115]蒋晓颖,俞秋兰,钱丽英.当前猪瘟流行病因学研究进展[J].动物科学与动物医学,2002,19(2)：29-31.
[116]Blome S,Grotha I,Moennig V,et al.Classical swine fever virus in South—Eastern Europere-ospeetive analysis of the disease situation and molecular epidemiology[J]. Vet Micmbiol,2010,146(3-4):276-284.
[117]赵耘,王在时,王琴,等.猪瘟病毒E2基因部分核苷酸序列遗传进化关系的研究[J].畜牧兽医学报,2002,(33)：157-164.
[118]王琴.猪瘟流行现状及中国猪瘟净化策[J].猪病防控,2012,(10)：45-47.
[119]蔡宝祥.家畜传染病学(第4版)[M].北京：中国农业出版社,2001,383-388.
[120]Moormann R J.Bouma A.Kramps J A,et al.Development of a classical swine fever subunitmarker vaccine and companion diagnostic test[J].Vet Microbiol,2000,73(2-3):209-219.
[121]Bouma A,De Smit A J,De Jong MCM,et al.Determination of the onset of the herd-immunityinduced by the E2 sub-unit vaccine against classical swine fever virus[J].Vaccine,2000,18:1374-1381.
[122]Yu X,Tu C C,Li H,et al.DNA-mediated protection against classical swine fevervirus[J].Vaccine, 2001,19:1520-1535.
[123]Hammond J M,McCoy R J,Jansen E S,et al. Vaccination with a single dose of a recombinantporcine adenovirus expressing the classical swine fever virus gp55 (E2)gene protects pigsagainst classical swine fever[J].Vaccine,2000,18 (11-12):1040-1050.
[124]Andrew M E,Morrissy C J,Lenghaus C,et al.Protection of pigs against classical swine feverwith DNA-delivered gp55 [J].Vaccine,2000,18(18):1932-1938.
[125]Rumenahf T,Stark R,Meyers G,et al.Structural proteins of hog cholera virus expressed byvaccinia virus:further characterization and induction of protective immunity[J].J Virol,1991,65(2):589-597.
[126]Van Zijl M,De Kluyver. Live attenuated pseudorabies virus expressing envelope glycoproteinE1 of hog cholera virus protects swine against both pseudorabies and hog cholera[J].JVirol,1991,65(5): 2761-2765.
[127]文萍萍,陈代平,李金海,等.猪瘟脾淋苗、猪。型口蹄疫和猪蓝耳病灭活苗两两联合应用的免疫效果观察[J].四川畜牧兽医,2010,231(1)：21-24.
[128]张长龙,贾文孝,曾存芳,等.猪瘟疫苗(兔源)、猪O型口蹄疫疫苗、猪蓝耳病疫苗有效免疫试验报告[J].疫病防控,2008,233(9)：40-43.
[129]王剑峰,杨宗照,谷艺,等.同时注射猪瘟和蓝耳病疫苗对猪瘟抗体效价的影响试[J].浙江畜牧兽医,2007,(1)：33.
[130]陆国林,陈伟杰,洪建伟,高致病性猪蓝耳病、猪瘟、口蹄疫疫苗分点同时接种免疫效果试验[J].中兽医医药杂志,2009(5)：28-30.
[131]郑利霞,舒菊英,郑水芳.猪瘟、口蹄疫与高致病性蓝耳病疫苗不同组合的免疫效果试[J].浙江畜牧兽医,2012(3)：26-28.
[132]施程洪,刘绍阳,朱明旺,等.ELISA抗体水平评价口蹄疫灭活疫苗免疫效果的可行性分析[J].中国兽医科学2012,42(4)：394-400
[133]华树明.高致病性蓝耳病疫苗与口蹄疫、猪瘟疫苗同时分点注射对口蹄疫、猪瘟抗体效价的影响试验[J].浙江畜牧兽医,2008,33(4)：6-7.
[134]任宇斓,于厚军,蒋文生.等猪口蹄疫、猪瘟、高致病性猪蓝耳病三种疫苗不同组合同时分点免疫效果观察与分析[J].中国动物检疫,2011,28(5)：67-71.
[135]张海燕,陈松林,沈振宁.生猪O型口蹄疫、猪瘟、高致病性蓝耳病疫苗的免疫试验报告[J].中国畜牧兽医文摘,2012,28(8)：206-207.
[136]孟丽军,杨晓玲,江文明.等猪口蹄疫、猪瘟、高致病性蓝耳病三种疫苗不同组合同时分点免疫的效果观察[J].四川畜牧兽医,2013,267(01)：23-26.
[137]朱善德,樊莉,卢黎明,等.猪瘟、口蹄疫和蓝耳病三种疫苗免疫程序比对试验[J].畜牧兽医科技信息,2009(4)：37.
[138]马睿麟,蔡金山,沈艳丽,等.猪瘟、口蹄疫、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征等多种疫苗免疫试验[J].畜牧与兽医,2010,42(10)：79-82.
[139]蔡宝祥.我国高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征研究进展[J].畜牧与兽医,2010,42(10)1-4.
[140]王东东,邓雨修,宋延华,等.我国猪繁殖与呼吸综合征流行概况[J].动物医学进展,2009,30(5)：101-104
[141]胡益源,张明亮,王慧,等.我国猪繁殖与呼吸综合征研究进展[J].中国动物保健,2012,14(10)：24-27.
[142]卢景,陆承平,段振华.口蹄疫、猪瘟和高致病性猪蓝耳病3种疫苗不同组合对猪的免疫效果评价[J].畜牧与兽医,2012,44(1)：76-79.
[2]蔡宝祥.家畜传染病学[M].4版.北京：中国农业出版社,2001：383-388.
[3]冯学平.口蹄疫疫情与控制[J].中国兽医科技,1986,(1)：62-64.
[4]薛景山.国际口蹄疫的监测与控制[J].中国兽医科技,1991,(7)：44-46.
[5]柳纪省.口蹄疫研究进展[J].中国兽医科技,1993,(3)：17-21.
[6]农业部畜牧兽医司.家畜口蹄疫及其防制[J].北京,中国农业科技出版社,1994,34-39.
[7]杨晓伟,姜平.口蹄疫的流行新动态[J].畜牧与兽医,2005,37(9)：53-54.
[8]袁文泽,苏永生.1990-2001年世界口蹄疫流行情况及其防制对策[J].中国动物检疫,2002,19(2)：43-44.
[9]蔡宝祥.当前我国猪瘟防制中存在的问题和对策[A].猪的重要传染病防治研究新成果[B].北京：中国养猪研究分会.2002,1-5.
[10]涂长春.中国猪瘟流行病学现状与防制研究[D].北京：中国农业大学,2004.
[11]农业部.2013年国家动物疫病强制免疫计划[z].农医发[2013]8号.北京：农业部,2013：3-21
[12]Keffaber K. Reproductive failure of unknown etiology. Am Assoc Swine Pract Newsl,1989.2:1-10.
[13]杜元钊,陈溥言.猪繁殖与呼吸综合征的防制[J].中国动物检疫,2007,24(8)：48-50.
[14]Meredith MJ. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome. Pig Disease Information Centre,University of Cambridge.1995.
[15]Morin M, Robinson Y. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome in Quebec. VetRec,1991,129: 367-368.
[16]Dea S, Bilodeau R, Athanassious R, Sauvageau R and Martieau GP. Swine reproductive andrespiratory syndrome in Quebec: isolection of an enveloped virus serologically-relatedLelystad virus. Can Vet J,1992,33:801-808.
[17]Muirhead MR. Mystery disease-blue eared pig disease on a breeding and fattening unit.VetRec, 1992,130:513-514.
[18]Polson DD, Marsh WE, Dial GD. Financial implications of mystery swine disease. ProcMystery Swine Dis Comm Meet, Livest Conserv Inst,1990,1:8-28.
[19]Wensvoort G, Terpstra C, Pol JMA, Ter Laak EA, M, De Kluyver EP, Kragten C, VanBuiten L, Den Besten A, Wagenaar F, Broekhuilsen JM, Moonen PLJM, Zetstra T, De BoerEA, Tibben HJ, De Jog MF, Van Veld P, Greenland GJR, Van Gennep JA, Voets MT,Verheijden JHMand Braamskamp J. Mystery swine disease in the Netherlands:the isolationof Lelystad Virus. Vet Q,1991,13: 121-130.
[20]Terpstra C, Wensvoort G and Pol JMA. Experimental reproduction of porcine epidemicabortion and respiratory syndrome (mystery swine disease) by infection with Lelystad virus:Koch's postulates fulfilled. Vet Q,1991,13:131-136.
[21]Collins JE, Benfield D, Christianson WT, Harris L, Hennigs JC, Shaw DP, Goyal SM.McCullough S, Morrison RB, Joo HS, Gorcyca D and Chladek D, Isolation of swineinfertility and respiratory syndrome virus (isolate ATCC VR-2332) in North America andexperimental reproduction of the disease in gnotobiotic pig. J Vet Diagn Invest,1992,4:117-126.
[22]郭宝清,陈章水.从疑似PRRS流产胎儿分离PRRSV的研究[J].中国畜禽传染病,1996,(2)：1-4.
[23]刘鹏,孙刚,黄淑琴.高致病性猪蓝耳病的流行特点及防控措施[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2007,(12)：86-87.
[24]张洋,李晓叶.猪繁殖与呼吸综合征的研究进展[J].湖北畜牧兽医,2010,(7)：10-13
[25]Plagemann PGW, Moennig V. Lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus, equine arteritis virusand simian hemorrhagic fever virus:a new group of positive-strand RNA viruses. Adv VirusRes,1992, 41:99-192.
[26]Meulenberg JJM, de Meijer EJ and Moormann RJM. Subgenomic RNAs of Lelystad viruscontain conserved junction sequence. J Gen Virol,1993a,74:1697-1701.
[27]Snijder, E.J., Meulenberg, J.J.M. The molecular biology of arteriviruses. J. Gen. Virol,1998,79, 961-979.
[28]Cavanaugh, D. Nidovirales: a new order comprising coronaviridae and arteriviridae. Arch.Virol., 1997,142,629-633.
[29]刘书亮,王红宁.PRRS的病原学和免疫学研究进展[J].四川畜牧兽医,2000,27(7)：79-83.
[30]谢印乾,沈志强,王桂花,等.猪繁殖与呼吸综合征免疫学研究进展[J].动物医学进展,2006,27(6)：6-10.
[31]Benfield D, Harris L, Nelson E and Goyal SM. Properties of SIRS virus isolate ATCCVR-2332 in the United States and preliminary characterization of a monoantibody to thisvirus. Am Assoc Swine pract Newsletter.1992b,4 (4):19-21.
[32]Mardassi H, Athanassious R, Mounir S and Dea S. Porcine reproductive and respiratorysyndrome virus: morphological, biochemical and serological characteristics of Quebecisolates associated with acute and chronic outbreaks of porcine reproductive and respiratorysyndrome. Can J Vet Res, 1994a,58:55-64.
[33]Wensvoort G., Terpstra C., Pol J.M.A., Ter Laak E.A., Bloemraad M., De Kluyver E.P., Wensvoort G.&Moormann R.J.M. Lelystad virus, the isolation of lelystad virus. Vet. Q.,1993,13,121-130.
[34]Dea S, Gagonon CA, Mardassi H, Pirzadeh B and Rogan D. Current Knowledge on thestructural proteins of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus:comparison of the North American and European isolates. Arch Virol,2000a,145:659-688.
[35]Van Alistine WG, Kanitz CL and Stevenson GW. Time and temperature survivability of PRRSvirus in serum and tissue. J Vet Diagn Invest,1993a,5:621-622.
[36]Wensvoort G, de Kluyver EP, Luitjze EA, den Besten A, Harris L, Collins JE, Christianson WT and Chladek D. Antigenic comparison of Lelystad virus and swine infertility andrespiraroty syndrome (SIRS) virus. J Vet Diagn Invest,1992,4:134-138.
[37]Benfield D, Nelson E, Collins JE, Harris L, Goyal SM, Robinson D, Christianson WT,Morrison RB, Gorcyca D and Chladek D. Characterization of swine infertility andrespiratory syndrome (SIRS) virus (isolate ATCC VR-2332). J Vet Diagn Invest,1992a,4:127-133.
[38]Bloemraad M, de Kluijver EP, Petersen A, Burkhardt GE and Wensport G (1994), Porcinereproductive and respiratory syndrome:temperature and PH stability of Lelystadt virus andits survival in tissue specimens from viraemic pigs. Veterinary Microbiology 42:361-371.
[39]Meng XJ, Paul PS, Halbur PG and Lum MA. Characterization of a high-virulence U.S.isolate of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in a continuous cell line ATCC CRL11171. J Vet Diagn Invest,1996a,8:374-381.
[40]Nelson EA, Chritopher-Hennings J, Drew T, Wensvoort G, Collins JE and Benfield DA.Differentiation of U.S and European isolates of porcine reproductive and respiratorysyndrome virus by monoclonal antibodies. J Clin Microbol,1993,31:3184-3189.
[41]Jusa ER, Inaba Y, Kouno M, Asagoe T and Uwatoko K. Effect of heparin on a haemagglutininof porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Res Vet Sci,1997b,62:261-264.
[42]Jusa ER, Inaba Y, Kouno M, Asagoe T, Uwatoko K, Yamaura K and Hirose O.Characterization of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus hemagglutinin. JVet Med Sci,1997a,59: 281-286.
[43]Jusa ER, Inaba Y, Kouno M, Mashimo H and Hirose O. Hemagglutination with porcinereproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. J Vet Med Sci,1996,58:521-527.
[44]Molitor TW, Bautista EM and Choi CS. Immunity to PRRSV: Double-edged sword. VetMicrobiol, 1997,55:265-276.
[45]Thanawongnuwech R, Thacker EL and Halbur PG. Effect of porcine reproductive andrespiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) (isotate ATCC VR-2385) infection on bactericidalactivity of porcine intravascular macrophage (PIMs).Vet Immunopathol,1997,59:323-335.
[46]Molitor TW, Choi CS and Leitner G Modulation of host immune response by SIRS virus. AmAssoc Swine Pract Newsletter,1992,4:27-28.
[47]Christianson WT and Joo HS. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome: a review. Swine Health and Production,1994,2 (2):10-28.
[48]Meng XJ, Paul PS, Morozov I and Halbur PG, A nested set of six or seven subgenomicmRNAs is formed in cells infected with different isotates of porcine reproductive andrespiratory syndrome virus.J Gen Virol,1996b,77:1265-1270.
[49]Meulenberg JJM, Hulst MM, de Meijer EJ, Moonen PLJM, de Besten A, de Kluyver EP,Wensvoort G and Moormann RJM. Lelystad virus, the causative agent of porcine epidemicabortion and respiratory syndrome (PEARS), is related to LDV and EAV. Virology,1993b,192:62-72.
[50]Calvert, J.G., Slade, D.E., Shields, S.L., Jolie, R., Mannan, R.M., Ankenbauer, R.G., Welch,S.K. CD163 expression confers susceptibility to porcine reproductive and respiratorysyndrome viruses. J Virol.2007,81:7371-7379.
[51]Delputte PL, Vanderheijden N, Nauwynck HJ and Pensaert MB. Involvement of the matrixprotein in attachment of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus to a heparinlikereceptor on porcine alveolar macrophages. J Virol,2002,76:4312-4320.
[52]Delputte, P.L., Costers, S., Nauwynck, H.J. Analysis of porcine reproductive and respiratorysyndrome virus attachment and internalization:distinctive roles for heparan sulphate andsialoadhesin. J Gen Virol.2005,86:1441-1445.
[53]Kim, J.K., Fahad, A.M., Shanmukhappa, K., Kapil, S. Defining the cellular target (s) ofporcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus blocking monoclonal antibody 7G10. J Virol.,2006, 80:689-696.
[54]Choi C, Christianson WT and Gustafson K. Antibody-dependent enhancement of PRRS virusreplication. Am Assoc swine pract Newsletter,1992,4:19-21.
[55]Yoon KJ, Zimmerman JJ, Swenson SL. Assessment of the biological significance of antibodydependent enhancement of porcine epidemic abortion and respiratory syndrome (PEARS)virus infection in passively immunized pigs. In: Proc 13th Inter Pig Vet Soci Congr,Bangkok, Thailand,1994a:11-14.
[56]Yoon KJ, Wu LL, Zimmerman JJ, Hill HT and Platt KB. Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection in pigs. Viral Immunol, 1996,9:51-63.
[57]Mascolar JR, Mathieson BJ, Zack PM, Walker MC, Halsteas SB and Burke DS. Summaryreport: workshop on the potential risks of antibody-dependent enhancement in human HIVvaccine trails. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses,1993,9:1175-1184.
[58]Corapi WV, Olsen CW, Scott FW. Monoclonal antibody analysis of neutralization andantibodydependent enhancement of feline infectious peritonitis virus. J Virol,1992, 66:6695-6705.
[50]Homayon G, Perng GC, Anthony BN and Steven LW. Antibody-dependent enhancement of HSV-1 infection by anti-gK sera. Virus Res,2000,68:137-144.
[59]Christianson WT, Collins JE, Benfield DA, Harris L, Gorcyca DE, Chladek DW, MorrisonRB, Joo HS. Experimental reproduction of swine infertility and respiratory syndrome inpregnant sows. Am J Vet Res.1992, Apr; 53 (4):485-488.
[60]Plana-Duran J, Climent I, Sarraseca J, et al. Baculovirus expression of proteins ofporcinereproductive and respiratory syndrome virus strain OIot/91.In volvement of ORF3 andORF5 proteins in protection.Virus Genes,1997,14 (1):19-29.
[61]Gall A, Albina E, Magar R and Gauthier JP. Antigenic variability of porcine reproductive andrespiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus isolates, influence of virus passage in pig. Vet Res, 1997,28:247-257.
[62]Bilodeau R, Archambault D and Vezina SA. Persistence of porcime reproductive andrespiratory syndrome virus infection in a swine operation. Can J Vet Res,1994,58 (4):291-298.
[63]Sur JH and Doster AR. Apoptosis induced in vivo during acute infection by porcinereproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Vet Pathol,1998,35:506-514.
[64]Allende R, Laegreid WW, Kutish GF, Galeota JA, Wills RW and Osorio FA. Porcinereproductive and respiratory syndrome virus:Description of persistence in individual pigupon experimental infection. J Virol,2000a,74 (22):10834-10837.
[65]Domingo E and Holland JJ. RNA virus mutations and fitness for survival. Annu RevMicrobiol, 1997,51:151-178.
[66]Hedges JF, Balasuriya UBR, Timoney PJ, McCollum WH and Macachlan NJ. Geneticdivergence with emergence of novel phenotypic variants of equine arteritis virus duringpersistent infection of stallions. J Viral,1999,73:3672-3681.
[67]Gall A, Legeay O, Bourhy H, Arnauld C, Albina E and Jestin A. Molecular variation in thenucleoprotein gene (ORF7) of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV). Virus Res,1998,54:9-21.
[68]任树军,岳华,汤承,等.高致病性蓝耳病PCR诊断及病毒分离鉴定[J].四川畜牧兽医,2009,(3)：23-24.
[69]Collett. Co. parison of the pestivirusBVDV with the other, ebers of Flaviviridae [J].Virology, 1998,69:2637-2642.
[70]欧德渊,李诗举,王群辉,等.高致病性猪蓝耳病的病理学观察[J].贵州畜牧兽医,2008,32(6)：3-4.
[71]伊良,甄春来,唐守营.高致病性猪蓝耳病的预防及控制[J].养猪,2009,(1)：68.
[72]冉智光,杨汉春.猪繁殖与呼吸障碍综合征研究进展[J].猪业科学,2006,(5)：21-22.
[73]杨汉春.猪繁殖与呼吸综合征综述[J].猪业科学,2006,(5)：19-20.
[74]Mengeling W L, Lager K M, Vorwald A C.The effect of porcine parvovirus andporcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus on porcine reproductiveperformance[J].Animal Reproduction Science,2000, (60-61):199-210.
[75]Keffabern K K.Reproductive failure of unknown etiology[J].Am Asso SwinePract Neuwsletter. 1989,1 (2):1-9.
[76]宋长绪,姚建职,吴良波,等.全群普免PRRS活疫苗的效果研究[J].疫苗应用,2006,5：31-33.
[77]张婉华,叶向阳,祁贤,等.猪繁殖呼吸综合征弱毒疫苗的研制[J].上海农业学报,2005,21(1)：103-106.
[78]蔡雪辉,田志军.猪繁殖与呼吸综合征的疫苗研究进展及其防制策略[J].养殖,2006,(3)：33-36.
[79]王君玮,盖日忠,徐天刚,等.猪繁殖与呼吸综合征油乳剂灭活苗免疫效力试验[J].中国兽医杂志,2006,42(6)：51-52.
[80]金苗苗,沈国顺,张敏,等.猪繁殖与呼吸综合征疫苗的研究进展[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,2007,(6)：17-18.
[81]赵坤,干三虎,李敬玺,等.猪繁殖与呼吸综合征油乳剂灭活疫苗的研制[J].河南农业大学学报,2006,40(4)：379-382.
[82]周艳君,薛强,安同庆,等.猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒CH-la株核衣壳蛋白单克隆抗体的制备[J].中国预防兽医学报,2005,27(6)：498-452.
[83]仇华吉,周彦君,童光志.猪繁殖呼吸综合征病毒蛋白的结构与功能[J].动物医学进展,2000,12(2)：23-26.
[84]邱立新,郑杰.高致病性猪蓝耳病的临床诊断与防治[J].中国畜牧兽医,2008,35(1)：114-115.
[85]金光明,杨倩.猪繁殖与呼吸综合征免疫学研究[J].安徽农业科学,2003,31(1)：114-116.
[86]Adam KH. Marquardt O.D ifferentiation of type A, Asia I and Ofood-and-mouth disease vius, amplified by the same system,by sequencing ofthe capsid protein genes[J].Jviro IM ethods,2002, 104 (2):117-123.
[87]袁文泽,苏永生.1990～2001年世界口蹄疫流行情况及其防制对策[J].中国动物检疫.2002,19(2)：43-44.
[88]董志强,张志,李成,等.口蹄疫检测技术研究进展[J].中国动物检疫,2007,24(3)：48-50.
[89]郎洪武,杨汉春.口蹄疫研究进展[J].中国兽药杂志,2005,39(10)：16-21.
[90]沈小燕,常惠芸,丛国正,等.口蹄疫病毒感染细胞的研究进展[J].动物医学进展,2005,26(6)：1-5.
[91]刘在新,谢庆阁.口蹄疫防治技术的研究与发展[J].中国兽医科技,2001,31(5)：18-21.
[92]G eeringWA. Food and A gricu ltu ral O rgan izat ion of th eU n ited N a-tions (FAO). Em erging D isease of L ivestock. V o.l 1. Th e d iseaseand th eir D iagnos is, FAO, R om e, Italy,1984,43-51.
[93]Knowles N I SamuIP R.Molecular epidem iology of foot-and-mouth diseasevirus[J].Vius, 2003, 91:47-50.
[94]陈富超.猪场口蹄的防控措施[J].今日畜牧兽医,2005,12(21)：19-20.
[95]刘丽.猪口蹄疫特点及其防治[J].安微农学通报,2008,14(22)：135.
[96]世界动物卫生组织.OIE哺乳动物、禽、蜜蜂A和B类疾病诊断试验和疫苗标准手册[S].北京：中国农业科学技术出版社，2002.71-86.
[97]M ni istry of A gricultu re, Fisheries and Food. Foo-t and-mouth disease.A geing of les ion.s H erM ajesty.s Stat ioneryO ffice, London, UK,1986.
[98]Fr enkel H S. Research on foot-and- mout h disease.o:T hecultivat ion of the v irus on a practical scale in explantationbov ine tongue epithelium [J]. Am J V et Res,1951,17:224-228.
[99]Mo wat G N, Chapman W G. Growt h of foo-t and- mouthdisease virus in a fibroblastic cell line der ived from hamsterkidneys [J]. Nature 1962,194:253-259.
[100]李永明,杨先富.种猪场口蹄疫母源抗体水平与灭活疫苗免疫效果的调查[J].中国兽医杂志,2007,43(11)：89-91.34
[101]Bachrach H L, Moor e D M, M cKercher P D, et al. Im-mune and ant ibody responses to an isolated capsid protein offoo-t and-mouth disease virus [J]. J Immunol,1975,115:1636-1640.
[102]K leid D G, Y ansura D, Small B, et al. Cloned vir al pro-tein v accine for foo-t and-mouth disease; reponses in cattleand sw ine [J]. Science,1981,214:1125-1131.
[103]M cKercher P D, M oore D M, M organ D O, et al. Dose-r esponse evaluation of a genetically eng ineered foot-and-mouth disease virus polypetptide immunog en in cattle [J].Am J Vet Res, 1985,46:587.
[104]谢庆阁,薛景山.美国动物病研究机构及科研进展简况[J].中国兽医科技,1987,(2)59-60.
[105]Jag adeesh B, Kr ishnamsetty P, Susaria G, et al. Protec-tive immune response: C-terminal VP 1 por tion of foot- and-mouth disease virus Asia-1 [J]. M icrobio I. Immuno.1999,43:765-771.
[106]Carrillo C, W igdorovitz A, Oliveros C, et al. Protectiveimmune response to foo t- and- mouth disease v irus with V Plexpressed in transg enic plants [J]. J V irol,1998,72:1688-1690.
[107]Dimarchi R, Brooke G, G ale C, et al. Protect ion ofcattle against foo-t and- mouth disease by a syntheticpeptide [J]. Science,1986,232:639-642.
[108]Am are-I D oel CM F, Ow en N E, Ferris N P, et a.1 D etection offoo-tand-m ou th d isease viral sequ ences in clin ical specmi en s andethyleneim ine-inacct ivated preparat ion s by the polym erase chaireact ion [J]. V accine,1993,11 (4):415-421.
[109]A uge D eM ello P, G om es I Bahn em ann HG The vaccination ofyoung cattle w ith an oil ad juvant foo-tand-m outh d isease vaccine[J]. B ol C entr Panam F ieb re A ftose,1989,55:3-14.
[110]Barnett PV, Pu llen L, W illians L. In ternat ional bank for foo-tand-m ou th d isease vaccin e: assen ssm en t ofM ontan id e ISA 25 andISA 206, tw o comm ercially ava ilab le o il ad juvan ts[J]. V accine,1996,9:75-88.
[111]D oel TR, Pu llen L. International bank for foo-tand-m outh d iseasevaccine:stab ility stud ies w ith virus cocent rates and vaccines pre-p ared from them [J]. V accin e,1990,8:473-478.
[112]W agn er GG, Card JL, Cow an KM. Imm unochem ical s tud ies offoo-tand-mouth d isease virus. Ⅶ. Characterizat ion of foo-tand-mouth d isease v iru s cocen trated by polyethy lene glycol p recip ita-t ion [J]. A rch G es V iru sforsch,1970,30:343-352.
[113]Bu tchaiah G, R ao BU. Freeze-d rying of food and m ou th d iseaseviru s and its app licat ion in inact ivated viru s vaccine produ ct ion[J]. R ev S ci Tech O ff In t E p iz,1988,7(2):347-356.
[114]张森涛,刘湘涛,张彦明,等.猪瘟标记疫苗的研究进展[J].中国兽医科技,2003,33(8)：26-29.
[115]蒋晓颖,俞秋兰,钱丽英.当前猪瘟流行病因学研究进展[J].动物科学与动物医学,2002,19(2)：29-31.
[116]Blome S,Grotha I,Moennig V,et al.Classical swine fever virus in South—Eastern Europere-ospeetive analysis of the disease situation and molecular epidemiology[J]. Vet Micmbiol,2010,146(3-4):276-284.
[117]赵耘,王在时,王琴,等.猪瘟病毒E2基因部分核苷酸序列遗传进化关系的研究[J].畜牧兽医学报,2002,(33)：157-164.
[118]王琴.猪瘟流行现状及中国猪瘟净化策[J].猪病防控,2012,(10)：45-47.
[119]蔡宝祥.家畜传染病学(第4版)[M].北京：中国农业出版社,2001,383-388.
[120]Moormann R J.Bouma A.Kramps J A,et al.Development of a classical swine fever subunitmarker vaccine and companion diagnostic test[J].Vet Microbiol,2000,73(2-3):209-219.
[121]Bouma A,De Smit A J,De Jong MCM,et al.Determination of the onset of the herd-immunityinduced by the E2 sub-unit vaccine against classical swine fever virus[J].Vaccine,2000,18:1374-1381.
[122]Yu X,Tu C C,Li H,et al.DNA-mediated protection against classical swine fevervirus[J].Vaccine, 2001,19:1520-1535.
[123]Hammond J M,McCoy R J,Jansen E S,et al. Vaccination with a single dose of a recombinantporcine adenovirus expressing the classical swine fever virus gp55 (E2)gene protects pigsagainst classical swine fever[J].Vaccine,2000,18 (11-12):1040-1050.
[124]Andrew M E,Morrissy C J,Lenghaus C,et al.Protection of pigs against classical swine feverwith DNA-delivered gp55 [J].Vaccine,2000,18(18):1932-1938.
[125]Rumenahf T,Stark R,Meyers G,et al.Structural proteins of hog cholera virus expressed byvaccinia virus:further characterization and induction of protective immunity[J].J Virol,1991,65(2):589-597.
[126]Van Zijl M,De Kluyver. Live attenuated pseudorabies virus expressing envelope glycoproteinE1 of hog cholera virus protects swine against both pseudorabies and hog cholera[J].JVirol,1991,65(5): 2761-2765.
[127]文萍萍,陈代平,李金海,等.猪瘟脾淋苗、猪。型口蹄疫和猪蓝耳病灭活苗两两联合应用的免疫效果观察[J].四川畜牧兽医,2010,231(1)：21-24.
[128]张长龙,贾文孝,曾存芳,等.猪瘟疫苗(兔源)、猪O型口蹄疫疫苗、猪蓝耳病疫苗有效免疫试验报告[J].疫病防控,2008,233(9)：40-43.
[129]王剑峰,杨宗照,谷艺,等.同时注射猪瘟和蓝耳病疫苗对猪瘟抗体效价的影响试[J].浙江畜牧兽医,2007,(1)：33.
[130]陆国林,陈伟杰,洪建伟,高致病性猪蓝耳病、猪瘟、口蹄疫疫苗分点同时接种免疫效果试验[J].中兽医医药杂志,2009(5)：28-30.
[131]郑利霞,舒菊英,郑水芳.猪瘟、口蹄疫与高致病性蓝耳病疫苗不同组合的免疫效果试[J].浙江畜牧兽医,2012(3)：26-28.
[132]施程洪,刘绍阳,朱明旺,等.ELISA抗体水平评价口蹄疫灭活疫苗免疫效果的可行性分析[J].中国兽医科学2012,42(4)：394-400
[133]华树明.高致病性蓝耳病疫苗与口蹄疫、猪瘟疫苗同时分点注射对口蹄疫、猪瘟抗体效价的影响试验[J].浙江畜牧兽医,2008,33(4)：6-7.
[134]任宇斓,于厚军,蒋文生.等猪口蹄疫、猪瘟、高致病性猪蓝耳病三种疫苗不同组合同时分点免疫效果观察与分析[J].中国动物检疫,2011,28(5)：67-71.
[135]张海燕,陈松林,沈振宁.生猪O型口蹄疫、猪瘟、高致病性蓝耳病疫苗的免疫试验报告[J].中国畜牧兽医文摘,2012,28(8)：206-207.
[136]孟丽军,杨晓玲,江文明.等猪口蹄疫、猪瘟、高致病性蓝耳病三种疫苗不同组合同时分点免疫的效果观察[J].四川畜牧兽医,2013,267(01)：23-26.
[137]朱善德,樊莉,卢黎明,等.猪瘟、口蹄疫和蓝耳病三种疫苗免疫程序比对试验[J].畜牧兽医科技信息,2009(4)：37.
[138]马睿麟,蔡金山,沈艳丽,等.猪瘟、口蹄疫、猪繁殖与呼吸综合征等多种疫苗免疫试验[J].畜牧与兽医,2010,42(10)：79-82.
[139]蔡宝祥.我国高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征研究进展[J].畜牧与兽医,2010,42(10)1-4.
[140]王东东,邓雨修,宋延华,等.我国猪繁殖与呼吸综合征流行概况[J].动物医学进展,2009,30(5)：101-104
[141]胡益源,张明亮,王慧,等.我国猪繁殖与呼吸综合征研究进展[J].中国动物保健,2012,14(10)：24-27.
[142]卢景,陆承平,段振华.口蹄疫、猪瘟和高致病性猪蓝耳病3种疫苗不同组合对猪的免疫效果评价[J].畜牧与兽医,2012,44(1)：76-79.